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Bacteria that __________ tend to have abundant internal membranes. |
are photosynthetic |
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Which of the following is a structure that bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes have? |
Plasma membrane |
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What are biofilms? |
Biofilms are cooperative colonies of bacteria. |
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Which of the following is a true statement concerning bacterial flagella? |
Bacterial flagella enable bacteria to move. There can be more than one flagellum on each bacterial cell. Bacterial flagella originate in and extend from the cell wall and plasma membrane. Bacterial flagella are not covered by the plasma membrane as eukaryotic cells are. |
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In an experiment, a microbiologist put equal numbers of each of the following organisms into a flask of sterile broth, consisting mostly of sugar and a few amino acids. She then placed the flask in the dark. Which of the following organisms would be most likely to survive? |
Chemoheterotrophic bacteria |
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What is the structural feature of gram-positive bacteria that results in their retaining a crystal violet dye stain and thereby being distinguished from gram-negative bacteria in a Gram-stain technique? |
gram positive bacteria have thicker cell walls |
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Which of the following characteristics is a reason why a Gram-stain to distinguish gram-positive from gram-negative bacteria is an important tool in a medical diagnosis of a bacterial infection? |
The outer membrane of a gram-negative bacterium helps protect it from the body’s defenses Certain gram-positive bacteria are resistant to antibiotics. The cell walls of many gram-negative bacteria are toxic. |
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Plasmids __________. |
often contain antibiotic resistance genes allow bacteria to survive adverse conditions replicate independently of the main chromosome are transferred from one bacterium to another by conjugation |
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Which of the following is a disease caused by bacteria? |
tuberculosis |
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What is the function of a bacterial endospore? |
to facilitate persistence in temporarily harsh environments |
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The Desulfovibrio bacterium breaks down organic matter (which it must have) and uses sulfate (not oxygen) as an electron acceptor. As a result, it produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S), accounting for the "rotten egg" smell of swamp muck. Oxygen is a deadly poison to Desulfovibrio. We would call Desulfovibrio a(n) __________. |
obligately anaerobic chemoheterotroph |
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What is a difference between the cell walls of prokaryotes and the cell walls of eukaryotes? |
The cell walls of prokaryotes are made of molecules different from those compromising the cell walls of eukaryotes |
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Portions of the genomes of certain prokaryotic species are very similar to portions of the genomes of distantly related prokaryotes. The process that most likely accounts for this genetic similarity is __________. |
horizontal gene transfer |
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Which of the following does not contribute to bacteria’s ability to evolve rapidly? |
sexual reproduction |
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Which group of bacteria is unusual in that they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls? |
chlamydias |
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Bacteria function primarily in which ecological role? |
decomposition mutualism parasitism commensalism |
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… |
photoautotrophs |
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Which subgroup of proteobacteria contains many species that are predators of other bacteria? |
Delta |
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Antibiotics administered in human medicine work against bacterial infections by __________. |
interfering with an aspect of bacterial metabolism or structure that differs from that of eukaryotic cells |
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Some prokaryotes stick to their substrate or to one another by means of hairlike appendages, each called a __________. |
fimbria |
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Choose the list below that contains the substances required by typical nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. |
Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, light, and some minerals |
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Bacterial flagella have a very complex structure composed of 42 distinct proteins. What is the most likely explanation for the evolution of these complex structures? |
exaptation |
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Which of the following is not one of the most common prokaryotic cell shapes? |
cuboidal |
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Prokaryotes found inhabiting the Great Salt Lake would be __________. |
extreme halophiles |
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Which subgroup of proteobacteria contains many species that are closely associated with eukaryotic hosts in mutualistic or parasitic relationships? |
Alpha |
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In an experiment, a microbiologist put equal numbers of each of the following organisms into a flask of sterile broth, consisting mostly of sugar and a few amino acids. She then placed the flask in the dark. Which of the following organisms would be most likely to survive? |
Chemoheterotrophic bacteria |
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An F+ bacterial cell __________. |
acts as a donor during conjugation |
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Acquiring an R plasmid would allow a bacterium to do what? |
resist antibiotics |
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Which of the following mechanisms is/are (a) means of genetic recombination in prokaryotes? |
all of the listed mechanisms are means of genetic recombination |
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Why is salt a good preservative to use for foods such as pork and fish? |
Prokaryotic cells living in the food will shrink from their cell walls, impacting their ability to reproduce. |
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