FSHN 120 Test 2 Practice Questions

The cells in the hypothalamus that are triggered by low blood glucose and signal hunger are known as
hunger cells.
adipose cells.
feeding cells.
eating cells.

Feeding cells

One distinct advantage of the BMI is that it is able to account for body composition. T/F

False

In theory, what would be the approximate weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcal every day for four weeks (e.g., about 28 days)?
4 lbs
0.5 lbs
3 lbs
2 lbs

4 lbs

The label on a ready-to-eat cereal box indicates that 1 cup contains 32 grams of carbohydrate, 4 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. How many kilocalories are there in two cups of this cereal?
256
162
187
324

324

Which of the following individuals would MOST likely have the lowest basal metabolic rate?
a 28-year-old conditioned male athlete
a 28-year-old normal weight male
a 28-year-old overweight woman
a 28-year-old pregnant woman

a 28-year-old overweight woman

The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients is called
the thermic effect of food.
the basal metabolic rate.
the nutrient expenditure quotient.
adaptive thermogenesis.

the thermic effect of food

What type of weight loss will an individual experience by restricting calories but not increasing his or her level of physical activity?
The individual will lose both adipose and lean body tissue.
The individual will lose mostly lean body tissue.
The individual will not lose any body weight.
The individual will lose mostly adipose tissue.

The individual will lose mostly lean body tissue.

Research studies have shown that the risk for developing type 2 diabetes and hypertension begins to increase at a BMI greater than
40 kg/m2.
30 kg/m2.
35 kg/m2.
24 kg/m2.

30 kg/m2

Which of the following is FALSE abut Peptide YY (PYY)?
is a protein produced in the GI tract
decreases appetite and inhibits food intake
occurs in higher levels in obese people
is released proportional to the number of calories eaten

occurs in higher levels in obese people

Heat-producing brown adipose tissue containing uncoupling proteins has been found only in animals and newborn humans.
T/F

False

Benjamin is an 18-year-old college student who is 5’10" tall and weighs 170 pounds. How many kilocalories does he expend each day for basal metabolism?
1,375 kcal
1,855 kcal
3,024 kcal
3,360 kcal

1,855 kcal

You weighed a team of football players and, according to their Body Mass Index, they are categorized as overweight and obese. Which of the following would you MOST LIKELY conclude?
The majority are probably obese and should make efforts to lose weight.
Their muscle weight is probably responsible for the elevated BMIs.
Their bones may be well mineralized, which is responsible for their BMI.
The BMI tables must be wrong; throw them out.

Their muscle weight is probably responsible for the elevated BMIs.

Obesity is NOT associated with an increased risk of
diabetes.
cardiovascular disease.
hypertension.
type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes

Leptin is a hormone produced by what kind of cells?
liver cells
pancreatic cells
muscle cells
adipose cells

Adipose cells

Which of the following correctly describes the energy balance equation?
energy consumed minus energy expended
energy expended minus energy consumed
energy expended plus energy consumed
energy consumed equals energy expended

Energy consumed equals energy expended

Which of the following would NOT be practical advice to overcome the "I don’t have enough time!" barrier to physical activity?
Force yourself to exercise at least 45 minutes every day.
When you are talking on the phone, pace instead of sitting still.
Meet your friends for a lunchtime walk, jog, or workout.
Skip the elevator and take the stairs.

Force yourself to exercise at least 45 minutes every day.

Serena is 5’8" tall and weighs 180 pounds. Serena’s BMI indicates that she is
underweight.
at a healthy weight.
overweight.
obese.

