Standing orders are known as _________ medical control |
indirect |
You are providing care to a patient at the scene of a motor vehicle collision. The patient has a cut on his arm that is bleeding; the blood is flowing in a steady stream. Which of the following personal protective equipment should you wear to prevent disease transmission? |
C. Disposable gloves |
Which of the following assumes that all body fluids, secretions, and excretions are potentially infective? |
D. Standard precautions |
While providing care to a patient, some of the patient’s body fluids splash into your eyes. What is the first action to take? |
A. Flush your eyes with clear water for 20 minutes |
How is malaria transmitted? |
Vector-borne transmission |
Examples of precautions and practices which can be used to protect oneself from exposure to any type of bodily substance: |
PPE-disposable gloves, masks, gown Good hand hygiene-soap and water Engineering controls -biohazard containers, sharp disposal containers Work Practice Controls Proper equipment cleaning-1 1/2 cups of bleach and 1 gallon of water Spill cleanup procedures |
When giving ventilations to a patient who isn’t breathing, which personal protective equipment is most important to use to protect you and the patient from disease transmission? |
CPR Breathing Barriers-resuscitation masks, face shield, and BVMs. |
Explain the term engineering controls: |
They are objects used in the workplace to help reduce the risk of an exposure incident (equipment) |
Give three examples of engineering controls: |
-Sharp disposal containers -Self sheathing needles -Safer medical devices |
What is the first step to take in removing gloves? |
To pinch the palm side of the glove near you wrist. |
As a general rule, an emergency medical responder should always attempt to resuscitate a patient who has no pulse and is not breathing. Under what situations should resuscitation should not be attempted? |
-With a DNR order -Obvious signs of death -Situation is too dangerous (endangering your life) |
The range of duties and skills an emergency medical responder is expected to provide to a patient in a given situation is called? |
Scope of practice |
Good Samaritan laws protect a person from legal liability when providing care in an emergency under which of the following conditions? |
D. The person acts in good faith within his or her scope of practice |
You arrive at the scene of a robbery at a convenience store where the employee was stabbed in the chest. Law enforcement personnel have secured the scene. Which of the following statements is appropriate in providing care to the patient in this situation? |
C. Take care not to disturb any item at the scene |
Prior to providing care to a patient, what is the first thing that you should do as an emergency medical responder? |
B. Identify yourself to the patient by name and level of training. |
You are providing care to a male patient who has fallen off the roof of a shed. The patient is conscious. Which of the following actions should you take first? |
A. Obtain consent from the patient to provide care. |
An emergency medical responder determines that a patient is competent under which of the following circumstances? |
D. The patient understand the emergency medical responders questions and the implications of decisions. |
An an emergency medical responder, you are expected to provide care based on specific criteria which called the _______? |
A. Standard of care |
Which of the following terms refers to a body part that is closest to the midline of the body? |
B. Medial |
The plane which divides the body horizontally is called the _____________ plane? |
A. Axial |
Which of the following body systems is responsible for fighting disease? |
D. Immune system |
____________ are structures that attach muscles to bones. |
B. Tendons |
The prefix which means "fast" is _______? |
"Tachy-" |
List the three vital organs: |
Lungs, brain, heart |
The structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity is the _______? |
Diaphragm |
The largest organ of the body is the? |
Skin |
Another name for the collarbone is the what? |
Clavicle |
Of the following situations, which one is least likely to involve moving the patient before care can be provided? |
B. A patient who was painting a house and fell off the ladder onto the grass |
Which of the following statements best reflects the principles of moving a patient? |
A. The power grip allows for maximum hand stability and strength. |
The best method to use when moving a patient with a suspended head, neck, or spinal injury is the_____? |
D. Blanket drag |
A patient lives on the third floor of an apartment building and needs to be moved to an ambulance. There is no elevator in the building and the staircase is narrow. Which of the following devices would be most appropriate to use in moving this patient? |
B. Stair chair |
Describe 3 situations in which an emergency medical responder must move a patient: |
1. Immediate danger (to yourself) 2. Gaining access to other patients 3. Providing proper care |
Under what condition is it acceptable for an emergency medical responder to use restraints on a patient? |
