|
The Executive Sessions on Policing focused and debated on the use and price of: a. rolling traffic enforcement |
d. community policing |
|
Which of the following was not one of the corporate strategies of policing described by the Executive Sessions on Policing? a. team policing |
a. team policing |
|
In the 1960s, changes in police management led to the abandonment of: a. bicycle patrol |
c. foot patrol |
|
Many believe that modern community policing began with James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling’s article "’____________________’: The Police and Neighborhood Safety." a. Littered Streets |
c. Broken Windows |
|
Which of the following is not one of the human behaviors found by Wesley Skogan to be extremely disruptive to the community? a. public drinking |
b. youths firing gunshots into the air |
|
Which of the following is not one of the most important benefits of community policing, according to the scholar Herman Goldstein? a. a more realistic acknowledgment of police functions |
d. community control of the police |
|
With incident-driven policing, officers tend to respond to similar incidents at the same location: a. once |
d. numerous times |
|
The concept of problem-solving policing can be attributed to: a. James Q. Wilson |
d. Herman Goldstein |
|
According to Herman Goldstein, traditional policing is: a. incident driven |
a. incident driven |
|
Problem-oriented policing involves officers dealing with the: a. underlying causes of incidents |
a. underlying causes of incidents |
|
When officers reach the assessment process in the SARA model of problem-solving, officers: a. plan further strategic movements |
c. evaluate the effectiveness of the response |
|
Who founded the National Center for Community Policing in East Lansing, Michigan? a. Robert C. Trojanowicz |
a. Robert C. Trojanowicz |
|
The problem-oriented policing process necessitates improving various skill sets. One of those skill sets is: a. scanning |
d. communication |
|
What involves a continued reliance on traditional policing operations? a. strategic policing |
a. strategic policing |
|
Analyzing crime issues to determine the underlying problems and addressing those underlying problems is referred to as: a. zero-tolerance policing |
b. problem-solving policing |
|
The Office of Community Policing Services (COPS) is part of the ____________________. a. NIJ |
a. NIJ |
|
The Regional Community Policing Institutes (RCPIs) are part of the _____ program. a. TOPS |
b. COPS |
|
More than ____________________ RCPIs provide regional community policing training and technical assistance to law enforcement around the country. a. 5 |
d. 30 |
|
Newark, New Jersey, has been using the broken windows theory for more than 10 years and has seen violent crime cut by nearly ____________________ percent. a. 43 |
d. 73 |
|
The 41st Precinct in the Bronx was nicknamed: a. Little China |
d. Fort Apache |
|
What is the philosophy of empowering citizens and developing a partnership between the police and the community to work together to solve problems? a. community policing |
a. community policing |
|
In what decade did increases in crime, technological advances, and changes in police management thinking lead to the reduction of police foot patrols and their resultant ties to the community? a. 1920s |
c. 1960s |
|
The real responsibility for proper police-community relations rests with ____________________. a. the police chief |
c. every police officer |
|
Community-oriented policing is an approach toward crime that addresses the underlying causes of crime and endeavors to apply ____________________ problem solving to the issue through improved police-community relationships. a. rule-of-law |
b. long-term |
|
David L. Carter of Michigan State University explains that community policing: a. suddenly materialized as a new idea |
b. evolved over time from research conducted by a wide range of scholars |
|
A very early attempt at community policing involving the development of decentralized neighborhood-based precincts that served as "storefront" police stations was tried in what city? a. Detroit |
a. Detroit |
|
What was the role of the New York City Police Department’s Community Patrol Officer Program? a. to serve high-risk warrants |
d. identification of neighborhood problems and development of short- and long-term strategies for solving them |
|
In "Broken Windows" and Police Discretion, George L. Kelling notes that the community policing model ____________________ the use of police discretion among officers at all levels of the organization. a. reduces and limits |
c. expands and encourages |
|
Texas State University-San Marcos worked with the San Marcos, Texas, Police Department to develop the ____________________ campaign. a. Achieving Community Together (ACT) |
a. Achieving Community Together (ACT) |
|
Officers practicing incident-driven policing: a. seek to determine the underlying causes of incidents |
c. tend to respond to similar incidents at the same location numerous times |
|
Which of the following is not part of a community policing operation? a. kiosks |
d. motorcycle traffic control |
|
Community-oriented policing strategies have proven successful in: a. only cities with a population over 50,000 |
d. cities of all sizes |
|
The biggest recent threat to community policing and, consequently, the biggest criticism of community policing initiatives is: a. the initial startup costs |
