Cs exam #2

Magnetic RAM (MRAM) uses ____ rather than an electrical charge to store data.

magnetic polarization

Like graphics data, ____—such as a song or the sound of someone speaking—must be in digital form in order to be stored on a storage medium or processed by a computer.

audio data

Single-core CPUs allow computers to work simultaneously on more than one task at a time

False

Case 2-1 Jess is a musician who has just bought a new computer. Now she need to figure out how to connect this computer to the devices that were connected to her old computer.
To connect her external hard drive, in which all of her music files are stored, to the computer, Jess needs to use a ____.

USB port

The system unit is the main case of a computer or mobile device.

True

One measurement of the speed of a CPU is the ____, which is rated in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).

CPU clock speed

A ____ is the smallest unit of data that a binary computer can recognize.

bit

Terascale computing is the ability of a computer to process one ____ floating point operations per second (teraflops).

trillion

To convert analog sound to digital sound, several thousand samples—digital representations of the sound at a particular moment—are taken every second.

True

The main circuit board inside the system unit is called the megaboard.

False

Most recent software programs, including the latest versions of Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Microsoft Office, use ASCII. _________________________

False

A ____ is approximately 1,000 bytes.

kilobyte (KB)

The process of representing data in a form that can be understood by a digital computer is called decimal byte representation.

False

The control unit takes the instructions fetched by the prefetch unit and translates them into a form that can be understood by the control unit, ALU, and FPU.

False

The numbering system we commonly use is called the decimal numbering system because it uses ____ symbols to represent all possible numbers.

10

Virtually all personal computers come with a(n) ____ that is used to store most programs and data.

hard drive

To keep files organized, related documents are often stored in ____ (also called directories) located on the storage medium.

folders

Conventional RAM is volatile.

True

____ means that data can be retrieved directly from any location on the storage medium, in any order.

Random access

CD-ROM discs and DVD-ROM discs are ____ optical discs that come prerecorded with commercial products.

read-only

A ____ is a place to store something temporarily.

cache

One type of storage device that is sometimes used with computers for backup purposes and that uses sequential access is a ____.

magnetic tape drive

Rodney owns a computer that he uses to work, keep in touch with friends and family, watch movies, listen to music, and use the Internet.
Rodney wants to be able to easily carry files with him wherever he goes but he also has a tendency to lose things. Knowing this, he should probably save those files on a ____ drive which he can then attach to his backpack.

USB flash

Most large storage systems are based on magnetic hard disks, although some systems can use a combination of magnetic and solid-state drives. _________________________

True

A storage medium is inserted into its corresponding ____ in order to be read from or written to.

storage device

Although cost is a factor when comparing similar devices, it is often not the most compelling reason to choose a particular technology.

true

Virtually all computer users will need at least one convenient USB port to be used to connect external hard drives, USB flash drives, printers, mice, and other USB-based hardware.

True

Internal hard drives are not designed to be removed, unless they need to be repaired or replaced.

True

Conventional CD discs use ____ lasers.

infrared

Partitions are sometimes referred to as ____.

logical drives

Plasma displays use a layered technology like LCD and ____ and look similar to LCD displays.

OLED

In a printer, the number of ____ affects the quality of printed output.

dots per inch (dpi)

Digital still cameras most often use ____ cards for storage.

flash memory

The ____ used to be the norm for desktop computers.

CRT monitor

Print speed is typically measured in ____.

pages per minute (ppm)

Automating the data entry process is referred to as source data automation.

True

____ keys on a keyboard are used for issuing commands in some programs.

Function

Wired displays connect to a computer or other device (such as to a smartphone) using a wireless networking connection such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or a special wireless standard designed for transmitting multimedia.

False

Display devices can be ____ displays, in which each pixel can only be one of two colors, such as black or white.

monochrome

Case 4-2 Lisa is a student who regularly uses the computers at her local Internet café to listen to music, talk to her friends and family through the Internet, and play computer games.
Lisa needs to make sure that the computer that she is using has a ____ attached to it for her to be able to hear music and the sounds of a computer game.

speaker

____ form images by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto the page, one printed line at a time.

Ink-jet printers

The number of bits used to store color information about each pixel is called ____.

bit depth

In addition to a keyboard, most computers today are used in conjunction with some type of pointing device.

