The United States is the most ________ of all cultures. |
a. multicultural |
What's the term for the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that together make up the way of life for a group of people? |
c. culture |
As a part of human culture, religion is an example of _____. |
b. nonmaterial culture |
Cars, computers, and iPhones are all example of which of the following? |
b. material culture |
Among all forms of life, humans stand out as the only species that _____. |
a. relies on culture to ensure survival |
The term "Homo sapiens", the name of our species, comes from the Latin meaning ________. |
b. intelligent person |
The concept of ________ refers to a shared way of life and the term ______ refers to a political entity. |
d. culture; nation |
The fact that instant messaging is based on a new set of symbols show us that ______. |
c. culture changes over time |
The language widely spoken by people in more nations of the world that other is _________. |
c. English |
Cultural transmission refers to the process of ______. |
c. passing cultural patterns form one generation to another |
The Sapir- Whorf thesis states that _________. |
b. people see the world through the cultural lens of their language |
Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called _________. |
d. values |
The dominant values of U.S. culture include __________. |
c. belief in individuality |
________ are rules about everyday, casual living; _________ are rules with great moral significance. |
b. folkways; mores |
Wrong-doing, such as an adult forcing a child to engage in sexual activity, is an example of violating cultural __________. |
a. mores |
_____ distinguish between right and wrong; _____ distinguish between right and rude. |
a. mores; folkways |
An act of kindness, such as opening the door for an elderly man, illustrates conforming to ________ a. mores. |
d. proscriptive norms |
Elements of social control in everyday life include shame, guilt, and ________ a. ideal culture. |
c. sanctions |
The fact that some married men and married women are sexually unfaithful to their spouses is an example of _____ culture, while the fact that most adults say they support the idea of sexual fidelity is an example of _____ culture. a. high; low |
d. real; ideal |
According to Lenski, the term "sociocultural evolution" refers to ________. |
d. changes that occur as a society acquires new technology |
Today, hunting and gathering societies ________ a. are quickly spreading around the world. |
d. are close to disappearing from the world |
In hunting and gathering societies ________ a. men and women do almost entirely the same tasks. |
b. men hunt animals while women gather vegatation |
The social standing of women and men in hunting and gathering societies is ________ a. unequal, with men controlling farming. |
b. fairly equal, with men and women each making a vital contribution to survival |
The first type of society to generate a material surplus was ________ a. hunting and gathering. |
b. horticultural and pastoral |
Agrarian technology developed based on the use of ________ a. the plow, animal power, and the development of metals. |
a. the plow, animal power, and the development of metals |
In terms of social inequality, agrarian societies generally ________ a. have much more inequality than less productive societal types. |
a. have much more inequality than less productive societal types |
Which type of human society has existed only since about the year 1750? a. Industrial societies |
a. Industrial societies |
Subculture refers to ________ a. a part of the population lacking culture. |
c. cultural patterns that set off a part of a society's population |
Harley Davidson motorcycle riders, computer programmers, and jazz musicians all display _____ patterns. a. high cultural |
d. subcultural |
Other than English, which is the most widely-spoken language in the United States? a. French |
b. Spanish |
The claim that U.S. culture is wrongly dominated by a European, and especially English, way of life characterizes our culture as a. ethnocentric. |
c. Eurocentric |
Counterculture refers to ________ a. people who differ in some small way. |
d. cultural patterns that oppose those that are widely held |
Cultural integration refers to the fact that ________ a. U.S. society contains many cultural patterns. |
c. change in one cultural pattern is usually linked to changes in others. |
The concept "cultural lag" refers to the fact that ________. |
d. some cultural elements change more quickly than others |
A good example of cultural lag is ________ a. gaining the ability to modify genetic patterns in humans before understanding the possible social consequences of doing so. |
a. gaining the ability to modify genetic patterns in humans before understanding the possible social consequences of doing so |
Cultural change is set in motion in three general ways. What are they? a. Invention, discovery, and diffusion |
a. Invention, discovery, and diffusion |
The spread of cultural traits from one society to another is called ________ a. immigration. |
d. diffusion |
A person who criticizes the Amish farmer as being "backward" for tilling his fields with horses and a plow instead of using a tractor is displaying ________ a. ethnocentrism. |
a. ethnocentricism |
The practice of understanding another culture on its own terms and using its own standards is called ________ a. ethnocentrism. |
b. cultural relativism |
Which theoretical approach states that the stability of U.S. society rests on core values shared by most people? a. The structural-functional approach |
a. The structural-functional approach |
Cultural universals are elements of culture that ________ a. have always been part of U.S. culture. |
d. are part of every known culture |
The theoretical approach that highlights the link between culture and social inequality is the ________ a. structural-functional approach. |
b. social-conflict approach |
Culture acts as a constraint, limiting human freedom because ________ a. much culture is habit, which members of a society repeat again and again. |
a. much culture is habit, which members of a society repeat again and again |
Culture is a source of human freedom because ________ a. culture does not guide behavior. |
c. as cultural creatures, humans make and remake the world for themselves |
Sociologists define a symbol as ________ a. anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture. |
a. anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture |
More than ______ people have immigrated to the U.S. between the years 1820 and 2014. a. 2 million |
d. 82 million |
The distinction between high culture and popular culture is based mostly on ________ a. how advanced the cultural pattern is. |
c. the social standing of the people who display the cultural pattern |
Multiculturalism is defined as ________ a. efforts to encourage immigration to the United States. |
c. a perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equality of all cultural traditions |
Ethnocentrism refers to ________ a. people taking pride in their ethnicity. |
c. judging another culture using the standards of your own culture |
Telling jokes is an example of ________ a. a cultural universal. |
a. a cultural universal |
Which theoretical approach gives an evolutionary explanation of why the sexual "double standard" is found around the world? a. The structural-functional approach |
d. The sociobiology approach |