Overweight

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary components of a sound weight change plan?
gradual change in energy intake
incorporation of regular and appropriate physical activity
application of behavior modification techniques
a change of more than 2 pounds per week

A change of more than 2 pounds per week

After about three seconds of exercise, which substance is broken down to help regenerate ATP?
glucose
pyruvic acid
creatine phosphate (CP)
lactic acid

Creatine phosphate

In which of the following sports are male athletes at greater risk for developing bulimia nervosa?
Wrestling
Basketball
Football
Baseball

Wrestling

Eating frequent small meals throughout the day is called
Ketoning
Grazing
Carb Loading
Glycolyzing

Grazing

Which of the following individuals does NOT need to have a medical evaluation before beginning an exercise regimen?
Jack, a 65-year-old man with diabetes
Betty, a 55-year-old woman who is healthy but inactive
Frank, a 45-year-old man who is healthy but inactive
Dinitra, a healthy, active 35-year-old-woman

Dinitra, a healthy, active 35-year-old woman

Which of the following BEST explains why individuals with anorexia nervosa have an increased risk for developing osteoporosis?
decreased estrogen production
frequent electrolyte imbalance
malabsorption of calcium
low body weight

Decreased estrogen production

After completing an exercise session, adequate hydration in an athlete is BEST determined by
lack of fatigue and soreness in the muscles.
urine that is light yellow in color.
no sweat production.
absence of leg cramps.

Urine that is light yellow in color

In which of the following events would carbohydrate loading NOT be beneficial?
Cross country
Distance swimming
Skiing
Weight-lifting

Weight lifting

Approximately what percentage of Americans report that they do NOT engage in any leisure-time activity?
10%
16%
25%
50%

25%

Some athletes believe that caffeine can enhance athletic performance because it has been shown to
increase muscle flexibility and strength.
increase the use of fatty acids as a fuel source.
regenerate ATP for energy.
increase the transport of amino acids to exercising muscle.

Increase the use of fatty acids as a fuel source

Obsessive-compulsive, perfectionist, socially inhibited, compliant, and emotionally restrained describe personality traits of
Anorexia nervosa
Bullimia nervosa
Obesity
Binge eating disorder

Anorexia nervosa

Up to what percentage of a person’s total energy intake should carbohydrates make up, based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?
15%
30%
65%
70%

65%

Which of the following enzymes is found in the mouth?
lactase
maltase
pancreatic amylase
salivary amylase

Salivary amylase

Which of the following is an example of a soluble fiber?
lignins
cellulose
hemicelluloses
pectins

Pectins

Which of the following hormones is released when your blood sugar is too high?
Estrogen
Insulin
Glucagon
CCK

Insulin

The FDA and the USDA MyPlate have developed consistent standardized serving sizes for all foods. T/F

False

A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of
two monosaccharides.
two polysaccharides.
one monosaccharide and one polysaccharide.
two oligosaccharides.

Two monosaccharides

Which of the following is NOT a symptom/side effect of ketosis?
bad breath
high blood cholesterol
dehydration
ketoacidosis (acidic pH of the blood)

High blood cholesterol

Sugar alcohols are most often used in which of the following products?diet sodas
baked confections
chewing gums
infant formulas

Chewing gums

MyPlate’s serving-size recommendations counter which significant social trend that contributes to excess Calorie intake and weight gain?
A) dramatic increase in portion sizes
B) lack of affordable fresh fruits and vegetables at most supermarkets
C) increasing popularity of ethnic food choices
D) rising rates of food allergies

Dramatic increase in portion sizes

The USDA MyPlate was introduced in 2011. T/F

True

Yesterday Nadia consumed 250 grams of carbohydrate, 75 grams of protein, and 60 grams of fat. What percentage of calories of her day’s intake came from fat?
13%
15%
29%
35%

29%

Which of the following foods are rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids?
coconut and palm oils
olive oil and cashew nuts
safflower and corn oils
butter and lard

Olive oil and cashew nuts

The American Heart Association advises consumers to
choose trans fat free margarines over butter.
choose butter over trans fat free margarine.
avoid butter and margarine all together.
use mayonnaise instead or butter or margarine.

Choose trans fat free margarines over butter

Which of the following statements is TRUE about trans fatty acids?
They are made by the body in large quantities.
They are found only in plant products.
They decrease the risk of developing heart disease.
They are created during the hydrogenation process.