True

CRT monitors use ____.

analog signals

Keyboards can be built into a device, attached by inserting the keyboard’s wired cable or ____ into a USB port, or connected via a wireless networking connection such as Bluetooth.

wireless receiver

The bus width and bus speed together determine the bus’s ____.

bandwidth

Terascale computing is the ability of a computer to process one ____ floating point operations per second (teraflops).

trillion

The ____ orders data and instructions from cache or RAM based on the current task.

prefetch unit

There are buses inside the CPU, as well as on the memory channel.

False

To help you identify USB 3 ports, they are colored red.

False

A computer ____ is the amount of data (typically measured in bits or bytes) that a CPU can manipulate at one time.

word

The ____ allows a core to communicate with other CPU components, such as the memory controller and other cores.

bus interface unit

The process of representing data in a form that can be understood by a digital computer is called decimal byte representation.

false

Magnetic RAM (MRAM) uses ____ rather than an electrical charge to store data.

magnetic polarization

The number of bits being transmitted at one time is dependent on the bus width.

true

ASCII is the coding system traditionally used with personal computers.

true

Because of its large size, audio data is usually encrypted to reduce its file size when it is transmitted over the Internet or stored on a smartphone or another device. _________________________

false

To connect multiple USB devices to a single USB port, a ____ can be used.

USB hub

Unlike ASCII and EBCDIC, Unicode is a universal international coding standard designed to represent text-based data written in any ancient or modern language, including those with different alphabets.

true

The backside bus (BSB) has been one of the most common types of expansion buses in past years.

False

Today’s CPUs contain hundreds of millions of transistors, and the number doubles approximately every 18 months, a phenomenon known as Moliere’s Law

false

Cache memory today is usually external cache.

False

One nanometer (nm) is ____ of a meter.

one-billionth

Early computers required programs to be written in machine language.

true

The number of bits being transmitted at one time is dependent on the bus width.

true

The ____ orders data and instructions from cache or RAM based on the current task.

prefetch unit

To create 3D RAM or flash memory chips, the memory cells are stacked on top of one another in layers.

True

The backside bus (BSB) has been one of the most common types of expansion buses in past years.

false

The process of representing data in a form that can be understood by a digital computer is called decimal byte representation.

false

____ consists of nonvolatile memory chips that can be used for storage by the computer or the user.

flash memory

To convert analog sound to digital sound, several thousand samples—digital representations of the sound at a particular moment—are taken every second.

True

A circuit board is a thin board containing ____ and other electronic components.

computer chips

The system unit is the main case of a computer or mobile device. _________________________

true

With bitmapped images, the color of each ____ is represented by bits; the more bits used, the better the image quality.

pixel

The buses that connect peripheral (typically input and output) devices to the motherboard are often called expansion buses.

true

Because of its large size, audio data is usually encrypted to reduce its file size when it is transmitted over the Internet or stored on a smartphone or another device. _________________________

false

Some basic capabilities are often integrated directly into the motherboard instead of requiring the use of an expansion card.

true

today’s CPUs are formed using a process called ____ that imprints patterns on semiconductor materials.

lithography

The ____ takes instructions from the prefetch unit and translates them into a form that the control unit can understand.

decode unit

Thunderbolt ports are used to receive wireless transmissions from devices.

false

Jack has a computer at home that he uses to access the Internet, store and edit personal photos, and create and edit documents. Recently, he has come to realize that in order to keep the computer performing at its best, he needs to carry out regular system maintenance on the computer.
Since Jack has a Windows system, he can right-click a hard drive icon in File Explorer, select Properties, and then select the ____ option on the Tools tab to check that hard drive for errors.

check

Most computers today support the ____ standard, which means the computer automatically configures new devices as soon as they are installed and the computer is powered up.