If a patient is aggressive or violent (in danger to themselves) in need of emergency care. |
The physical event that caused the injury is called? |
Mechanism of injury |
Which of the following actions should an emergency medical responder do first when arriving at the scene of any emergency? |
Size up the scene |
You arrive at the scene of an emergency are sizing up the scene. Which of the following would be considered least hazardous to you? |
D. A damaged vehicle on the side of the road |
How far away should you park from a fire? |
100 feet away |
You assess a patient and find that he is able to answer your questions appropriately. Using the AVPU mnemonic, you would give this patient the letter? |
A. A |
After sizing up the scene, you conduct a primary assessment of the patient. Which of the following do you evaluate first? |
D. Responsiveness |
You and other rescuer find an adult lying on the floor. One rescuer leaves to summon EMS. You conduct a primary assessment and find that the patient is unconscious, has a pulse but not breathing. Which of the following actions would be appropriate for you to take? |
A. Give on ventilation every 5 seconds |
What is the purpose of the primary initial assessment? |
To quickly identify conditions that represent an immediate threat to the patients life, so that you may properly treat them as they are found |
State and define each letter in the mnemonic of AVPU? |
A=Alert- able to respond appropriately to questions V=Verbal- responds appropriately to verbal stimuli P=Painful- only respond to painful stimuli U=Unresponsive- does not respond |
The primary reason for conducting an ongoing assessment is to: |
B. Look for any changes in the patient’s condition |
You are obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient with abdominal pain. Which statement made by the patient correlates with the "L" in a SAMPLE history? |
A. I drank a glass of apple juice about two hours ago |
Which interviewing a patient, you observe her grimacing and holding her abdomen as she changes her position. Which of the following questions would be least appropriate for an emergency medical responder to make in this situation? |
B. Why did you make that face just now? |
Which of the following is an example of a chief complaint? |
D. I was having really severe pain in my chest |
What does DOTS mean? |
D- Deformities O- Open injuries T- Tenderness S- Swelling |
What does SAMPLE mean? |
S- Signs and symptoms A- Allergies M- Medications P- Pertinent past medical history L- Last oral intake E- Events leading up to the incident |
What does OPQRST stand for? |
O-onset-what were you doing when pain started P-provocation-what makes it better/worse Q-quality-is pain blunt, sharp, burning R-region, radiate-where is the pain S-severity-scale 1-10 is- how intense pain is T-time- when did it start |
When placing a blood pressure cuff over a patient’s arm, the cuff is placed over the ___________ artery. |
Brachial |
A blood pressure is expressed as two numbers. The top number is the systolic pressure and the bottom is the diastolic. What does the diastolic blood pressure reflect? |
the force exerted against the arteries when the heart is between contractions or at rest |
An ongoing assessment is performed every _______ minutes on unstable patients and every__________ minutes on stable patients. |
5; 15 |
_________ is the point of contact between the public and emergency medical responders. |
Dispatch |
The prehospital care report (pcr) is also known as the __________ or _________ |
run report; trip sheet |
When you give two ventilations to a patient who is not breathing, you discover that the ventilations are not causing the patient’s chest to rise. What should be your next step? |
A. Re-tilt the head and give two more ventilations |
You suspect that an unconscious patient has a spinal injury. You need to leave the patient to summon EMS. The patient is breathing and has a pulse. How should you position the patient? |
D. Place the patient in the HAINES recovery position |
To open a patient’s airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver, an emergency medical responder should: |
C. Slide the fingers under the angles of the jawbone |
An emergency medical responder knows that a patient’s airway is open if: |
B. You hear air coming out of the nose and mouth of the patient |
An unconscious adult was pulled from a swimming pool When you open the airway to look, listen, and feel for breathing, the patient is taking infrequent gasps and has a weak pulse. What should you do next? |
A. Give two ventilations |
You are giving artificial ventilations to a 7-year-old boy with a resuscitation mask. How often should you give ventilations? |
C. Once evver 3 seconds |
As you are giving ventilations to an adult in respiratory arrest, the patient vomits. What is the first action that an emergency medical responder should take in this situation? |
B. Turn the patient as a unit onto his or her side |
Which of the following statements is correct in the use of a resuscitation mask? |
B. Place the broad end of the mask between the lower lip and chin |