They are created during the hydrogenation process

Which of the following foods contain a large quantity of saturated fatty acids?
cashew nuts and almonds
olive and canola oils
canola and corn oils
palm kernel and coconut oils

palm kernel and coconut oils

Which of the following is a rich source of omega-6 fatty acids?
margarine made from corn or safflower oil
flax seed oil
leafy green vegetables
salmon

Margarine made from corn or safflower oil

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are metabolic derivatives of
trans fat.
linoleic acid.
alpha-linolenic acid.
cholesterol.

Alpha-linolenic acid

The spherical compounds made up of bile and phospholipids that transport dietary fat into the intestinal mucosal cells are the
chylomicrons.
salivary enzymes.
albumins
micelles.

Micelles

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
age
gender
being overweight
family history

Being overweight

How many double bonds does a saturated fatty acid contain between carbons?
none
one
two
more than two

None

Which of the following ingredients would alert you to the likely presence of trans fatty acids in a product?
partially hydrogenated vegetable oil
lecithin
liquid corn oil
vitamin E

Partially hydrogenated vegetable oil

Medium-chain fatty acids are how many carbon atoms in length?
at least 6
at least 12
at least 14
at least 16

At least 6

An optimal systolic blood pressure reading would be less than
60 mm Hg.
80 mm Hg.
120 mm Hg.
200 mg.

120 mm Hg

A fatty acid that contains a chain of ten carbons and one double bond is called what?
a saturated, medium-chain fatty acid
a saturated, long-chain fatty acid
a monounsaturated, medium-chain fatty acid
a monounsaturated, long-chain fatty acid

A monounsaturated, medium-chain fatty acid

Which of the following is NOT a function of fat in the human body?
Fat assists in the transport of fat-soluble vitamins.
Fat maintains the integrity of cell membranes.
Fat provides insulation to help retain body heat.
Fats make us feel hungry.

Fats make us feel hungry

Where in the body are the majority of triglycerides stored for future energy needs?
lipoproteins
beta cells of the pancreas
liver
adipose tissue

Adipose tissue

Which of the following groups would have the lowest risk for toxicity from eating shark and other fish with high levels of environmental contaminants?
teenaged boys
pregnant women
breastfeeding women
children

Teenaged boys

A desirable total blood cholesterol level, associated with a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, is less than
40 mg/dl.
100 mg/dl.
200 mg/dl.
300 mg/dl.

200 mg/dl

A nonspecific marker of inflammation associated with cardiovascular disease is
C-reactive protein (CRP)
LDL-cholesterol.
hypertension.
HDL-cholesterol

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Significant chemical digestion of protein begins in the
mouth.
stomach.
gallbladder.
pancreas.

stomach

The absorption of proteins occurs in the
stomach.
small intestine.
large intestine.
liver.

small intestine

Which of the following is NOT a reason athletes have higher dietary protein needs than sedentary individuals?
During exercise more protein is needed to carry oxygen in the blood.
During exercise additional protein is needed to make glucose to prevent hypoglycemia.
During exercise additional protein is needed to repair the tissue damaged during exercise.
During exercise, protein is used as a primary source of energy.

During exercise, protein is used as a primary source of energy.

Which of the following supplements would you recommend a vegan add to his/her diet?
protein
fiber
vitamin B12
vitamin C

vitamin B12

Which of the following is an excellent source of protein that includes foods such as kidney beans, pinto beans, black beans, soybeans, lentils, and chickpeas?
quorn
quinoa
nuts
legumes

legumes

Which of the following is the MOST complete protein from a plant source?
green beans
soybeans
bread
apples

Soybeans

Which of the following is NOT a component of an amino acid molecule?
a central carbon
an amine group
an acid group
a fatty acid group

a fatty acid group

Which of the following proteins are fundamental to the immune system?
enzymes
antibodies
buffers
transport proteins

antibodies

The proteins responsible for helping maintain fluid balance are known as
proteases.
transport proteins.
buffers.
hormones.

Transport proteins

The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called
gene expression.
alteration.
deamination.
transamination.

Transamination

The type of vegetarian who eats vegetables, grains, fruits, eggs, and milk but excludes all other types of animal protein is called a
pesco-vegetarian.
lacto-ovo vegetarian.
vegan.
lacto-vegetarian.

