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the process of physically and chemically breaking food particles down is referred to as |
digestion |
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the _______ runs from the pharynx through the diaphragm to the stomach |
esophagus |
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the innermost layer of the alimentary canal is referred to as the _______ |
mucosa |
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the ____ sphincter, or valve, controls food movement from the stomach into the small intestine |
pyloric |
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the 3 subdivisions of the small intestine are |
duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
|
the fingerlike projections of the small intestine increase the surface area and are known as |
villi |
|
bile is formed by the |
liver |
|
cells are abundant within the large intestine that produce large amounts of lubricating mucus to aid in the passage of feces to the end of the digestive tract are called |
goblet cells |
|
the enzyme produced by the salivary glands used in the breakdown of starches is salivary |
amylase |
|
when digestion is not occurring in the small intestine, bile is stored in the |
gallbladder |
|
the process of eliminating indigestible residues from the GI tract is called |
defecation |
|
two hormones that promote the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine are |
secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK) |
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the hormone responsible for promoting the release of pepsinogens, mucus, and hydrochloric acid in the stomach is called |
gastrin |
|
hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen into its active protein-digesting form called |
pepsin |
|
the energy value of foods is measured in units called |
kilocalories (kcal) or Calories |
|
sugars and starches are types of organic compounds known as |
carbohydrates |
|
refers to all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life |
metabolism |
|
which one of the following represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal |
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
|
the fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its posterior movements is called the |
lingual frenulum |
|
which of the following is the outermost layer of the GI tract that lines the abdominopelvic cavity |
visceral peritoneum |
|
hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen to |
pepsin |
|
the small intestine extends from the |
pyloric sphincter (valve) to the ileocecal valve |
|
what organs release secretions into the duodenum of the small intestine |
liver and pancreas |
|
enzymes and bile are carried by the pancreatic duct and bile duct into the |
duodenum |
|
one of the main functions of the small intestine is |
absorption of nutrients |
|
which one of the following is not a subdivision of the large intestine |
duodenum |
|
the organ responsible for drying out indigestible food residue through water absorption and the elimination of feces is the |
large intestine |
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what is the purpose of mastication |
the chew, grind and tear food into smaller pieces while in the mouth |
|
the sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into their respective building blocks by catalytic enzymes is called |
digestion |
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we do not have the enzymes to digest |
cellulose |
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proteins are digested to their building blocks which are called |
amino acids |
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which one of the following alimentary segments has no digestive function |
esophagus |
|
which digestive system organ is the target of gastrin |
stomach |
|
pepsin is necessary for the stomach to break down |
proteins |
|
which one of the following is not a main role of the liver |
add ammonia to the blood |
|
protein matches with: pepsin, nuclease, lipase, lactase, amylase |
pepsin |
|
lactose matches with: pepsin, nuclease, lipase, lactase, amylase |
lactase |
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starch matches with: pepsin, nuclease, lipase, lactase, amylase |
amylase |
|
fat matches with: pepsin, nuclease, lipase, lactase, amylase |
lipase |
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nucleic acids match with: pepsin, nuclease, lipase, lactase, amylase |
nuclease |
|
organ where carbohydrate absorption occurs |
small intestine |
|
organ where starch digestion begins |
mouth |
|
tube through which food is propelled to the stomach but lacks a digestive role |
esophagus |
|
organ where protein digestion begins |
stomach |
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organ where pancreatic enzymes and bile enter the alimentary canal |
small intestine |
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organ where bacteria synthesize vitamin k |
large intestine |
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organ where defecation reflex is initiated |
large intestine |
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placement of food into the mouth |
ingestion |
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peristalsis moves food from one organ to the next |
propulsion |
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transport of food products from the lumen of the GI tract to the blood or lymph |
absorption |
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physically fragmenting food particles into smaller particles |
mechanical breakdown |
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elimination of indigestible food residues from the GI tract as feces |
defecation |
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enzymatic reactions that hydrolyze food particles into their building blocks |
digestion |
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name and describe the 4 layers of the GI tract |
1. mucosa is the moist innermost layer, lines cavity of the organ 2. the submucosa, contains blood vessels, nerve endings, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels 3. muscular externis, made up of circular and a longitudinal layer of smooth muscle 4. serosa, consists of 2 single layers of cells, serous fluid between two serosa levels |
|
discuss why an acidic pH is necessary for the stomachs activities to be accomplished |
HCl acid makes the stomach contents acid, which makes pepsinogen into pepsin that digests protein in stomach…without acidity about half the process of protein digestion wouldn’t be able to occur |
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