Shock is the result of: |
A. hypoperfusion to the cells of the body. |
Capillary sphincters are: |
D. circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries. |
One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is: |
B. carbon dioxide. |
When the body senses a state of hypoperfusion, the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine, the effects of which include: |
B. tachycardia. |
When perfusion to the core of the body decreases: |
A. blood is shunted away from the skin. |
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: |
C. cardiogenic shock. |
Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT: |
C. increased preload. |
Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock? Answer: B |
B. cardiac tamponade |
Distributive shock occurs when: |
D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds. |
Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? |
C. bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation |
Patients develop septic shock secondary to: |
A. poor vessel function and severe volume loss. |
A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is warm and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing: |
A. septic shock. |
Neurogenic shock occurs when: |
A. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. |
In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: |
D. hypothermia. |
Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is MOST correct? |
D. Each subsequent exposure following sensitization often produces a more severe reaction. |
Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock? |
C. wheezing |
Temporary, widespread vasodilation and syncope caused by a sudden nervous system reaction MOST accurately describes: |
C. psychogenic shock. |
Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock? |
B. liver laceration |
Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: |
A. plasma. |
When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is MOST important to remember that: |
B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. |
Hypotension in a child with blunt or penetrating trauma is particularly significant because: |
C. it often indicates the loss of half of his or her blood volume. |
Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT: |
B. absent peripheral pulses. |
Which of the following patients is in decompensated shock? |
A. a 20-year-old female with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils |
In infants and children, a capillary refill time (CRT) that is greater than ______ second(s) is a sign of poor peripheral perfusion. |
B. 2 |
When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: |
D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting. |
All of the following conditions would make you suspect shock, EXCEPT: |
D. tachycardia. |
A 59-year-old male presents with severe vomiting and diarrhea of 3 days’ duration. He is confused and diaphoretic, and his radial pulses are absent. His blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg. After applying 100% supplemental oxygen, you should: |
D. prepare for immediate transport. |
A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? |
D. rapid transport to a trauma center |
You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should: |
C. reassess his condition in 5 minutes. |
A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to: |
C. follow standard precautions. |
You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: |
B. apply direct pressure to the wound. |
A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient’s wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient’s present condition is: |
B. cardiogenic hypoperfusion. |
A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with rapid, shallow respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: |
B. assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities. |
A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer 100% oxygen and give him epinephrine via subcutaneous injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: |
C. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. |
You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to: |
A. determine if she was injured when she fainted. |
EMT Chapter 10 Review
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