Lacto-ovo vegetarian

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Eating sufficient carbohydrate and fat will spare body protein.
The body stores excess protein primarily for energy reserves.
The healthy body’s primary energy source is carbohydrate and fat.
To utilize protein for energy, the amine group is removed.

The body stores excess protein primarily for energy reserves.

The enzymes that digest proteins in the small intestine are
proteases.
phosphofructokinases.
pepsinogens.
pepsins.

proteases

The process through which mRNA copies genetic information from DNA and carries it to the ribosome is called
deamination.
translation.
transcription.
denaturation.

Transcription

Complementary proteins provide all twenty essential amino acids.
True
False

False, they contain 9

Which hormone controls both the production of hydrochloric acid and the release of pepsin?
insulin
pepsin
glucagon
gastrin

Gastrin

Bodybuilders and weight lifters need as much as 2 times more protein than the RDA.
True
False

True

Which of the following is NOT typically a nutrient of concern for vegans?
vitamin B12
vitamin C
calcium
iron

Vitamin C

What dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body?
the body’s need for a protein
the DNA inside the nucleus of the cell
the combination of proteins consumed in the diet
the number of essential amino acids available

The DNA inside the nucleus of the cell

Of the 20 amino acids relevant to the human body, how many are considered nonessential?
20
11
9
none

11

Saturated fatty acids can occur in either a cis or trans shape.
True
False

False

Which of the following food items would contain the highest amount of saturated fat?
skim milk
butter
steamed broccoli
canola oil

Butter

Short- and medium-chain fatty acids are absorbed and transported more quickly than long-chain fatty acids.
True or False?

True

Saturated fats are
found primarily in foods derived from plants.
liquid at room temperature.
found in whole milk and beef.
protective of our health.

found in whole milk and beef

Why are phospholipids NOT an essential nutrient?
Our bodies manufacture phospholipids.
Beneficial GI bacteria produce phospholipids.
Phospholipids are not naturally found in the healthy body.
They provide no useful function in the human body.

Our bodies manufacture phospholipids

Unless labeled as zero trans fatty acids, most margarines will have more trans fatty acids than butter.
True
False

True

If an ingredient label indicates a product contains partially hydrogenated oils, it will almost assuredly contain trans fats.
True
False

True

Women are advised to avoid all fish products during pregnancy.
True
False

False

In January 2006 the Food and Drug Administration issued an optional recommendation to list the amounts of trans fatty acids on the Nutrition Facts panel of food products.
True
False

False

Meat is NOT a good dietary source of glycogen. Why?
The highly branched structure of glycogen is difficult for human digestive enzymes to break apart.
Glycogen is a protein and will be broken down by the human digestive tract before it is absorbed in the small intestine.
Most of the glycogen found in meat is broken down when the animal is slaughtered.
Glycogen is resistant to intestinal enzymes and cannot be broken down by the human digestive tract.

Most of the glycogen found in meat is broken down when the animal is slaughtered.

Fat is the primary fuel for the brain.
True
False

False, glucose.

Fructose is also known as
sucralose.
maltose.
pectin.
levulose.

Levulose

Lactose is composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose.
True
False

True

The primary energy source used by the body at rest is
carbohydrates.
protein.
glycogen.
fat.

Fat

Insoluble fiber consumption is associated with decreased
blood cholesterol levels.
blood glucose levels.
risk of breast cancer.
risk of diverticulosis.

risk of diverticulosis

Which of the following artificial sweeteners is made from sucrose?
sucralose
saccharine
acesulfame-K
aspartame

Sucralose

Which of the following are substances in plant foods that are NOT absorbed by the body?
dietary fiber
disaccharides
simple sugars
starch

Dietary fiber

Sweetened soft drinks are the most common source of added sugars in the American diet.
True
False

True

Petra is a long-distance track athlete who would like to optimize her glycogen stores. If she weighs 132 pounds, what is the minimum amount of carbohydrate she should consume to achieve this goal?
360 grams
800 grams
250 grams
290 grams

360 grams

Consuming high glycemic foods immediately after exercising can enhance glycogen storage.
True
False

True

Which of the following is NOT a reason fat becomes an energy source for trained athletes?
improves the ability to extract fat from the blood during exercise
improves the ability of muscles to store fat
increases the number and activity of various enzymes involved in fat metabolism
replaces carbohydrates as an energy source during prolonged, intense training

replaces carbohydrates as an energy source during the prolonged, intense training

Placing an extra physical demand on the body to improve the fitness level is called
ergogenic training.
carbohydrate loading.
the overload principle.
lactic-acid loading.