b. the inability to keep police departments fully staffed and to keep money flowing to these initiatives |
|
Many large cities that are faced with rising crime problems are eager to hire administrators who are familiar with CompStat and "broken windows" policing and who came up under this successful police chief: a. Jimmy Johnson |
c. William Bratton |
|
According to the author, the police should be seen by the community as: a. an army of occupation |
c. part of the community |
|
Everything done with each other as human beings in all kinds of relationships is the definition of: a. community relations |
c. human relations |
|
The President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice reported in 1967 that police relations with minority groups had: a. sunk to explosively low levels |
a. sunk to explosively low levels |
|
The police-community relations movement (PCR) developed out of the: a. efforts at team policing in the 1950s |
c. riots and civil disorders of the 1960s |
|
The human relations training program that is designed to provide participants an opportunity to learn more about themselves and their impact on others is called: a. objectivity training |
b. sensitivity training |
|
In a nationwide poll asking people how much confidence they have in the police, 56 percent answered: a. a great deal |
a. a great deal |
|
James Q. Wilson said that the single most striking fact about the attitudes of citizens, both black and white, toward the police is that these attitudes generally are: a. apathetic |
c. positive |
|
In 2005, Hispanics surpassed African Americans as the largest minority group when they reached 14.5 percent of the population. In 2010, Hispanics represented _____ percent of the population. a. 12 |
d. 16 |
|
Most police officers feel that the public: a. does not support the police |
a. does not support the police |
|
Most of the tension between police officers and members of minority groups has focused on police relationships with: a. Hispanics |
c. African Americans |
|
According to the author, one of the best ways to improve relationships between the police and minority groups is to: a. enforce the law differentially against minority group members |
c. ensure that minority groups are adequately represented in a jurisdiction’s police department |
|
What landmark 1954 Supreme Court case ended legal segregation of the races? a. Mapp v. Ohio |
c. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka |
|
The Police Explorer program is part of the _____ organization. a. Camp Fire |
b. Boy Scouts of America |
|
As many as _____ million people are victims of violent or property crime in the United States annually. a. 16 |
b. 31 |
|
What is the largest minority group in the United States? a. Native Americans |
d. Hispanics |
|
Triad is a joint partnership between the police and: a. senior citizens |
a. senior citizens |
|
DARE is a program aimed at: a. senior citizens |
b. children |
|
Today, police departments have created numerous special programs to assist with the challenges faced by the aging population. One such program is: a. AARP |
a. AARP |
|
The Police Explorer program is aimed at youths interested in: a. camping and sleeping out of doors |
b. police work |
|
Which of the following people who live on the public streets can be described as street people? a. the homeless |
d. all of these choices |
|
The Guardian Angels were formed in what city? a. Houston |
c. New York City |
|
The U.S. Supreme Court case Zinermon v. Burch dealt with: a. the elderly |
c. the mentally ill |
|
Another name for Neighborhood Watch programs is: a. Crime Watch |
d. all of these choices |
|
Crime Stoppers is a program in which police: a. operate decoy programs where they dress like possible crime victims |
c. ask television and radio stations to publicize a "crime of the week" so citizens can call tips into a special police phone number |
|
Crime Stoppers originated in: a. Albuquerque, New Mexico |
a. Albuquerque, New Mexico |
|
One of the best-known citizen patrol groups, whose members wear distinctive red berets and T-shirts, is called the: a. Red Berets |
c. Guardian Angels |
|
The Guardian Angels group was formed by: a. Curtis Sliwa |
a. Curtis Sliwa |
|
The program in which the police engrave identifying numbers onto property such as bicycles, televisions, and stereos is called: a. Operation Engravement |
d. Operation Identification |
|
National Night Out is in effect: a. once a month |
c. once a year |
|
McGruff, the crime dog, and the "Take a Bite Out of Crime" program is an example of: a. a police ride-along program |
b. a police mass media campaign |
|
Recently, social media has played a valuable role in the crime fight as well as _____ between the police departments and their clients. a. catching criminals |
d. building relationships |
|
A well-rounded chaplain program will attempt to have representatives from _____ religious groups. a. all local |
a. all local |
|
Typically, Police Explorers are required to work approximately _____ hours a month to maintain their eligibility, but they may work more hours if they wish. |
c. 20 |
|
A tort is a: |
private wrong |
|
According to the Department of Justice, the most common disposition of the 26,000 complaints of excessive force against officers was: |
the investigation turned up insufficient evidence to prove the allegation |
|
Any police-initiated activity that relies on a person’s race or ethnic background as a basis for suspicion in involvement in criminal activity is called: |
