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frontal |
forehead bone |
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zygomatic |
cheekbone |
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mandible |
lower jaw |
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nasal |
bridge of nose |
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palatine |
posterior bones of the heard palate |
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parietal |
much of the lateral and superior cranium |
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occipital |
most posterior part of the cranium |
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sphenoid |
single, irregular, bat-shaped bone form in part of the cranial base |
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lacrimal |
tiny bones bearing tear ducts |
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maxilla |
anterior part of hard plate |
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ethmoid |
superior and middle nasal conchae formed from its projections. |
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temporal |
site of mastoid process |
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sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, and maxilla |
four bones containing paranasal sinuses |
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occipital |
condyles here articulate with the atlas |
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occipital |
foramen magnum contained here |
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hyoid |
small U-shaped bone in neck, where many tongue muscles attach. |
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temporal |
organ of hearing found here |
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vomer and ethmoid |
two bones that form the nasal septum |
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ethmoid |
bears an upward protrusion, the "clocks comb" or crista galli |
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mandible and maxilla |
contain sockets bearing teeth |
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inferior nasal concha |
forms the most inferior turbinates |
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suture |
all but one of the bones of the skull are joined by interlocking joints |
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with the exception of two paired bones the parietal and temporal, all are single bones |
with one exception, the skull bones are joined by sutures. Name the exception. |
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connects the parietal and temporal bones with the occipital bone |
what bones are connected by the lambdoid suture? |
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temporal and parietal bones on each side of the skull |
what bones are connected by the squamous suture? |
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frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid |
name the eight bones of the cranium |
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they lighten the facial bones and act as resonance chambers for speech |
give two possible functions of the sinuses |
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eye socket |
what is the orbit? |
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frontal, maxilla, lacrimal. ethnoid, sphenoid, palatine, zygomatic |
what bones contribute to the formation of the orbit? |
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since it is in contact with all other cranial bones |
why can the sphenoid bone be called the keystone of the cranial base? |
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cervical vertebral typical |
vertebral type containing foraina in the transverse process, though which the vertebral arteries ascend to each the brain. |
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axis |
dens here provides a pivot for rotation of the first cervical vertebra |
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thoracic vertebra |
transverse process faceted for articulation with ribs; spinous process pointing sharply downward. |
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sacrum |
composite bone; articulates with the hip bone laterally. |
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lumbar vertebra |
massive vertebrae; weight-sustaining |
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coccyx |
"tail bone"; vestigial fused vertebrae |
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atlas |
supports the head; allows a rocking motion in conjunction with the occipital condyles. |
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vertebral foramen |
cavity enclosing the spinal cord |
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body |
weight bearing portion of the vertebra |
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spinus process and transverse process |
provide levers against which muscles pull |
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transverse process and body |
provide an articulation point for the ribs |
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intervertebral foramina |
openings providing exit of spinal nerves |
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vertebral arch |
structures that form an enclosure for the spinal cord |
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lamina, spinous process, and vertebral foramen |
strutters that form the vertebral arch |
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spinal nerves or motor axons exit the vertebral column via the ventral root where they synapse on motor neuro ganglia, then the ventral horn. sensory nerves enter the spinal cord via dorsal horn, synapse on dorsal ganglia, and enter the spinal cord. |
describe how a spinal nerve exits from the vertebral column |
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discs and s-shaped |
name the two factors/ structures that permit flexibility go the vertebral column |
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fibrocartilage |
what kind of tissue makes up the intervertebral discs? |
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a painful rupture of fibrocartilage of discs between spinal vertebrae. it may cause compression on the spinal cord leading to pain/ possible paralysis. |
what is a herniated disc? and what problems might it cause? |
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thoracic and sacral |
which two spinal curvatures are obvious at birth? |
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under normal development. these are the cervical curvature, which develops first with infant heat lifting and the lumbar curvature, which develops next sitting up. these curvatures prepare the spine for ambulation. |
under what conditions do the secondary curvatures develop? |
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ribs and the sternum |
the major boney components of the thorax are the _______. |
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a true rib is attached to cartilage that directly articulates with the sternum |
differentiate between a true rib and a false rib. |
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neither because they aren’t directly or indirectly attached to the sternum |
is a floating rib a true or a false rib? |
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cone-shapped |
what is the general shape of the thoracic cage? |
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no some areas remain to be converted to bone |
are the same skull bones seen in the adult also found in the fetal skull? |
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the face is smaller; adult skull is 1/8th the total body length whereas the fetal skull is 1/4th total body length. |
how does the size of the fetal face compare to its cranium? and how does this compare to the adult skull? |
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these are ossification centers |
what are the outward conical projections of some of the fetal cranial bones? |
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fibrous membranes between bones of a fetal skull. it becomes bone by 22 months |
what is a fontanelle? what is its fate? |
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allows skull to be compressed during north and allows for brain growth during late fetal life. |
what is the function of the fontanelles in the fetal skull? |
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