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Match each anatomical term in the key to the descriptions given below. <b>TERM</b> |
DESCRIPTION |
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foramen magnum |
most superior boundary of the spinal cord |
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filum terminale |
meningeal extension beyond the spinal cord terminus |
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conus medullaris |
spinal cord terminus |
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cauda equina |
collection of spinal nerves traveling in the vertebral canal below the terminus of the spinal cord |
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Choose the proper answer from the following key to respond to the descriptions relating to spinal cord anatomy. <b>TERM</b> |
DESCRIPTION |
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sensory, interneurons |
primary neuron type found in dorsal horn |
|
motor |
primary neuron type found in ventral horn |
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sensory |
neuron type in dorsal root ganglion |
|
motor |
fiber type in ventral root |
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sensory |
fiber type in dorsal root |
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both sensory and motor |
fiber type in spinal nerve |
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Where in the vertebral column is a lumber puncture generally done? |
below L3 |
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Why is this the site of choice? |
meninges extend beyond spinal cord and are filled with CSF, so the spinal cord isn’t damaged |
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The spinal cord is enlarged in two regions, the <b>cervical</b> and the <b>lumbar</b> regions. |
… |
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What is the significance of these enlargements? |
the nerves serving the upper and lower limbs arise here |
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How does the position of the gray and white matter differ in the spinal cord and in the cerebral hemispheres? |
spinal cord: outer layer = white, inner layer = gray cerebrum: outer layer = gray, inner layer = white |
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Where in the body does the varicella-zoster virus lie dormant? |
in the cell body of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion |
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Do you think it’s possible to get shingles more than once? Explain your answer. |
yes – once you have the virus, you’ll always have it; it may lie dormant, but it could reactivate |
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From the key, choose the name of the tract that might be damaged when the following conditions are observed. <b>TERM</b> |
CONDITION |
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tectospinal tract, rubrospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract |
uncoordinated movement |
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lateral corticospinal tract, ventral corticospinal tract |
lack of voluntary movement |
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tectospinal tract, rubrospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract |
tremors, jerky movements |
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lateral spinothalamic tract |
diminished pain perception |
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dorsal colums (fasciculus cuntaneous and fasciculus gracilis), ventral spinothalamic tract |
dimished sense of touch |
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Compare and contrast the meninges of the spinal cord and the brain. |
both: connective tissue that covers/protects brain: dura mater = 2 layers, tightly adhered spinal cord: dura = 1 layer, epidural space |
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How can you distinguish the dorsal from the ventral horns? |
ventral horns are wider than dorsal horns and dorsal horns are closer to outer edges of spinal cord |
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In the human, there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, named according to the region of the vertebral column from which they issue. The spinal nerves are named below. Indicate how they are numbered. |
… |
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cranial nerves |
C1-C8 |
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lumbar nerves |
L1-L5 |
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sacral nerves |
S1-S5 |
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thoracic nerves |
T1-T12 |
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The ventral rami of spinal nerves C1 thru T1 and T12 thru S4 take part in forming <b>plexuses</b> which serve the <b>limbs, anterior trunk</b> of the body. |
The ventral rami of T2 thru T12 run between the ribs to serve the intercostal muscles. |
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The dorsal rami of the spinal nerves serve <b>posterior trunk</b>. |
… |
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What would happen if the following structures were damaged or transected? |
… |
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loss of sensory function |
dorsal root of a spinal nerve |
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loss of motor function |
ventral root of a spinal nerve |
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loss of both motor and sensory function |
ventral ramus of a spinal nerve |
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Define "nerve plexus." |
complex network of nerves |
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Name the major nerves that serve the following body areas. <b>NERVE</b> |
AREA |
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cervical |
head, neck, shoulders (name plexus only) |
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phrenic |
diaphragm |
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sciatic |
posterior thigh |
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tibial and common fibular |
leg and foot (name 2) |
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median and ulnar |
anterior forearm muscles (name 2) |
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musculotaneous and radial |
arm muscles (name 2) |
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lumbar |
abdominal wall (name plexus only) |
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femoral |
anterior thigh |
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ulnar |
medial side of the hand |
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