You and a fellow rescuer are giving ventilations using a bag-valve-mask resuscitator. One rescuer positions the mask over the patient’s face. What should the second rescuer do? |
A. Squeeze the bag with both hands |
A child or an infant’s heart usually stops due to a _________ while an adult’s heart stops due to __________ |
Breathing emergency; disease |
Which statement about a bag-valve-mask (BMV) resuscitator is more accurate? |
B. A BMV must be used by two rescuers |
Suctioning can reduce the amount of oxygen reaching the lungs; therefore adult patient should be suctioned for no more than _____ seconds at a time. |
C. 15 |
The first step to take when deciding to insert an oral airway is: |
A. Ensure that the patient is unconscious |
An oropharyngeal airway (OPA) should not be used for which of the following patients? |
B. A patient who is alert and talking |
When suctioning the mouth of a patient, which of the following actions is most appropriate for the emergency medical responder to take? |
D. Apply junction while withdrawing the tip in a circular motion |
Give the contradictions to using an orpoharyngeal airway (OPA) |
-Use only on unconscious, unresponsive, with no gag reflex -Should not be used if the patient has suffered oral trauma or has recently under gone oral surgery |
Name the two types of airway obstructions: |
1) Mechanical 2) Anatomical |
A finger sweep can only be performed on an _________________ person. |
unconscious |
After removing the vomit, the patient fails to start breathing. You use your pocket mask to give ventilations. The mask must be placed so |
C. One end of the mask rests between the lower lip and the chin |
When administering back blows to an infant with a foreign body airway obstruction, the head should be |
C. Lower than the chest |
To administer chest thrust to a conscious choking infant, the EMR should use |
D. The pads of two or three fingers |
Universal sign of choking: |
Clutching throat |
To administer abdominal thrusts on a conscious, choking adult, where would you place your hands? |
Slightly above the navel |
you are attempting to dislodge a foreign body from a conscious choking adult patient when the patient suddenly becomes unconscious. What is the next step you should take? |
Gently lower the patient to the ground |
An oxygen delivery system which gives the EMR flexibility in adjusting the flow of oxygen being delivered to a patient is called: |
C. Variable flow rate |
You are preparing to administer emergency oxygen to a patient via variable flow rate system. what is the first step that an EMR should take? |
C. Check the cylinder label and makring |
When using emergency oxygen, which of the following statements is most appropriate to remember? |
C. Using grease or oil to clean the regulator could lead to an explosion |
Which statement best reflects a variable flow rate system? |
C. The flow rate can be adjusted for use with various oxygen delivery devices |
You are preparing to administer oxygen to a patient with a nasal injury. Of the following oxygen delivery devices, which one is least appropriate to use on this patient? |
B. Nasal cannula |
A fixed flow rate oxygen system is preset to administer oxygen at the flow rate of ______ liters per minute |
15 |
If the pressure gauge on an oxygen cylinder reads 200 pounds per square inch, what should the EMR do? |
Replace the oxygen cylinder with a new tank, tank is full at 1000 psi |
The most common cause of cardiac emergencies in children is |
D. Respiratory problems |
What should an emergency medical responder do if the patient shows signs of life while performing CPR/ |
D. Leave the patient on his back and perform an ongoing assessment every 5 minutes |
To deliver effective chest compressions on an adult in cardiac arrest, your hands should be placed |
On the middle of the breastbone |
Cardiac arrest is identified by the |
Absence of a pulse |
On an adult , the chest should be compressed at a depth of ____ inches during CPR. |
C. at least 2 |
The cycle of two rescuer CPR in an infant is |
15 compressions and 2 ventilations |
The correct hand position for CPR in an infant is |
One hand on the forehead and two or three fingers on the sternum just below the nipple line |
While preparing the AED for use, you notice that the patient has a medication patch on his chest. What do you do? |
Remove it with a gloved hand and wipe off chest |
You are about to apply the AED pads to an adult female patient’s chest when you notice that she has several body piercings with jewelry. What would be the most appropriate action for the EMR to take in this situation? |
Apply the chest, avoiding the jewelry. |
You are performing CPR alone when a second rescuer arrives to help. What should the second rescuer do first? |
Check to see whether EMS has been activated |
The cycle of a CPR given to a 6 year old is |
30 compressions and 2 ventilations |
What action should an emergency medical responder take if the AED gives a no shock advised method? |
Perform CPR for tw ominutes |
After applying the AED pads to a patient’s chest and plugging the pads connnector, the next stop would be to |
Tell someone to stand clear |
