FSHN 120 Test 2

The term "enriched" on a food label signifies that

A) nutrients were added to the food that have additional health benefits beyond those naturally found in the food.

B) nutrients were added to the food that did not originally exist in the food.

C) the food was processed without any artificial additives.

D) the nutrients in the food were lost during processing and then added back in.

D) the nutrients in the food were lost during processing and then added back in.

Which of the following artificial sweeteners is made from sucrose?

A) saccharine
B) aspartame
C) acesulfame-K
D) sucralose

D) sucralose

Mikayla’s doctor has suggested that she increase the fiber content of her diet. Which of the following would NOT be good advice for Mikayla?

A) Avoid excessive amounts of fiber as this could result in bloating and gas.
B) Drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day.
C) Add additional fiber by taking fiber supplements each day.
D) Purchase bread and grain products in which the first ingredient listed is "whole grain."

C) Add additional fiber by taking fiber supplements each day.

How many grams of carbohydrate per day are recommended to prevent ketosis in healthy individuals?

A) 75 grams
B) 100 grams
C) 160 grams
D) 130 grams

D) 130 grams

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

A) galactose
B) lactose
C) sucrose
D) maltose

A) galactose

Sugar alcohols are most often used in which of the following products?

A) chewing gums
B) baked confections
C) infant formulas
D) diet sodas

A) chewing gums

Saccharin use is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in humans.

A) True
B) False

B) false

Aspartame cannot be used to prepare cooked foods because

A) its amino acids form ketones.
B) once it is heated, the body cannot metabolize it.
C) heat destroys its flavor.
D) its glycemic load becomes too high.

C) heat destroys its flavor

In the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the muscles and

A) pancreas.
B) gallbladder.
C) liver.
D) kidneys.

c) liver

When fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form

A) galactose.
B) sucrose.
C) lactose.
D) maltose.

B) sucrose

People attempting to lose weight will be most successful if they limit their consumption of fat to less than 15% of kilocalories.

A) True
B) False

B) flase

The most common sterol in our diet is

A) olestra.
B) cholesterol.
C) stanol.
D) phytosterol.

B) cholesterol

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are metabolic derivatives of

A) cholesterol.
B) alpha-linolenic acid.
C) trans fat.
D) linoleic acid.

B) alpha-linolenic acid.

Fatty acids released from storage travel in the blood attached to the protein

A) methionine.
B) lysine.
C) albumin.
D) cysteine.

C) albumin

In January 2006 the Food and Drug Administration issued an optional recommendation to list the amounts of trans fatty acids on the Nutrition Facts panel of food products.

A) True
B) False

B) false

Plant fats provide 80-90% of their energy from saturated fats.

A) True
B) False

B) false

Which of the following are NOT major classes of dietary lipids?

A) glycogens
B) phospholipids
C) sterols
D) triglycerides

A) glycogens

How much trans fat is recommended in the diet?

A) 3% of total energy intake
B) 20% of total energy intake
C) as little as possible
D) 9% of total energy intake

C) as little as possible

Which of the following statements is TRUE about trans fatty acids?

A) They are found only in plant products.
B) They are made by the body in large quantities.
C) They are created during the hydrogenation process.
D) They decrease the risk of developing heart disease.

C) They are created during the hydrogenation process

The process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fatty acid and creating a more solid fat is called

A) hydrogenation.
B) pressurization.
C) emulsification.
D) deamination.

A) hydrogenation

Carlos is a healthy 19-year-old college student who is sedentary. He is 5’11" tall and weighs 175 pounds. How many grams of protein would you recommend he consume each day?

A) 64 grams
B) 75 grams
C) 84 grams
D) 55 grams

A) 64 grams

The absorption of proteins occurs in the

A) small intestine.
B) liver.
C) large intestine.
D) stomach.

A) small intestine.

Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids?

A) amine group
B) side chain
C) central carbon
D) acid group

B) side chain

A complete protein

A) contains all 20 amino acids.
B) is composed of only di- and tripeptides.
C) has not been denatured.
D) contains all 9 essential amino acids.

D) contains all 9 essential amino acids.

During transcription, mRNA copies genetic information from DNA and carries it to the cytoplasm for synthesis.

