_____ is inadequate tissue perfusion. |
Shock |
Significant blood loss demands your immediate attention as soon as the _____ has been managed. |
Controlling major external bleeding is always the priority. |
The _____ only require(s) a minimal blood supply when at rest. |
muscles |
You and your partner respond to a patient who has had his hand nearly severed by a drill press. As you approach, you note that the patient is pale and there appears to be a lot of blood on the floor. The wound continues to bleed copiously. After applying a tourniquet, you write _____ and _____ on a piece of adhesive tape and apply it to the patient's forehead. |
the letters "TK"; the exact time applied |
You respond to a 25-year-old man who has cut his arm with a circular saw. The bleeding appears to be bright red and spurting. The patient is alert and oriented and converses with you freely. He appears to be stable at this point. What is your first step in controlling his bleeding? |
Following standard precautions |
_____ bleeding is any bleeding in a cavity or space inside the body. |
Internal |
A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first: |
follow appropriate standard precautions |
A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today? |
High blood pressure |
A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding? |
Apply a hemostatic agent with direct pressure |
An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost. |
100 mL |
An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the: |
body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C). |
Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the: |
ability of the blood to effectively clot |
Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include: |
pain and distension |
Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with: |
hematemesis. |
In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is: |
dizziness upon standing. |
Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by: |
applying local direct pressure |
The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to: |
how rapidly he or she bleeds. |
The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the: |
arterioles |
The systemic veins function by: |
returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart. |
Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body? |
The filtering of blood cells in the spleen |
Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured? |
Platelets collect at the injury site |
Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for 2 to 3 hours? |
Skeletal muscle |
During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should: |
repeat the primary assessment |
If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: |
a tourniquet proximal to the injury |
The function of the blood is to ____ all of the body's cells and tissues |
deliver nutrients to |
The cardiovascular system consists of all of the following EXCEPT: |
a battery |
Blood leaves each chamber of a normal heart through a(n): |
one-way valve |
Blood enters the right atrium from the: |
vena cava |
Blood enters the left atrium from the: |
lungs |
Which of the following is NOT a factor in the formation of blood clots? |
Pumping function of the heart |
The_____ is the thickest chamber of the heart |
left ventricle |
Blood contains all of the following EXCEPT: |
cerebrospinal fluid |
What part of the human body helps the cardiovascular system adapt to changes in order to maintain homeostasis? |
Autonomic nervous system |
The brain and spinal cord usually cannot go for more than ____ minutes without perfusion, or the nerve cells will be permanently damaged |
4 to 6 |
The body will not tolerate an acute blood loss of greater than ___ of blood volume |
20% |
If the typical adult loses more than 1L of blood, significant changes in vital signs, such as ___ will occur |
increased respiratory rate |
You should consider bleeding to be serious if all of the following conditions are present EXCEPT: |
no mechanism of injury |
The process of blood clotting and plugging the hole is called: |
coagulation |
Which of the following inhibits the body's ability to control bleeding? |
Medications that interfere with normal clotting |
A lack of one or more of the blood's clotting factors is called |
hemophilia |
When applying a bandage to hold a dressing in place, stretch the bandage tight enough to control the bleeding. You should still be able to ____ after the bandage is secure |
palpate a distal pulse |
If bleeding continues after applying a pressure dressing, you should do all of the following EXCEPT: |
remove the dressing and apply another sterile dressing |
When using an air splint to control bleeding in a fractured extremity, you should reassess the ____ frequently |
circulation in the injured extremity |
When treating a patient with signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock and no outward signs of bleeding, always consider the possibility of bleeding into the: |
abdomen |
Which of the following is NOT a cause of nontraumatic internal bleeding? |
Laceration |
The most common symptom of internal abdominal bleeding is: |
acute abdominal pain |
The first sign of hypovolemic shock is a change in: |
mental status |
For a patient with suspected internal bleeding, you should assess circulation by checking the pulse for: |
rate and quality |