CompTIA Linux+

During Linux installation, you need to configure a minimum of how many user accounts?

two

Filesystem that performs journaling

ext3

Shares password databases among Linux systems

Network Information Service (NIS)

Program started by the BIOS that loads the Linux kernel into memory from a hard disk partition inside the computer

boot loader

command that halts the system immediately and powers down the computer

poweroff

Allows you to choose the operating system upon system startup

dual booting

Specify a commands’ working parameters

arguments

Channel that allows a user to log in

terminal

Alter the way a command works

options

Traditional filesystem still used on most Linux computers

ext2

In Linux, what is used to accept input from the user and pass input to the kernel for processing?

Shell

To find all of the commands that have the word list in their name or description, you would type what?

man -k list

What metacharacterindicates background command execution?

&

What is the shell that is used by default in Linux?

BASH

Which Linux Command displays your login name?

whoami

What is the most common method of installing Linux?

DVD installation

Because you need to document so many pieces of hardware and software information, you should create a ______ that contains all important installation information as well as hardware information.

Preinstallation checklist

What are specific letters that start with a dash (-)?

Options

What directory contains system commands and utilities?

/usr

What filesystem is compatible with the Windows FAT filesystem?

VFAT

Hard disks can contain how many major partitions?

4

The command that displays the calendar for the current month is what?

cal

what is the metacharacter for command termination?

;

Which Linux command gets you out of your current shell?

exit

The recommended size for the /home directory is _____ per user.

200 MB

What command will confirm the system directory that you are currently in?

pwd

What metacharacter can also be used to refer to the current user’s home directory?

~

To move from the /home/joe/test/data to the home/joe directory, what command would you use?

cd../..

If you type enough unique letters of a directory and press the _____ key, the BASH shell will find the intended file or directory being specified and fill in the appropriate information.

Tab

Most files on a Linux system that contain configuration information are what kind of files?

text files

To view a list of files and their type, use the ____ switch to the ls command.

-F

The ____ symbol indicates a linked file.

@

The ____ command can be used to provide a long listing for each file in a certain directory.

ls -l

Using wildcard metacharacters, how can one indicate a number is either 1, 2, 3, or 4?

[1-4]

The ____ command displays the last five lines of a text file

tail -5

Extended regular expression metacharacters

?, +, {}, |

The ____ regular expression metacharacter matches 0 or more occurrences of the previous character.

*

What key combination, commonly used in the vi editor command mode, displays current line statistics?

ctrl + g

The ____ can be used with LISP artificial intelligence programming language and supports hundreds of keyboard functions like the vi editor.

Emacs editor

The ____ editor is functionally analogous to the Windows Wordpad and Notepad editors.

gedit

Displays files in reverse order

tac command

Displays lines of test that match extended regular expressions

egrep comand

Identifies a channel that passes information from one process in memory to another, and in some cases can be mediated by fiels on the hard drive

named pipe

Special file that serves as placeholders to organize other files

directory

Displays the first ten lines of a text file

head command

A file that represents a device on the system, such as a hard disk or serial port

Special device file

Files that have an association with one another

Linked files

A file that contains the most recent entries at the bottom of the file

log file

A file that allows a process on another computer to write to a file on the local computer while another process reads from that file

socket file

In the FHS, the ____ directory contains the Linux kernel and files used by the boot loader

/boot

In FHS, the ____ directory is the root user’s home directory

/root

In the FHS, the ____ directory contains most system commands and utilities

/usr

Copying a file can be accomplished using what command?

cp

What command takes a list of arguments specifying the absolute or relative pathnames of files to remove?

rm

The fastest method to search for files in the Linux Directory tree is to use what command?

locate command

You can see the contents of a certain variable in memory by using the ____ metacharacter with the echo command

$

The ____ section of a filesystem is the section that contains information about the filesystem in general.

superblock

To create a hard link, you must use the ____ command

ln

The section of an inode that stores permissions is called the _____ of a file.

mode

In a file’s mode, if a permission is unavailable, a ____ character replaces its position in the mode

–

If a user has _____ permission for a file, they can open. read, and edit the contents of a file

write

When using the chmod command for a specific file, the ______ argument would add read permissin and remove write permission for the group persmission

g+r-w

When using the chmod command, the mode rwx can be replaced by the number____.

7

To set all of the special permission on a certain file or directory, you can use the command _____, where name is the name of the file or directory.

chmod 7777 name

Command used to change the permissions for a certain file or directory

chmod

Command used to view you current user name

whoami

Command used to view your group memberships and primary group

groups

Command used to change the group owner of a file or directory

chgrp

Command used to test network connectivity

ping

Command used to change the ownership of a file or directory

chown

Command used to display BASH shell aliases

alias

Special variable on the system used to take away permissions on new files and directories immediately after they are created.

umask

Command used to quickly create an empty file.

touch

Devices that transfer data in a character-by-character fashion are referred to as______devices.

character

The ____ device file represents the first primary partition on the second IDE hard disk drive (primary slave).

/dev/hdb1

The ____ device file represents the second serial port on the system (COM2).

/dev/ttyS1

The ____ filesystem is used by software programs that write to a CD-RW or DVD-RW drive.

udf

The _____ filesystem contains most of the operating system files.

root

To format a filesystem with a specified filesystem type, you can use the ____ option with the mkfs command.