biased-based policing |
|
In the case of ____________________, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that to be liable, police departments must be deliberately indifferent to the needs of the people with whom police come in contact. |
Canton v. Harris |
|
Many departments today rely on units described as "professional standards" units, "compliance" units, or "integrity" units as a major resource to combat corruption. These are other names for: |
internal affairs divisions |
|
Noble cause corruption is also known as: |
Dirty Harry syndrome |
|
Officers who participate in more aggressive types of corruption by seeking out and taking advantage of opportunities for corruption are called: |
meat-eaters |
|
Police officers who participate in more passive types of police corruption are referred to as: |
grass-eaters |
|
Police officers who violate a person’s civil rights by unlawfully searching or detaining them can be sued under what law? |
42 U.S.C. Section 1983 |
|
Police testimony that narcotics found on the ground were dropped by persons they arrested has been called: |
dropsy testimony |
|
The code of silence is often referred to as the blue curtain or: |
blue veil |
|
The first national commission to discuss police brutality was the: |
Wickersham Commission |
|
The Knapp Commission was a(n) ____________________ commission. |
local |
|
The New York City plainclothes officer whose revelations about police corruption led to the legendary Knapp Commission was: |
Frank Serpico |
|
Today, ____________________ of the major U.S. cities have some form of citizen oversight in place. |
most |
|
What is the most prevalent type of corruption in law enforcement today? |
noble cause corruption |
|
What name is used for the loyalty test given to rookie officers by the training, and other officers? |
Mama Rosa’s test |
|
What stems from ends-oriented policing and involves police officers bending the rules to achieve the "right" goal of putting a criminal in jail? |
noble cause corruption |
|
What was the end result of the arrest of Henry Louis Gates, Jr. (a Harvard University scholar) by a Cambridge, Massachusetts, police sergeant? |
The charges were dropped against Gates and a meeting took place between the sergeant, the president of the United States, and Gates. |
|
When excessive force is used with the public and there is a significant disparity between the level of compliance by the person and the level of force used by the officer, the use of force is considered to be: |
police brutality |
|
Which of the following has been proposed as a solution to police brutality? |
improved training better screening of applicants citizen review |
|
Which of the following has been proposed as a solution to police brutality? |
d |
|
Which of the following is an example of police corruption? |
d |
|
Which of the following is an example of police corruption? |
A police officer receives $15 from a driver for not giving him or her a summons for speeding. A police officer receives sexual favors from a driver for not giving him or her a summons for speeding. An off-duty police officer escorts a drug dealer as he or she delivers illegal drugs to customers and receives $100 per delivery. |
|
Which of the following is an example of the ethical standards established to determine how police officers should act? |
d |
|
Which of the following is an example of the ethical standards established to determine how police officers should act? |
organizational value systems or codes of ethics designed to educate and guide the behavior of those who work in the organization the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics an oath of office |
|
Which of the following is not an argument against citizen review? |
It prevents lawbreakers from being punished for their crimes. |
|
Which of the following is not an argument against citizen review? |
c |
|
___________________ theory holds that crime is basically "imitative"-we learn crime the same way that we learn other behavior. |
Differential association |
|
A successful example of a directed patrol program that achieved positive results was the ____________________ gun experiment. |
Kansas City |
|
A thorough study conducted in Newark regarding foot patrols concluded that adding foot patrol: |
had no effect on crime |
|
Academic studies regarding response time indicate that: |
citizens generally cannot or do not report crimes immediately |
|
According to the California Highway Patrol study, the most prevalent reason drivers fail to stop during a high-speed pursuit is: |
the driver is afraid of or dislikes the police or enjoys the excitement of a chase |
|
Agencies that cover a large geographical area, such as sheriff’s departments and state patrols, utilize: |
a take home car program |
|
During what decade did the foot patrol return to policing? |
1980s |
|
During what decade was the efficiency of foot patrols challenged? |
1960s |
|
In 2003, nearly all police departments had pursuit policies, and ____________________ percent of local police agencies had restrictive pursuit policies. |
61 |
|
In effect, the Kansas City study failed to demonstrate that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made any difference within the: |
community |
|
In the proactive group in the Kansas City study, the police presence was: |
doubled or tripled |
|
Most departments utilize: |
fleet vehicles |
|