A) True
B) False

A) true

The positively charged electrolyte concentrated inside the cell is potassium, and the positively charged electrolyte concentrated outside the cell is

A) oxygen.
B) hydrogen.
C) nitrogen.
D) sodium.

D) sodium

It is necessary to eat animal-based proteins to stay healthy.

A) True
B) False

B) FALSE

Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen into its active form pepsin.

A) True
B) False

A) TRUE

Most Americans consume sufficient or excess amounts of dietary protein.

A) True
B) False

A) TRUE

Which of the following is a body protein that is stored in a gland and secreted to an organ to restore normal body conditions or balance?

A) buffer
B) enzyme
C) antibody
D) hormone

D) hormone

Which of the following BEST describes exercise?

A) any movement produced by muscles that increases energy expenditure
B) maximal force or tension level that can be produced by a muscle group
C) ability to move a joint fluidly through the complete range of motion
D) leisure physical activity that is purposeful, planned, and structured

D) leisure physical activity that is purposeful, planned, and structured

The intensity of a physical activity is defined as

A) how long a training session lasts.
B) how often a training session occurs.
C) the availability of ATP for energy.
D) the amount of effort expended.

D) the amount of effort expended

Amino acids are the primary fuel source utilized in both anaerobic and aerobic exercise.

A) True
B) False

B) FALSE

George plays basketball for his high school team, and he is concerned that he is not consuming enough kilocalories to support his activity. Which of the following would be the BEST indicator that he is not consuming adequate kilocalories?

A) low hemoglobin
B) impaired performance on the court
C) low blood glucose levels
D) weight loss

D) weight loss

In physical activity lasting less than one hour, the MOST appropriate fluid replacement is

A) sports drinks.
B) orange juice.
C) Kool-Aid.
D) plain water.

D) plain water

Glycolysis can be sustained only for a brief period of time, generally for less than 3 minutes.

A) True
B) False

A) TRUE

Marco wants to improve his cardiorespiratory fitness. Which type of activity would be the MOST effective to achieve this goal?

A) weight lifting every other day
B) yoga four times a week
C) resistance training three times a week
D) bicycling three times a week

D) bicycling 3 times a week

Substances that claim to build muscle and increase strength are called anaerobic steroids.

A) True
B) False

B) false! anabollic steroids would be the correct answer

The major fuel source used by the working muscle during long-duration physical activity is

A) glucose.
B) amino acids.
C) glycogen.
D) fatty acids.

D) fatty acids

Consuming high glycemic foods immediately after exercising can enhance glycogen storage.

A) True
B) False

A) TRUE

Which of the following ergogenic aids has been banned in the United States?

gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

An acid-base imbalance can result in ________

a. coma and death.
b. no change in the pH of the blood.
c. an increased rate of absorption in the stomach.
d. digestive problems.

a) coma and death

Which of the following is NOT associated with type 2 diabetes?

a. autoimmune disease
b. obesity
c. insulin insensitivity
d. sedentary lifestyle

A) autoimmune disease

Which of the following is NOT one of the physiological effects of regular physical activity?

decreases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)

The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients is called ________

the thermic effect of food

Which of the following individuals does NOT need to have a medical evaluation before beginning an exercise regimen?

Dinitra, a healthy, active 35-year-old-woman

Adiposity rebound occurs between the ages of 5 and ________ years

7

All of the following are examples of amino-acid containing hormones EXCEPT

testosterone

Medium chain fatty acids are ________ carbon atoms in length.

6-12

Which of the following are the preferred fuels for most body functions?

carbohydrates and fats

The FIT principle is ________

the principle that a good physical fitness program should be based on frequency, intensity, and time.

About 5 to ________ percent of our total energy output is attributable to the thermic effect of food.

10

Which of the following fatty acids is generally solid at room temperature?

saturated

To achieve moderate intensity physical activity, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a target heart rate of between 50 to ________ percent of an individual’s maximal heart rate.

70

A diet low in fiber is associated with an increased risk of developing

diverticulosis

What is meant by the overload principle?

improving fitness by placing extra physical demand on the body

Which of the following statements is FALSE about sterols?

a) The human body produces sterols.
b. Cholesterol is the most common sterol found in the human diet.
c. Sterols are found in both plant and animal foods.
d. Sterols contain a glycerol backbone and one fatty acid.

D) Sterols contain a glycerol backbone and one fatty acid.

