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The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________.
A) in the glandular tissue that lines the organ lumen
B) in the walls of the tract organs
C) in the pons and medulla
D) only in the esophagus because this is the only part of the tract that needs to change to accommodate food passage
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B
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The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.
A) carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract
B) collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage
C) distribute hormones
D) return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low
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B
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The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________.
A) digestion
B) absorption
C) ingestion
D) secretion
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A
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When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ______.
A) absorption
B) secretion
C) chemical digestion
D) mechanical digestion
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C
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From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.
A) muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, & submucosa
B) serosa, mucosa, submucosa, & muscularis externa
C) submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, & mucosa
D) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, & serosa
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D
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Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth.
A) There are 27 primary teeth, and the molars are permanent.
B) There are 24 primary teeth, and no new primary teeth appear after 13 months.
C) There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20.
D) There are 32 primary teeth, and most children lose these teeth due to decay because they are never very strong.
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C
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Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth?
A) There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge.
B) There are 27 permanent teeth, and the first molars are usually the last to emerge.
C) The number of permanent teeth is always equal to the number of primary teeth.
D) The number of upper permanent teeth is not equal to the number of lower permanent teeth.
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A
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Which of the following is not true of saliva?
A) cleanses the mouth
B) contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins
C) moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus
D) dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted
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B
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The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells?
A) goblet cells and squamous epithelial cells
B) parietal cells and glial cells
C) serous cells and mucous cells
D) cuboidal epithelium and ciliated columnar cells
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C
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The solutes contained in saliva include ________.
A) only salts and minerals
B) only proteases and amylase
C) mucin, lysozyme, electrolytes, salts, and minerals
D) electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA
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D
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Chyme is created in the ________.
A) mouth
B) stomach
C) esophagus
D) small intestine
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B
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There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________.
A) before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought
B) immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients
C) at the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a long period of time
D) when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required
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A
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Peristaltic waves are ________.
A) segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract
B) churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract
C) pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract
D) waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another
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D
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The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the ______.
A) portal vein
B) pancreatic acini
C) bile canaliculus
D) hepatopancreatic ampulla
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D
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Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?
A) B12
B) K
C) A
D) C
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A
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You have just eaten french fries, buttered toast, ice cream, and whole milk. Which of the following glands
would be active in helping you to digest this food?
A) the pancreas
B) the buccal glands
C) the thyroid gland
D) the parotid glands
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A
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Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria?
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Synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins
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Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.
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Bile contains enzymes for digestion
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What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?
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Enamel
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The principle enzyme for breaking down carbohydrates
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amylase
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The chief bile pigment
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bilirubin
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_____ peritoneum covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs.
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Visceral
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Ligament that anchors a tooth in the alveolus of the jaw.
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peridontal
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The round ligament is a remnant of the fetal ___
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umbilical vein
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