Officers who patrol specific locations at specific times to address a specific crime problem are called ____________________ patrol. |
directed |
|
One of the authors of the classic text Police Administration was: |
O. W. Wilson |
|
Random patrol is commonly believed by police administration to create a sense of: |
omnipresence |
|
The aggressive saturation patrol operation in Washington, D.C., run by Chief Cathy Lanier is called: |
All Hands on Deck |
|
The calls radioed to patrol officers, or assignments given to police patrol units by 911 dispatchers, reveal the types of problems for which people call the police and the types of problems: |
the police feel deserve a response by patrol units |
|
The Kansas City study occurred in the: |
1970s |
|
The police department’s generalist is the: |
patrol officer |
|
When researchers examined the reinstitution of foot patrol in Newark and Flint, they arrived at the conclusion that when foot patrol is added in neighborhoods: |
levels of fear decrease significantly |
|
Which of the following is a functional category of routine patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack? |
calls for service preventative patrol administrative tasks |
|
Which of the following is a functional category of routine patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack? |
d |
|
Which of the following is not one of the basic components of response time? |
time it takes for the perpetrator to flee the scene |
|
Which of the following is not one of the three traditional ways we do police work in the United States? |
proactive investigations |
|
Who coined the term omnipresence? |
O. W. Wilson |
|
____________________ is/are the most expensive part of a police department’s budget. |
Personnel |
|
____________________ patrol is a solution to the problem of directed patrol units often getting interrupted by calls for service, which can affect the performance of their assignments. |
Split-force |
|
A legal defense that holds that police originated the criminal idea or initiated the criminal action is called: |
entrapment |
|
A study by Florida State University released in 2006 found that offenders tracked by GPS were ____________________ percent less likely to abscond or reoffend than those not monitored. |
90 |
|
An investigative unit that reexamines old cases that have remained unsolved is called a: |
cold-case squad |
|
Decoy operations are most effective in detecting and arresting all of the following except: |
murderers |
|
Decoy operations are most effective in detecting and arresting all of the following |
robbers purse snatchers persons committing larcenies from autos |
|
Detectives in a centralized squad are considered ____________________. |
specialists |
|
Detectives in a decentralized squad are considered ____________________. |
generalists |
|
Dressing as and playing the role of a potential crime victim is known as: |
a decoy operation |
|
During the 1990s, the crime rates across the country: |
went down at an unprecedented rate |
|
Entrapment is a(n) ____________________ defense. |
affirmative |
|
Nationally, police are able to clear only____________________ percent of all violent crimes reported to them. |
46.8 |
|
Nationally, police are only able to clear ____________________ percent of all property crimes reported to them. |
19 |
|
One of the primary purposes of police patrol is to prevent crime by creating a sense of: |
omnipresence |
|
Plainclothes officers’ efforts to blend into an area and attempt to catch a criminal are called: |
blending |
|
Prior to the Rand study, it was common for police departments to have policies and procedures in place that emphasized: |
retroactive investigations of past crimes by detectives |
|
The idea that detective work is glamorous, exciting, and dangerous, as it is depicted in the movies and on television, is called the: |
detective mystique |
|
The investigative process begins with: |
patrol officer |
|
The MCI program is designed to put most of an investigator’s time and effort into: |
only very important cases and cases that actually can be solved. |
|
The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that detectives should be assigned only to preliminary investigations of: |
very serious or complex preliminary investigations. |
|
The Rand report said that half of all detectives could be replaced without negatively influencing: |
crime clearance rates |
|
The single most important determinant of whether or not a case will be solved is the information the victim supplies to the ____________________. |
immediately responding patrol officer |
|
The use of analytical methods to obtain pertinent information on crime patterns and trends that can then be disseminated to officers on the street is called ____________________. |
crime analysis |
|
The vast majority of all arrests are made: |
at the scene of the crime |
|
What system has greatly improved the surveillance of offenders? |
global positioning system (GPS) |
|
Which of the following is a solvability factor in the MCI program? |
Is there a witness? Is a suspect named or known? Will the complainant cooperate? |
|
Which of the following is a solvability factor in the MCI program? |
d |
|
____________________ are effective in cases in which the police receive a tip that a crime is going to occur in a commercial establishment or in which the police discover or come upon a pattern. |
Stakeouts |
|
According to the author, the police should be seen by the community as: |