Plug and Play

The ____ allows 127 different devices to connect to a computer via a single USB port on the computer’s system unit.

USB standard

USB ports are used to connect a computer to a phone outlet via telephone connectors.

False

____ have begun to replace ROM for storing system information, such as a computer’s BIOS.

Flash memory chips

As a hard drive begins to get full, it takes less time to locate the data stored on the hard drive.

False

One measurement of the speed of a CPU is the ____, which is rated in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).

CPU clock speed

Benchmark tests typically run the same series of programs on several computer systems that are identical except for one component (such as the CPU) and measure how long each task takes in order to determine the overall relative performance of the component being tested. _________________________

True

Eight bits grouped together are collectively referred to as a ____.

byte

Case 2-1 Jess is a musician who has just bought a new computer. Now she need to figure out how to connect this computer to the devices that were connected to her old computer.
Jess has pictures from her old computer saved on a flash memory card. To transfer these to her new computer, she will insert the card into a(n)

slot

Case 2-2 Jack has a computer at home that he uses to access the Internet, store and edit personal photos, and create and edit documents. Recently, he has come to realize that in order to keep the computer performing at its best, he needs to carry out regular system maintenance on the computer.
Since Jack has a Windows system, he can right-click a hard drive icon in File Explorer, select Properties, and then select the ____ option on the Tools tab to check that hard drive for errors.

check

The ____ is the section of a CPU core that performs arithmetic involving integers and logical operations.

ALU

Jack has a computer at home that he uses to access the Internet, store and edit personal photos, and create and edit documents. Recently, he has come to realize that in order to keep the computer performing at its best, he needs to carry out regular system maintenance on the computer.
Since Jack has a Windows system, he can right-click a hard drive icon in File Explorer, select Properties, and then select the ____ option on the Tools tab to check that hard drive for errors.

check

Most recent software programs, including the latest versions of Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Microsoft Office, use ASCII. _________________________

false

The binary numbering system uses only two symbols—the digits 0 and 1—to represent all possible numbers.

true

Each machine language instruction in a CPU’s instruction set is broken down into several smaller, machine-level instructions called supercode.

false

____ are small components typically made out of aluminum with fins that help to dissipate heat.

heat sinks

Jack has a computer at home that he uses to access the Internet, store and edit personal photos, and create and edit documents. Recently, he has come to realize that in order to keep the computer performing at its best, he needs to carry out regular system maintenance on the computer.
Jack can use the ____ program to locate and delete temporary files, such as installation files, Web browsing history, and files in the Recycle Bin.

windows disk cleanup

Network ports are used to connect a computer to a computer network via a networking cable—typically a cable using a(n) ____, which looks similar to a telephone connector but is larger.

RJ-45 connector

The control unit takes the instructions fetched by the prefetch unit and translates them into a form that can be understood by the control unit, ALU, and FPU.

false

ASCII is the coding system traditionally used with personal computers.

true

Because of its large size, audio data is usually encrypted to reduce its file size when it is transmitted over the Internet or stored on a smartphone or another device.

false

Each place value in a binary number represents ____ raised to the appropriate power.

2

Today’s CPUs are formed using a process called ____ that imprints patterns on semiconductor materials.

lithography

A(n) ____ instruction might look like a meaningless string of 0s and 1s, but it actually represents specific operations and storage locations.

machine language

Pipelining increases the number of machine cycles completed per second.

true

Unlike ASCII and EBCDIC, Unicode is a universal international coding standard designed to represent text-based data written in any ancient or modern language, including those with different alphabets.

true

Each machine language instruction in a CPU’s instruction set is broken down into several smaller, machine-level instructions called supercode. _________________________

false

The key element of the microprocessor is the ____—a device made of semiconductor material that controls the flow of electrons inside a chip.

transistor

The buses that connect peripheral (typically input and output) devices to the motherboard are often called expansion buses.

true

The JPEG images taken by most digital cameras today use 24-bit __

true color images

Processors consist of a variety of circuitry and components that are packaged together and connected directly to the motherboard. _________________________

true

The term ____ refers to chip-based storage.

memory

Video data—such as home movies, feature films, video clips, and television shows—is displayed using a collection of ____.

frames

Each location in memory has an address.

true

The ____ cards used with mobile phones today are a special type of smart card.