To facilitate the digestion of dietary fats, the gallbladder stores and releases a substance known as ________

bile

Which of the following BEST describes the glycemic index?

the extent to which a given food raises blood glucose and insulin

Which of the following is NOT associated with kwashiorkor?

flat belly and abdomen

Which of the following describes lipids?

organic nutrients that are insoluble in water

Individuals with the disease phenylketonuria (PKU) should not consume the artificial sweetener aspartame. Why?

a. People with PKU experience severe headaches when they consume aspartame.
b. People with PKU are highly prone to development of diabetes.
c. People with PKU cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.
d. People with PKU are allergic to the sweetener.

c) People with PKU cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.

What is the National Weight Control Registry?

an ongoing project detailing the habits of people who have lost at least 30 pounds and maintained their weight for at least one year

A complete protein ________

contains all 9 essential amino acids

Which of the following is NOT a function of fat in the human body?

Fats make us feel hungry

Significant chemical digestion of protein begins in the ________

a. pancreas.
b. gallbladder.
c. stomach.
d. mouth.

C) stomach

In which of the following sports are male athletes at greater risk for developing bulimia nervosa?

a. basketball
b. wrestling
c. football
d. baseball

b) wrestling

The Institute of Medicine recommends that the minimum amount of physical activity needed daily is ________ minutes per day, 5 days a week.

a. 30
b. 50
c. 60
d. 40

a) 30

Which of the following types of fat is required to be listed on the Nutrition Facts Panel by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration?

a. essential fatty acids
b. trans fatty acids
c. phospholipids
d. sterols

b. trans fatty acids

What dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body?

a. the combination of proteins consumed in the diet
b. the body’s need for a protein
c. the number of essential amino acids available
d. the DNA inside the nucleus of the cell

d. the DNA inside the nucleus of the cell

Why are the B vitamins especially important to an athlete?

a. Active athletes cannot eat a sufficient amount of calories to meet the RDAs for the B vitamins.
b. Carbohydrates are a poor source of the B vitamins.
c. The B vitamins are directly involved in energy metabolism.
d. During exercise large amounts of the B vitamins are lost in the urine.

c. The B vitamins are directly involved in energy metabolism.

Which of the following does NOT define a "healthy body weight?"
Answer
a. a weight appropriate for your age and physical development.
b. a weight that is acceptable to you c. a weight compatible with normal blood pressure, lipid levels, and glucose tolerance.
d. a weight that is acceptable to society.

d) a weight that is acceptable to society

The major fuel source used by the working muscle during long duration physical activity is

a. glycogen.
b. amino acids.
c. glucose.
d. fatty acids.

d. fatty acids

All of the following are major classes of dietary lipids EXCEPT

a. sterols.
b. phospholipids.
c. triglycerides.
d. glycogens.

d. glycogens

Mucilage is a type of fiber used to

a. thicken jams and yogurts.
b. sweeten food.
c. promote regular bowel movements.
d. stabilize foods.

d. stabilize foods

A desirable total blood cholesterol level, associated with a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, is less than ________

a. 100 mg/dl.
b. 200 mg/dl.
c. 300 mg/dl.
d. 40 mg/dl.

b. 200 mg/dl.

Meat is NOT a good dietary source of glycogen. Why?

a. Most of the glycogen found in meat is broken down when the animal is slaughtered.
b. Glycogen is a protein and will be broken down by the human digestive tract before it is absorbed in the small intestine.
c. Glycogen is resistant to intestinal enzymes and cannot be broken down by the human digestive tract.
d. The highly branched structure of glycogen is difficult for human digestive enzymes to break apart.

a. Most of the glycogen found in meat is broken down when the animal is slaughtered.

When fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form ________ sugar.

a. milk
b. table
c. malt
d. fruit

b. table

The richest dietary source of resistant starch is ________

a. fruit.
b. legumes.
c. vegetables.
d. whole grains.

b) legumes

What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?

a. galactose
b. glycogen
c. glucose
d. fructose

c. glucose

Which of the following BEST explains why adolescents are more vulnerable to the unrealistic media images of the "perfect body" than are adults?

a. Adolescents are developing their personal identity.
b. The images target young people.
c. Adolescents cannot control their environment in the way adults can.
d. Adolescents cannot comprehend the objective of advertisements.

a. Adolescents are developing their personal identity.