The most important action taken by the EMR to ensure that chest compressions are effective is to |
Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions |
The first step in the cardiac chain of survival is? |
Early recognition and access to the EMS system |
You are providing care to a patient with chest pain who may be having a heart attack. Your first action would be to |
Summon EMS |
The target number of chest compressions to give in 1 minute to an adult, child, or infant is |
C. 100 |
Where should an EMR place the AED pads on an infant or a child? |
One pad on the center of the chest and one pad on the center of the back |
The most common rhythm associated with sudden cardiac arrest |
Ventricular fibrillation |
Another term used to denote a heart attack is |
myocaridal infarction |
Four links in the Cardiac Chain of Survival: |
1. Early recognition of the emergency and early access to the emergency medical services systems 2.Early CPR 3. Early definrillation 4. Early advanced medical care |
A patient who has problems with blood sugar levels has a problem with which body system? |
D. Endocrine |
You are assessing a patient who has kidney failure and is receiving hemodialysis three times per week. The patient has been ill and has gone without hemodialysis for 5 days. What sign would you expect to see in your assessment of the patient? |
A. Generalized Edema |
You arrive at the scene of an emergency and find that the patient is in status epilepticus. Your first action would be to |
D. Summon more advanced medical personnel |
Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for an EMR to do when assessing and providing care to a patient who has a stroke? |
B. If fluid or vomit is in an unresponsive stroke patient’s mouth, position him or her on one side to allow fluids to drain out of the mouth |
You are providing care to a patient having a seizure. Which of the following actions would be a priority? |
B. Maintaining an open airway |
A stroke can best be defined as |
C. A disruption of blood flow to a part of the brain, which may cause permanent damage to brain tissue |
You are assessing an older adult for signs and symptoms of a stroke using the FAST mnemonic. What does the "T" stand for? |
D. The onset of the symptoms was 1 hour ago |
What does the F stand for in the FAST mnemonic? |
Face- ask them to smile , see if there is a droopy face |
What does the A stand for? |
Arm- ask to raise arms. Does one arm drift? |
What does the S stand for? |
Speech- ask to repeat sentence. Words slurred? |
What does the T stand for? |
Time-determine time of onset |
SCENARIO Q : Identify two priorities of first aid management for this patient: |
1. Protect airway 2. Call 911 |
Of the following signs and symptoms, which one would alert the EMR that the patient is experiencing an overdose of a stimulant? |
D. Increased heart rate |
When you arrive at the scene of an emergency, you suspect substance abuse. Which of the following would be a priority for the EMR? |
A. Summon more advance medical personnel |
A child who was bitten by a venomous snake was poisoned through which route? |
D. Injection |
Oxycodone belongs to which category of medication? |
A. Narcotic |
Caring for a person who is experiencing heat cramps should include: |
C. Resting in a cool place |
A patient was swimming in the ocean off the eastern coast of the US and was stung by a jellyfish. As an EMR, what should you do first? |
A. Flush the injured part with vinegar for 30 seconds |
The signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include: |
B. Cool, moist, pale skin |
How can an EMR establish rapport with a patient who is experiencing a behavioral emergency? |
A. Speak directly to the patient |
An EMR may place a patient in restraints for which of the following? |
C. The patient is thrashing and kicking |
An EMR arrives at the scene of an emergency where the patient is threatening to commit suicide. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate? |
C. Call for additional trained personnel and do not approach the scene |
Another name for shock is __________, a decrease in the amount of oxygenated blood being circulated to vital organs and body tissues |
hypoperfusion |
In a healthy body, what three conditions must be necessary in order to maintain adequate blood flow? |
1. The heart must be working well 2. The blood vessels must be intact and able to adjust blood flow 3. An adequate amount of blood must be circulating in the body |
Explain why the early signs and symptoms of shock are absent in young children |
Because their bodies can compensate for some of the factors that cause shock by maintaining blood pressure at normal levels |
Which of the following is characteristic of venous bleeding? |
B. It flows steadily |
How can an EMR protect oneself from disease transmission when caring for a patient who is bleeding? |
A. Wear disposable gloves |
You are attempting to control external bleeding. Which of the following steps should you do first? |
C. Cover the wound with a dressing |
You are providing care to a patient with a thermal burn injury. The patient has been removed from the source of the heat. What is the first stem that an EMR should take to provide care for this patient? |
