A transform plate boundary is characterized by ________. |
D |
A typical rate of seafloor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean is ________. |
D |
*A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a ________. |
Hot Spot |
All of the following contribute evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics except for ________. Select one: |
A |
Deep-oceanic trenches are most abundant around the rim of the ________ ocean basin. |
D |
In the early part of the 20th century, ________ argued forcefully for continental drift. |
C |
Linear, magnetic patterns associated with mid-ocean ridges are configured as ________. |
C |
*Mount St. Helens and the other Cascade volcanoes are ________. |
A |
New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ________. |
C |
On the average, lithospheric plates are ________ thick. |
C |
*The continental drift hypothesis was rejected primarily because Alfred Wegener could not ________. |
identify a mechanism capable of moving continents |
The former, late Paleozoic super continent is known as ________. |
C |
The temperature below which magnetic material can retain a permanent magnetization is called the ________. |
D |
The ________ is (are) a logical evolutionary analog of the African Rift Valleys ten million years from now. |
D |
Where would you drill to recover samples of the oldest basalts of the oceanic crust, which are Jurassic in age? |
B |
Which of the following paleoclimatic evidence supports the idea of the late Paleozoic super continent in the Southern Hemisphere? |
B |
*Which of the following statements apply to the asthenosphere, but not the lithosphere? |
A |
Why is so much basaltic magma erupted along mid-ocean ridges? Select one: |
B |
________ was a flora that was widely distributed throughout the once contiguous, late Paleozoic, Southern Hemisphere landmass. |
C |
________ was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of Pangaea. |
B |
T/F During various times in the geologic past, the polarity of Earth’s magnetic field has been reversed. |
True |
T/F As the South Atlantic basin widens by seafloor spreading, Africa and South America are moving closer together. |
False |
T/F Iceland is a good example of an island arc, formed from an oceanic-oceanic plate collision. |
False |
T/F In general, rocks of the continental crust are less dense than rocks of the oceanic crust. |
True |
T/F The Himalayan Mountains are the tectonic product of a collision between India and Eurasia that began about 40 million years ago and still continues. |
True |
T/F In general, seafloor sediments gradually thicken away from a mid-ocean ridge. |
True |
*A (an) ________ texture represents a single, long period of cooling and crystallization. |
phaneritic |
*A ________ is an open cavity in a volcanic rock that was filled by a gas bubble when the lava was still mainly liquid. |
Vesicle |
A ________ texture would be most unlikely to occur in an extrusive igneous rock. |
D |
Changing the composition of magma by incorporating surrounding host rock is known as ________. |
D |
The last minerals to crystallize on Bowen’s Reaction Series result in igneous rocks with a ________ composition. |
Felsic |
The sizes, shapes, and arrangements of mineral grains in an igneous rock is known as ________. |
B |
Which igneous rock or magma has the lowest silica (SiO2) content? |
D |
Which of the following best describes an aphanitic texture? |
A |
Which of the following igneous rocks has a pyroclastic texture? |
A |
________ has the same mineral composition as andesite. |
D |
T/F A porphyritic texture includes two different sizes of mineral grains, the phenocrysts and the vesicles. |
False |
T/F Basalt is the aphanitic or fine-grained equivalent of gabbro. |
True |
T/F Olivine is an important mineral in peridotites and other ultramafic rocks. |
True |
T/F Pegmatites are smaller volume, intrusive bodies with glassy textures. |
False |
New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ________. |
B |
Deep ocean trenches are surficial evidence for ________. |
C |
The Aleutian Islands occur at a ________. |
D |
Deep-focus earthquakes are associated with ________ plate boundaries. |
D |
Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth’s lithospheric plates? |
D |
Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sink into the mantle at ________. |
C |
________ most effectively outline the edges of the lithospheric plates. |
B |
________ is the dominant feldspar in basalt. |
C |
Which of the following minerals crystallize early in Bowen’s reaction series? |
B |
All of the following are factors that affect the generation of magma except for ________. |
D |
* A sandstone with the sand grains embedded in a clay-rich matrix is a ______ |
graywacke |
*The composition of the Mantle is thought to be most similar to |
peridotite |
*What type of plate boundary is the Andes Mountains |
Convergent Ocean-Continent |
*The Red Sea is an example of which type of boundary |
Divergent |
*The term for the pattern developed by cooling Igneous intrusions as they shrink and crack such as in a sill or dike is called |
Columnar jointing |
*Lava erupting on the sea floor may form rounded balls of rock that we refer to as |
Pillow Lava |
*Which two minerals define a felsic composition? |
Quartz and Potassium Felspar |
Geol HW 2
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