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

a. maltose
b. lactose
c. sucrose
d. galactose

d) galactose

A/n ________ is a body protein that is stored in a gland and secreted to an organ to restore normal body conditions or balance.

a. antibody
b. buffer
c. hormone
d. enzyme

c. hormone

Which of these is the most important dietary aspect to modify for weight loss?

a. protein
b. calories
c. fat
d. carbohydrates

b. calories

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to be in positive nitrogen balance?

a. a 20-year-old female who is consuming 500 calories a day
b. a 30-year-old man with a temperature of 103.7°F
c. a 29-year-old woman who is 6 months pregnant
d. a 10-year-old boy recovering from severe burns

c. a 29-year-old woman who is 6 months pregnant

The insoluble fiber that provides the main structural component of plant cell walls is ________

a. mucilage.
b. lignan.
c. cellulose.
d. pectin.

c) cellulose

The process through which mRNA copies genetic information from DNA and carries it to the ribosome is called ________

a. transcription.
b. translation.
c. deamination.
d. denaturation.

A- trascription

Fatty-acid molecules provide much of the energy for

a. resistance training
b. long-term activity such as walking
c. intense aerobic exercise
d. high-intensity, short-term activity

B) long term activity such as walking

Which of the following is a fat replacer?

a. saccharin
b. phosphate
c. trans fat
d. olestra

d) olestra

All of the following are parts of an amino acid molecule EXCEPT

a. an acid group.
b. an amine group.
c. a fatty acid group.
d. a central carbon.

c) a fatty acid group

All of the following would be good advice for someone who is trying to gain weight EXCEPT

a. eating approximately 25 to 30% of kcals from fat.
b. not exercising.
c. eating an additional 500-1,000 kcals a day.
d. eating small, frequent meals.

b) not exercising

Which of the following hormones is released when your blood sugar is too high?

a. estrogen
b. glucagon
c. CCK
d. insulin

d) insulin

All of the following describe characteristics of the female athlete triad EXCEPT

a. disordered eating.
b. diabetes mellitus.
c. menstrual dysfunction.
d. osteoporosis.

b) diabetes mellitus

Individuals with untreated ________ are at risk for developing ketoacidosis.

a. diabetes mellitus
b. diverticulitis
c. hypertension
d. heart disease

a. diabetes mellitus

Insulin is synthesized and secreted by the

a. gallbladder.
b. liver.
c. pancreas.
d. spleen.

c) pancreas

At rest, the body’s fuel source is primarily

a. fat.
b. carbohydrate.
c. protein.
d. amino acids

a. fat

One pound of body fat is equal to ________ calories.

a. 2,500
b. 3,500
c. 3,000
d. 4,000

b) 3500

The storage form of glucose in animals found in the liver and skeletal muscle is

a. glycogen.
b. fructose.
c. raffinose.
d. starch.

A) glycogen

Leptin is a hormone produced by ________ cells.

a. adipose
b. pancreatic
c. muscle
d. liver

a. adipose

During exercise, which of the following triggers the breakdown of stored fat?

a. estrogen
b. adrenaline
c. insulin
d. lipoprotein lipase

B) adrenaline

In phenylketonuria (PKU), what amino acid becomes conditionally essential?

a. tyrosine
b. alanine
c. phenylalanine
d. cysteine

A) tyrosine

Well-planned vegetarian diets can reduce the risk of all of the following chronic diseases EXCEPT

a. heart disease.
b. cancer.
c. obesity.
d. anemia.

d) anemia

Recommended treatment for type 2 diabetes includes

a. selecting carbohydrates that are rich in fiber
b. consuming more carbohydrate and slightly less protein in the diet.
c. drinking at least two alcoholic beverages each day.
d. reducing the amount of physical activity.

a) selecting carbohydrates that are rich in fiber

All of the following are major classes of dietary lipids EXCEPT

a. phospholipids.
b. sterols.
c. glycogens.
d. triglycerides.

c) glycogens

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of carbohydrate loading?

a. gastrointestinal distress
b. water retention
c. diarrhea
d. improved performance

d. improved performance

In men, a waist-to-hip ratio higher than ________ is associated with an increased risk for chronic disease.

a. 18.5
b. 0.80
c. 30.0
d. 0.90

d. .90