The overload principle

Which of the following BEST describes exercise?
leisure physical activity that is purposeful, planned, and structured
any movement produced by muscles that increases energy expenditure
maximal force or tension level that can be produced by a muscle group
ability to move a joint fluidly through the complete range of motion

Leisure physical activity that is purposeful, planned, and structured.

What type of study compares self-reports of physical activity with rates of illness and mortality?
clinical trials
population-based epidemiological studies
exercise training studies
case-control studies

Population-based epidemiological studies

Carbohydrate loading is effective for most athletes and poses no disadvantages. T/F

False

More than 50% of adults in the United States do not meet national healthy recommendations for exercise. T/F

True

The early weight loss often seen on a high-protein diet is actually a result of

a loss of water that is released when glycogen stores are broken down

Being underweight increases a person’s risk of developing

infection and illness.

What is the primary form of fat in the diet?

Triglycerides

A person with which of the following BMI values has the highest increased risk for premature mortality?

35 kg/m2

Medium-chain fatty acids are how many carbon atoms in length?

At least 6

A complete protein…

Has all 9 essential amino acids

The enzymes that digest proteins in the small intestine are

Proteases

Jorge is a weight lifter who believes that consuming large amounts of protein-rich foods will increase his muscle mass. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Jorge’s protein needs?

Jorge can meet his protein needs by consuming a healthy, balanced diet that is calorically sufficient to meet his activity level.

On average, an individual’s BMR decreases approximately 3 to 5 percent per decade after they reach what age?

30

A limitation in using the body mass index is that it

does not take body composition into account.

Which of the following organs does NOT assist in the digestion of lipids?

Large Intestine

Which of the following psychiatric disorders causes the most deaths among women between the ages of 15 and 24?

Anorexia Nervosa

A body weight that exceeds 100% of the normal standard for a given height is called

Morbid Obesity

Which of the following is NOT a long-term, irreversible effect of steroid use?

delayed closure of the growth plates of long bones

Which of the following enzymes is found in the mouth?

Salivary amylase

Which of the following carbohydrates is the end product of photosynthesis?

Glucose

In theory, what would be the approximate weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcal every day for four weeks (e.g., about 28 days)?

4 lbs

What dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body?

The DNA inside the nucleus of the cell

During exercise, which of the following triggers the breakdown of stored fat?

Adrenaline

Which of the following BEST describes why the body reduces nonvital body functions in untreated anorexia nervosa?

The body’s need to conserve energy

In the diet, the nondigestible parts of plants that form the support structures of leaves, stems, and seeds are known as

Dietary Fiber

Adiposity rebound occurs between what ages?

5 to 7 years

The FIT principle is

the principle that a good physical fitness program should be based on frequency, intensity, and time.

The richest dietary source of resistant starch is

Legumes

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

fructose, glucose, galactose

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is an individual’s

lean body mass.

Which of the following is NOT associated with type 2 diabetes?

Autoimmune disease

Saturated fats are found in

whole milk and beef

Which of these is the MOST important dietary aspect to modify for weight loss?

Calories

In physical activity lasting less than one hour, the MOST appropriate fluid replacement is

Plain water

The primary end product of glycolysis is

Pyruvic acid

Which of the following describes lipids?

Insoluble in water, organic

Which of the following foods contain a large quantity of saturated fatty acids?

Palm kernel and coconut oils

How many double bonds does a saturated fatty acid contain between carbons?

None

Which of the following foods are rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids?

Olive oil and cashew nuts

In phenylketonuria (PKU), which amino acid becomes conditionally essential?