part of the community |
|
Everything done with each other as human beings in all kinds of relationships is the definition of: |
human relations |
|
The President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice reported in 1967 that police relations with minority groups had: |
… |
|
Of all the FBI Index crimes, the one that occurs most each year is: a. theft |
a. theft |
|
Of all the FBI Index crimes, the one that occurs least each year is: a. murder |
c. robbery |
|
Each year, police in the United States make about ____________________ million arrests for all criminal infractions except traffic violations. a. 61.3 |
c. 13.7 |
|
This case applied the exclusionary rule to all state courts. a. Weeks v. United States |
d. Mapp v. Ohio |
|
This case established the exclusionary rule in federal courts. a. Weeks v. United States |
a. Weeks v. United States |
|
"Evidence that may lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a certain person committed it" is the definition of: a. beyond a reasonable doubt |
c. probable cause |
|
This case allowed certain searches incident to arrest. a. Chimel v. California |
a. Chimel v. California |
|
This case allowed searches, also known as "pat-downs," during field interrogations. a. Chimel v. California |
b. Terry v. Ohio |
|
Due to the mobility of an automobile, this case allowed police to search automobiles upon probable cause but without a search warrant. a. Florida v. Bostick |
d. Carroll v. United States |
|
This case ruled that a person in police custody must be advised of his or her constitutional rights prior to interrogation or the information obtained can be excluded. a. Brown v. Mississippi |
d. Miranda v. Arizona |
|
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects against unreasonable searches and seizures? |
b. Fourth |
|
Which constitutional amendment states that "no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized"? a. First |
b. Fourth |
|
This national survey is based on reports made to the police from crime victims. a. Uniform Crime Reports |
a. Uniform Crime Reports |
|
This national survey is based on a random survey of American homes. a. Uniform Crime Reports |
b. National Crime Victimization Survey |
|
This national survey is prepared by the FBI. a. Uniform Crime Reports |
a. Uniform Crime Reports |
|
This national survey is prepared by the National Institute of Justice. a. Uniform Crime Reports |
b. National Crime Victimization Survey |
|
This national survey lists all arrests made in the United States. a. Uniform Crime Reports |
a. Uniform Crime Reports |
|
This national survey lists the number of all law enforcement employees for each reporting town, city, and county in America. a. Uniform Crime Reports |
a. Uniform Crime Reports |
|
The U.S. Supreme Court has made a significant impact on the way police do their job through its policy of: a. judicial review |
a. judicial review |
|
Which type of tactics constituted the brutal and violent methods police historically practiced to obtain confessions? a. hammering |
c. third degree |
|
The Supreme Court ruled in Burdeau v. McDowell that ____________________ apply/applies only to the actions of government agents, and not to those of private citizens or private security employees. a. county ordinances |
d. the Bill of Rights |
|
The right to counsel contained within the Miranda ruling applies only when the subject of an interrogation: a. is in custody |
a. is in custody |
|
The "third degree" ended as a result of what U.S. Supreme Court decision? a. Terry v. Ohio |
b. Brown v. Mississippi |
|
A border search can be made without: a. probable cause |
d. all of these choices |
|
The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that a warrantless search of a vehicle is valid if the police have probable cause to believe that the car contains evidence that they are seeking. This decision is known as the: a. Stout doctrine |
b. Carroll doctrine |
|
The purpose of a police inventory search of a vehicle is to: a. recover weapons |
c. account for all the contents of the vehicle |
|
Which of the following is not an exception to the search warrant requirement? a. a crime scene |
a. a crime scene |
|
Which of the following has the Supreme Court not recognized as an exigent circumstance? a. preventing an escape |
c. to check an identity |
|
When conducting a stop and frisk, officers may search: a. the outer clothing of the individual |
a. the outer clothing of the individual |
|
Which of the following is not considered an actual search by the U.S. Supreme Court? a. stop and frisk |
c. trained drug-dog sniff |
|
The Miranda ruling set out certain guidelines that the police must follow during interrogation; however, an exception to the Miranda warning allows questions to be asked: a. to ensure the immediate safety of the public |
a. to ensure the immediate safety of the public |
|
Which of the following is a violation of the Miranda ruling? a. tape-recording unknowing suspects who were placed alone in a patrol car under arrest |
d. directly questioning the suspect about the crime while in a patrol car and en route to the jail |
|
The police identification process that involves bringing a suspect back to the scene of the crime or another place (for example, a hospital where an injured victim is) where the suspect can be seen and possibly identified by a victim or witness of a crime is called a: a. showup |
a. showup |
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