Ethics Chapter 9 Study Set

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Ethics of care does not tell us how we are to determine what will help or harm particular individuals.

True

Traditional moral philosophy has been favorable to women as evidenced by the views of Rousseau and Aristotle.

False

Michael Slote is quoted as stating that in many cultures caring behaviors are ascribed to both men and women. In which culture are they seen as feminine?

Western

According to Freud, women are morally deficient because of a focus on

relationships

For Sara Ruddick, "maternal thinking"

results from maternal practice such as rearing children AND is a way of thinking and acting AND values particular virtues important for mothering. All of the above.

Both Carol Gilligan and Lawrence Kohlberg determined that their individual research supported the idea that females and males have a different kind of ethics because of different moral language and moral reasoning used by each gender.

False

Caroline Whitbeck argues the difference between male and female morality lies in male and female reproductive capacities and experiences.

True

According to ethics of care, the female moral perspective takes a more universal and impartial standpoint in reasoning about what is morally good and bad.

False

One of the basic issues involved in trying to decide whether one type of moral perspective is better than another is that it is difficult to discern whether the male and female moral perspectives are mutually exclusive to one another.

True

Ethics of care argues that there is a female moral perspective that contrasts sharply with the male moral perspective.

True

One reason why male and female morality may differ from each other is biological differences between males and females.

True

Psychologist Carol Gilligan interviewed both male and female subjects and found there was no difference in their moral reasoning.

False

Some questions have been raised about the ethics of care including the idea that not all mothers are caring and nurturing.

True

Today feminist ethics is distinguished from an ethics of care that is sometimes called feminine ethics.

True

Which of the following is not one of the three types of explanation given for the male-female difference in morality?

Psychological similarities

Who argues that it is because women spend much of their lives mothering that women develop a morality consistent with this experience?

Ruddick

Who thought that women were inferior to men morally?

Freud

According to Noddings, the language of ethics has primarily been the language of the

Father

For Noddings the "odd" approach of women to a moral question is to not give reasons for their acts in terms of:

Universal principles

Noddings rejects an ethics of principles and universality because it ignores our subjectivity and its foundation in relation.

True

The two parties to the relation of caring for Noddings is the "one-caring" and the "cared-for"

True

Which person argued that the foundation of ethical response is formed from human caring and the memory of caring and being cared for?

Noddings

Baier argues that some writers believe it will not do to say that an ethics of care is an option that only some might choose.

True

Carol Gilligan’s research supports the research and findings of Lawrence Kohlberg.

False

For Baier the best moral theory must not be a cooperative product of women and men but must primarily focus on an ethics of care.

False

For Baier the tradition of rights has only worked against women and not for women.

False

Gilligan thinks the best moral theory is an ethic of care which is superior to male insights on justice.

False

The fourth feature of the Gilligan challenge to liberal orthodoxy according to Baier is a challenge to its typical rationalism.

True

What is wrong with the view that stresses relationships of equality according to Baier?

It runs the danger of treating those who are weaker, dependent and immature as not equals.

Feminist thought as mentioned is very unlikely to include

Emphasizing the need for patriarchal systems of thought

In which places is violence against women not a significant problem, according to the text?

Nowhere

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