Tyrosine

Ghrelin is

hunger hormone

The primary food groups emphasized in the MyPlate graphic are

grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, and protein.

Mikayla’s doctor has suggested that she increase the fiber content of her diet. Which of the following would NOT be good advice for Mikayla?

Add additional fiber by taking fiber supplements

The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients is called

the thermic effect of food

The combination of heart, lungs, and circulatory system that supplies oxygen and nutrients to working muscles is known as the

Cardiorespiratory system

The breakdown of glucose to provide quick energy to the body is called

Gylcolysis

What is meant by the overload principle?

Applying a greater load than normal to a muscle to increase its capability.

For a healthy adult consuming a standard 2,000-kcal/day diet, which of the following meets MyPlate’s recommended daily serving of fruit?

1 cup of pears (1 medium pear) at lunch and 1 cup of fruit salad with dinner

Andrea thinks that carbohydrate loading could be beneficial to her. Which of the following statements is FALSE about this practice?

Carbohydrate loading is helpful for moderately intense physical activity to maintain fitness.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the process of hydrogenation?

Hydrogenation creates a "heart healthy" product

Petra is a long-distance track athlete who would like to optimize her glycogen stores. If she weighs 132 pounds, what is the minimum amount of carbohydrate she should consume to achieve this goal?

360-600 grams

Which of the following is NOT associated with binge-eating disorder?

Purging

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in maintaining blood glucose levels?

Thyroxin

A condition marked by blood glucose levels that are below normal fasting levels is

Hypoglycemia

Insoluble fiber consumption is associated with decreased

Risk of diverticulosis

Which of the following is NOT a component of an amino acid molecule?

A fatty acid group

MOST of the proteins in the body are synthesized from

20 amino acids

The label on a box of chocolate cookies claims that they are "low-fat." By law each serving must contain

3 grams of fat or less

___________________________ does NOT describe a characteristic associated with muscle dysmorphia

purging by the use of laxative and/or vomiting at least two times a day

Which of the following BEST explains why adolescents are more vulnerable to the unrealistic media images of the "perfect body" than are adults?

Adolescents are developing their personal identity.

Approximately what percentage of children who are obese maintain their higher weight as adults?

70%

Secreted by the adrenal glands, the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine regulate blood glucose levels by

inhibit insulin release and stimulate glucagon release and glycogenolysis

Which of the following is a fat replacer?

Olestra

How many calories are potentially provided by 25 grams of fat?

225 kcal

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to be in positive nitrogen balance?

29-year-old woman who is 6 months pregnant

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

Galactose

An acid-base imbalance can result in

Coma and death

Gastric bypass surgery reduces food intake by

attaching the lower part of the small intestine to the stomach.

Over winter break, Matthew returned home and celebrated the holidays with his extended family. With all of the rich meals he enjoyed at several holiday feasts, and the plentiful snacks while watching football games, he gained 5 pounds in twenty-one days. On average, how many Calories per day did he consume in excess of his body’s needs?

833

During exercise, what source(s) of energy is/are used by the body for glucose?

Glycogen stored in muscles

Which of the following is a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids, yet neutral in flavor, making it a good choice for cooking oil?

Canola Oil

Which of the following is NOT a function of fat in the human body?

Fat makes us feel hungry

In type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease may destroy the

insulin-producing cells of the pancreas.

The electrically charged particle that assists in maintaining the body’s fluid balance is called a(n)

Electrolyte

Individuals with which untreated disease are at risk for developing ketoacidosis

Diabetes

The storage form of glucose in animals is

Glycogen

Ketoacidosis can result in

Coma and death

The insoluble fiber that provides the main structural component of plant cell walls is

Cellulose

One of your friends is trying to decrease his intake of saturated fat. Which of the following items would you recommend he choose to add to his coffee?

Fat free or 1% milk

Which of the following is NOT a health problem related to eating too much sugar?

Hyperactivity in children

Jill is 5’10" tall and weighs 167 pounds. What is her BMI (body mass index)?

24 kg/m^2

Which of the following is NOT associated with type 1 diabetes?

Obesity