SIM

A ____ partition contains the data necessary to restore a hard drive back to its state at the time the computer was purchased and is designed to be used only if the computer malfunctions.

recovery

Computer tapes are read by tape drives, which can be either an internal or an external piece of hardware. _________________________

true

. Conventional CD discs use ____ lasers.

infared

The types of ____ systems used with personal and business computers today include smart cards.

storage

RAID 0 uses disk ____, which spreads files over two or more hard drives.

striping

Rodney owns a computer that he uses to work, keep in touch with friends and family, watch movies, listen to music, and use the Internet.
If Rodney wants to record music files onto a CD, he needs to make sure that his operating system has CD-____ capabilities.

burning

An external flash memory card reader that connects via an RJ14 port can be used when the destination device doesn’t have a built-in reader.

false

Most computer tapes today are in the form of ____ tapes.

cartridge

Media that allow random access are sometimes referred to as ____ media.

addressable

Enterprise storage systems typically use fast Fibre Channel or ____ connections and are scalable so more hard drives can be added as needed up to the maximum system capacity.

iSCSI

In terms of functionality, the distinction between NAS and HHD is blurring because they both provide storage services to the network. _________________________

false

Dan is a small business owner who depends on his computer to keep track of customer and sales data. He is investigating storage options because it is critical for him to ensure that his data is safe in the event of a computer failure.
A friend of Dan suggests to him that he can use an external hard drive for his data storage and backup needs. To use an external hard drive, Dan should make sure that his computer has an available USB or ____ port.

thunderbolt

With a DVD, the storage medium and the storage device are permanently sealed together to form one piece of hardware called a fixed-media storage system.

False

Storage media are volatile.

false

Regardless of how storage devices are connected to a computer, ____ and/or names are typically assigned to each storage device.

letters of the alphabet

One or more adjacent sectors form a(n) track, the smallest amount of disk space that can be used to hold a file.

false

To write to, erase, or overwrite rewritable optical discs, track change technology is used. _________________________

false

____ means that data can be retrieved directly from any location on the storage medium, in any order.

random access

Remote storage services accessed via the Internet are often referred to as cloud storage or online storage. These services can be provided either as a stand-alone service or as part of a cloud computing service.

true

Traditionally, the magnetic particles on a hard disk have been aligned vertically, perpendicular to the hard disk’s surface.

false

The data on a(n) read-only disc cannot be erased, changed, or added to because the pits that are molded into the surface of the disc when the disc is produced are permanent. _________________________

true

The surface of a hard disk is organized into tracks and pie-shaped groups of ____.

sectors

With random access, the data can only be retrieved in the order in which it is physically stored on the medium. ________________

false

There are two parts to any storage system: the storage processor and the storage device. __

false

To speed up magnetic hard drive performance, ____ is often used.

disk caching

Lisa is a student who regularly uses the computers at her local Internet café to listen to music, talk to her friends and family through the Internet, and play computer games.
The Internet café has recently enacted a new policy that says that all users must use the ____ attached to their computers when carrying out activities on the computer that will provide sound, so as to not disturb the other users.

headphones

Graphics tablets are often used in conjunction with image editing software to create original images or to modify digital photographs.

true

CRT monitors use digital signals to display images, which allows for sharper images.

false

LCD panels used with computer monitors typically include a light, usually at the rear of the display device—a technique referred to as ____ .

backlighting

Wired displays connect to a computer or other device (such as to a smartphone) using a wireless networking connection such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or a special wireless standard designed for transmitting multimedia.

false

A ____ is the smallest colorable area on a display device.

pixel

The most common HD format is 1080p, which uses a screen resolution of 1,920 Χ 1,080 and displays screen images one line at a time, called ____.

progressive display

Printers produce soft copy.