A. Cool the burned area |
You arrive on the scene where a building has collapsed. One of the construction workers is trapped in the debris. His left leg is caught between two large pieces of cement. This type of injury is called an |
B. Crush injury |
Your patient is a 32 year old man who has sustained an electrical burn to his right hand due to a malfunctioning toaster oven. What is the first step in the care of this patient? |
D. Make sure the current is secured |
List the two "C" words that help an EMR remember the basic principles in caring for a patient with a burn |
1. Cool 2. Cover |
What is meant by the term critical burn? |
Burns that require immediate attention |
List six situation that are characterized as critical burns: |
1. When they cause difficulty breathing 2. Signs of burns around mouth and nose 3. Burn covering more than one part of body 4. Burns to head, face, neck, hands, feet 5. Partial or full burn to a child or an elderly person 6. Burns from chemical, explosions, electricity |
An object that passes through the body will have both an _____ and ______ |
entry and exit |
Your neighbor accidently spilled concentrated dry powdered weed killer bare hands and arms. He begins screaming in pain. When you go to his house, he is complaining of severe burning and itchin gof his skin. The skin is red and irritated. What is the first thing that you should do in this situation? |
C. Brush the material off with a gloved hand or towel |
You arrive at the scene of an emergency and complete your primary assessment of a patient. You notice what appears to be a bone protruding from an open and bleeding wound on the patient’s lower leg. Which of the following actions should you take? |
D. Pack the area around the wound with sterile guaze |
You are preparing to apply a splint to an open fracture of a patient’s arm. The wound is oozing blood. What is the first action that you should take? |
A. Apply a dressing over the wound |
How can a dislocation best be described? |
B. Two bones that are normally together become separated |
Another name for the collarbone is the_______ |
clavicle |
You need to stabilize a patient’s head and neck. Because the patient’s head is turned sharply to the right, what is the first action that an EMR should take? |
D. Maintain the head in the position found |
You arrive at the scene of an emergency and suspect that the patient has an imjury to her head and neck. the patient is lying on her back. How would you perform manual stabilization on the patient? |
A. Place your hands on both sides of the patient’s head |
You assess a pregnant woman who thinks she might be in labor. You suspect that she is having Braxton-Hicks contractions because |
D. all the above |
Labor can best be described as: |
B. Rhythmic uterine contractions with cervical dilation leading to the birth of the baby |
Which of the following leads you to suspect that the baby’s birth is iminent? |
C. The contractions are about 2 minutes apart |
As an EMR, you are caring for an infant with a possible broken arm and ribs. The parent’s explanation for the infant’s injurings seems questionable. In this situation, which of the following actions is a priority? |
B. Treat the infant’s injuries |
Which of the following is the most appropriate way to cool a child down who has a high fever? |
D. Remove excess clothing or blankets |
When providing care to a child with autism, Which of the following actions is most appropriate? |
B. Use verbal explanations of emotions |
You are providing care to a 3 year old boy with a respiratory problem. Which of the following should you identify as contributing to his increased risk for airway obstruction? |
C. Larger tongue within the pharynx |
You are performing a 360 degree assessment. this means that you are: |
B. Looking in all directions for possible dangers |
In which of the following emergency situations is air transport least likely to be required? |
B. A patient experiencing chest pain |
Which of the following is most appropriate to remember when assessing and providing emergency care to an older adult? |
A. Clear, slow, calm explanations are important |
A normal age-related change in an older adult is: |
D. Reduced ability to hear high-pitched sounds |
The safe and appropriate removal of a patient trapped in a motor vehicle or in a dangerous situation is called: |
B. Extrication |
Which of the following is used to manage an emergency situation and provide appropriate care? |
A. An incident command system |
Which statement best describes the National Incident Management Systems(NIMS)? |
B. It is a comprehensive framework that outlines the structures for response activities for command and management |
You are preparing to use the DuoDote antidote kit based on an understanding that the patient has been exposed to which of the following? |
B. Nerve agent |
Nerve agents are classified as to which type of weapons of mass destruction (WMD)? |
B. Chemical |
A person is trapped in a farm silo. What type of situation is this? |
C. Confined space |
First Aid Final
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