According to utilitarianism, an act that makes some people happy and others unhappy can never be morally right. |
False |
The reason that Mill believes that pleasure is the only intrinsic good is because he believes that it is the only thing that everyone desires for its own sake. |
True |
Utilitarianism is a relativistic moral theory, for it recognizes that what is good in some circumstances is not always good in others. |
False |
The cost benefit analysis is used by in all of the following circumstances except. |
Deciding if one society is better than another. |
According to utilitarianism which of the following is an intrinsic good? |
Pleasure |
According to act utilitarianism, if it produces more net utility or pleasure to give money that I had promised to return to a friend to famine relief instead, then I ought to give it to the relief fund. |
True |
According to utilitarianism which of the following is useful for evaluating the morality of an action? |
The result. |
Both Bentham and Mill hold that some pleasures are better in kind than others. |
False |
Which of the following is not necessary to act morally according to utilitarianism? |
To act as the majority wishes. |
Which of the following was not one of the founders of utilitarianism? |
Rene Descartes |
According to Kant, which of the following has the highest intrinsic value? |
Personhood |
According to your text, which of the following was one of two main questions Kant asked? |
What ought I do? |
Moral "oughts" are all of the following EXCEPT |
Supported by laws |
According to Kant, the shopkeeper who charges an equal price of all her customers because she likes them is acting "out of duty." |
False |
According to Kant, because persons are ends they ought not to be used as means to ends. |
True |
According to Kant, one can do what is right and that action still may not have "moral worth." |
True |
Kant's first form of the categorical imperative is derived from the idea that moral obligation as universally binding. |
True |
According to Kant, the highest moral activity happens as a result of |
Acting out of a will to do the right thing. |
According to Kant, to act with a "good will" means to do what will benefit others. |
False |
The reason why it is wrong to make a lying promise, according to Kant, is because this act cannot be willed as a general practice without contradiction. |
True |
According to Kant the moral worth of an act is determined by its consequences. |
False |
According to Kant, moral obligations are hypothetical in nature. |
False |
According to Kant, an obligation or "ought" is categorical when it is something we ought to do in order to achieve some ends or goals that we have. |
False |
Hypothetical imperatives are |
Like suggesting we should use what works to arrive at a goal. |
According to Kant, we are morally responsible for which of the following? |
For our motive to do good or bad. |
According to Kant, it is wrong to lie in order to prevent a murder. |
True |
Which of the following best paraphrases Kant's second form of the categorical imperative? |
Don't use people unless it is in their best interest. |
"Act only on that maxim you can will to become universal law" is known as which form of Kant's categorical imperative? |
First |
Which of the following philosophers does NOT agree that there is such a thing as human nature? |
Sartre |
The Declaration of Independence draws on the theory of |
Locke |
One problem for natural rights theory is that not everyone agrees on what human nature requires. |
True |
Civil law is prescriptive and as such tells us how we ought to behave. |
True |
Locke argued all humans should be treated equally because we all have the same basic nature. |
True |
Existentialists like Sartre believe that essence precedes existence. |
False |
"Laws of nature" always refer to a natural law theory of ethics. |
False |
The idea that we know what the basic moral law requires by looking to human nature is a tenet of natural law theory. |
True |
Evolutionary theory may present a challenge to natural law theory. |
True |
The natural state of human liberty is a state of license according to Locke. |
False |
For Thomas Aquinas all laws created by humans are derived from natural law. |
False |
The idea that the basic moral law can be known by human reason is a fundamental tenet of natural law theory. |
True |
According to natural rights theory, moral requirements cannot be grounded in human nature. |
False |
Aristotle was the first philosopher to develop a complex ethical philosophy related to the ideas of natural law theory. |
True |
For Locke every person has a distinct right to punish those who transgress the natural law. |
True |
According to Thomas Aquinas, reason naturally inclines human beings to be good. |
True |