false

Lisa is a student who regularly uses the computers at her local Internet café to listen to music, talk to her friends and family through the Internet, and play computer games.
Lisa needs to make sure that the computer that she is using has a ____ attached to it for her to be able to hear music and the sounds of a computer game.

speaker

Notebook and netbook computers usually have a keyboard that is similar to a desktop keyboard, but it is typically smaller.

true

A(n) ____ is a flat, touch-sensitive device used in conjunction with a digital pen.

graphics tablet

The number of digital photos that can be stored in a camera at one time depends only on the capacity of the card being used.

false

When comparing the zoom capabilities of a digital camera, look for optical zoom, not digital zoom, specifications.

true

TOLED displays are transparent

true

Images need to be scanned at a lower resolution if the image will be enlarged significantly.

false

A ____ typically rests on the desk or other flat surface close to the user’s computer, and it is moved across the surface with the user’s hand in the appropriate direction to point to and select objects on the screen.

mouse

With handwriting recognition, the computer interprets data handwritten with a digital pen as individual characters.

true

A graphics tablet is also called a digitizing tablet.

true

Digital camcorders are similar to conventional ____ camcorders.

analog

Optical zoom specifications reflect how much the camera can zoom without losing image quality. _________________________

true

____ keys on a keyboard are used for issuing commands in some programs.

function

____ are particularly useful for individuals who need to scan barcodes while on the go.

Portable barcode readers

Most printers today are impact printers. _

false

One of the most common 2D barcodes, the ____ code represents data with a matrix of small squares.

QR

In a printer, the print ____ affects the quality of the printed output.

resolution

____ are used to input data about a person so that the individual’s identity can be verified based on a particular unique physiological characteristic.

Biometric readers

A(n) ____ is used to display output from a computer to a wall or projection screen.

data projector

The video card or the integrated graphics component determines the graphics capabilities of the computer. _________________________

true

Digital video cameras include digital camcorders and small digital video cameras used in conjunction with computers and other devices.

true

Optical marks are characters specifically designed to be identifiable by humans as well as by an OCR device. __

false

A ____ is a large screen computer either built into a table or designed to be used on a table that allows multi-touch input from multiple users.

table pc

A ____ is an optical code that represents data with bars of varying widths or heights.

barcode

Display device size is measured diagonally from corner to corner as opposed to the way TV screens are measured.

false

Each pixel on an LCD display emits visible light in the necessary color.

false

Case 4-1
Stacey is the office manager for a small business and is looking for a new printer and scanner for her office.
After doing some research into printers, Stacey decides to buy a(n) ____ printer, since they are the standard for business documents and are typically faster and have better quality output than other types of printers.

laser

____ are designed to scan flat objects one page at a time.

Flatbed scanners

Portable barcode readers are always used in point-of-sale (POS) systems.

False

The number of digital photos that can be stored in a camera at one time depends only on the capacity of the card being used.

False

One or more adjacent sectors form a(n) track, the smallest amount of disk space that can be used to hold a file.

False

A ____ is a separate piece of hardware containing multiple high-speed hard drives.

Storage Server

Dan is a small business owner who depends on his computer to keep track of customer and sales data. He is investigating storage options because it is critical for him to ensure that his data is safe in the event of a computer failure.
As Dan is very concerned about maintaining the security of his business data, he should look for an external hard drive that comes with built-in ____.

Encryption

CD-ROM discs and DVD-ROM discs are ____ optical discs that come prerecorded with commercial products.

read-only

Regardless of how storage devices are connected to a computer, ____ and/or names are typically assigned to each storage device.

letters of the alphabet

Optical discs are thin circular discs made out of polycarbonate substrate. _________________________

true

A common RAID technique is disk mirroring, in which data is written to two duplicate drives simultaneously.

true

There are two parts to any storage system: the storage processor and the storage device. _________________________

False

With rewritable optical media, the laser permanently alters the disc surface.

False

Partitions are sometimes referred to as ____.

Logical drive

The most common internal hard drive interface standard for desktop computers today is serial ATA. _________________________

True

One or more adjacent sectors form a(n) track, the smallest amount of disk space that can be used to hold a file. _________________________

False

Most computer tapes today are in the form of ____ tapes.

cartridge

Remote storage services accessed via the Internet are often referred to as cloud storage.

True

RAID 0 uses disk ____, which spreads files over two or more hard drives.

a striping

Some new personal computers come with two partitions: a C drive partition ready to use for programs and data and a D drive partition set up as a recovery partition.

true

When hard drives containing critical data become damaged, systems design firms may be able to help out. _________________________

false

Internal hard drives are not designed to be removed, unless they need to be repaired or replaced. _____________

true

Storage devices can be internal (located inside the system unit), external (plugged into an external port on the system unit), or remote (located on another computer).

true

External hard drives typically connect to a computer via an external port (such as a USB or ____ port) or a wireless connection.

thunderbolt

____ optical discs can be written to, erased, and overwritten just like magnetic hard disks.

Rewritable

The video card or the integrated graphics component determines the graphics capabilities of the computer. ______________

True

Digital camcorders are similar to conventional ____ camcorders.

analog

Most printers today are impact printers. ______

False

The most common flat-panel technologies include liquid crystal display (LCD), various types of light emitting diode (LED), ____, and e-paper.

gas plasma

Computer speakers are the most common type of audio output device.

true

LCD displays use layers of organic material, which emit a visible light when electric current is applied. _

false

Stacey is the office manager for a small business and is looking for a new printer and scanner for her office.
When buying a scanner, Stacey needs to make sure that the scanner has a high enough ____, usually measured in the number of dots per inch (dpi), for the business needs of the office.

optical resolution

RAM capacity is measured in bits. ___

False

ROM (read-only memory), also called main memory or system memory, is used to store the essential parts of the operating system while the computer is running.

False

The ____ is the section of a CPU core that performs arithmetic involving integers and logical operations.

ALU

Benchmark tests typically run the same series of programs on several computer systems that are identical except for one component (such as the CPU) and measure how long each task takes in order to determine the overall relative performance of the component being tested.

True

ASCII is the coding system traditionally used with personal computers.

True

Processors consist of a variety of circuitry and components that are packaged together and connected directly to the motherboard. _________________________

True

Unlike ASCII and EBCDIC, Unicode is a universal international coding standard designed to represent text-based data written in any ancient or modern language, including those with different alphabets.

True

A storage medium is inserted into its corresponding ____ in order to be read from or written to.

Storage Device

Traditionally, the magnetic particles on a hard disk have been aligned vertically, perpendicular to the hard disk’s surface.

False

With a DVD, the storage medium and the storage device are permanently sealed together to form one piece of hardware called a fixed-media storage system.

False

Computer tapes are read by tape drives, which can be either an internal or an external piece of hardware. ___

True

Often the storage device and storage medium are two separate pieces of hardware (that is, the storage medium is ____).

Removable

SSDs are not subject to mechanical failures like magnetic hard drives, and are more resistant to shock and vibration.

True

There are two parts to any storage system: the storage processor and the storage device. __________________

False

The time required to move the read/write heads to the cylinder that contains (or will contain) the desired data is called ____.

Seek time

Optical marks are characters specifically designed to be identifiable by humans as well as by an OCR device. _________________________

False

One of the most common 2D barcodes, the ____ code represents data with a matrix of small squares.

QR

Touch screens allow the user to touch the screen with his or her finger to select ____ or otherwise provide input to the device associated with the touch screen.

Commands

LCD displays use layers of organic material, which emit a visible light when electric current is applied. __

False

LCD displays do not use backlighting, which makes them energy efficient and lengthens the battery life of portable devices using these displays. _________________________

False

Scanners produce images through either impact or nonimpact technologies. _

False

The term phosphorescence refers to a process that results in much more conversion of electrical energy into light instead of heat.

True

One-dimension (1D) barcodes contain data only vertically.

False

When comparing the zoom capabilities of a digital camera, look for optical zoom, not digital zoom, specifications.

True