-t

To mount all filesystems in the /etc/fstab file that are intended to mount at boot time, you can simply type the ____ command.

mount -a

CD-ROMs typically use the _____ filesystem

iso9660

Linux requires how many partitions at minimum?

two

Data is read off of hard disks in concentric circles called what?

tracks

To create partitions after installation, you can use the _____ command

fdisk

The easiest method for monitoring free space by mounted filesystems is to use the _____ command

df

Errors on a filesystem are often referred to as filesytem ____ and are common on most filesystems.

corruption

To check a filesystem for errors, you can use the _____ command, which can check filesystems of many different types.

fsck

You can edit the quotas for certain users by using the _____ command

edquota

Directory that stores devices files

/dev

Indicates a particular device

minor number

File on the hard disk representing a device on a Linux system

device file

Command used to create modify system parameters

tune2fs

The first readable sector of a hard disk, where partition definitions are stored

MBR

File that contains a list of devices that are currently used on the filesystem and their major numbers

/proc/devices

Rigid quota limits that the user cannot exceed

hard limits

Points to the device driver for a device in the Linux kernel

major number

Hard disk quotas that the user can exceed for a certain period of time.

Soft limits

Each SCSI device is assigned a unique ID number known as a _____.

target id

Most Parallel SCSI controllers support up to ____ devices.

15

The highest priority SCSI device is given a SCSI ID of______.

7

The _____ standard supports speeds of up to 80 MB/s.

SCSI-3 Ultra2 Wide

Raid level _____ is often referred to as disk mirroring.

1

Raid level ____ is commonly referred to as disk striping with parity

5

A Fedora 13 CD installation requires ___ CDs.

six

In Fedora Linux, a ____ file is a script file that speifies the choices that you would normally choose when you install the operating system

kickstart

If a Linux installaion ends abnormally and the screen displays a "fatal signal _____" error message, it indicates an error known as a segmentation fault.

11

Some installation fail to place a boot loader on the hard disk properly; this is often the case with large hard disk drives that have over ____ cylinders.

1024

_____ installation log files are create by the Fedora installation program.

two

to verify hardware settings, you can examine the contents of the _____ directory.

/proc

The ____ file in the /proc directory contains a list of memory address ranges reserved for device use.

ioports

The ____ in the /proc directory contains statistics on the performance of the processor.

loadavg

A remote disk to which a computer connects using iSCSI

iSCSI target

File that contains a lists of packages that were installed as well as a list of those that were not installed

/root/install.log

A type of RAID level 0 that consists of two hard disks that are seen as one large volume.

spanning

A unique identifier for each devie attached to any given node in a SCSI chain

Logical Unit Number (LUN)

File that lists all of the system events that occurred during the installation, such as the creation of user and group accounts

/root/install.log.syslog

A version of RAID controlled by the system BIOS

firmware RAID

A protocol that may be used to install Fedora via the network.

Network File System (NFS)

A type of RAID level 0 in which an individual file is divided into sections and saved concurrently on multiple disks.

disk striping

The situation in which a program has accessed an area of RAM that was not assigned

segmentation fault

The file descriptor stdin is represented by the number____.

0

The file descriptor stderr is represented by the number___.

2

You can ue the BASH shell to redirect standard output and standard error from the terminal screen to a file on the filesystem using the ___ shell metacharacter followed by the absolute or relative pathname of the file

>

You can redirect a file to the standard input of a command using the ____ character.

<

The ____ command can be used to replace characters in a file sent via Standard Input

tr

You can send the standard output of one command to another command as standard input using the ____ shell metacharacter.

|

The ____ command count the number of lines, words, and characters in a file

wc

The ____ command can be used to extract, manipulate, and format text using pattern-action statements

awk

Most configuration files on Linux systems are delimited using ____ characters

colon

To see a list of the environmental variables and their current values on a system, you can use the ____ command

set

The _____ command could be used to view the contents of the environment variable that represents the BASH shell prompt.

echo $PS1

To see a list of all exported environment and user-defined variables in the shell, you can use the ____ command

env

The _____ environment fiel is always executed immediately after login for all users on the system, and sets most environment variables, such as HOME and PATH.

/etc/profile

If you have _____ permission to a shell script, you cn execute the shell script like any other executable program on the system.

read and execute

The test statement ____ would be used to determine if A is numerically greater than B

[ A -gt B ]

Labels representing command input and output

file descriptors

Any error messages generated by a command

stderr

Shell variables that are typically set by the system and contain information that the system and programs access regularly

environment variables

Files that are typically used to create custom programs that perform administrative tasks on Linux systems.

shell scrpits

The first line in a shell script, which specifies the pathname to the shell that interprets the contents of the shell script

hashpling

The information that is processed by the command during execution

stdin

Constructs that alter the flow of a program based on whether a command in the program completed successfully or based on a decision that the uer makes given a question posed by the program

a decision construct

The normal output of a command

stdout

A filter command that takes information from standard input and sends that information to a file, as well as to standard output.

tee

The Linux kernel is stored in the _____ directory.

/boot

_____ of the GRUB boot loader typically resided on the Master boot record

Stage 1

To create an encrypted password for use in the /boot/grub/grub.conf, you can use the ____ command

grub-md5-crypt

In the /etc/lilo.conf file, the ____ keyword specifies the absolute pathname to the Linux kernel.

image=

In the /etc/lilo.conf file, the ____ keyword specifies the file that contains the physical layout of the disk drive.

install=

A Linux system in runlevel ___ is a system that has no daemons active in memory and is ready to be powered off

0

After the entries in /etc/inittab have been executed, the ____ file is executed to perform tasks that must occur after system startup.

/etc/rc.d/rc.local

You can use the ____ command to start, stop, or restart any daemons listed within the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory.

service

Which utility can be used to modify runtime configuration files so that they start and stop daemons when entering a particular runlevel?

ntsysv

___ is a freely available version of X Windows used in many Linux Distributions.

XFree86

The two most common dsktop environments that are used on Linux are ____and____.

kde and gnome

The ______ window manager is used for the GNOME desktop in Red Hat Fedora Core 2

metacity

If your system uses the X.org implementation of X Windows, the mouse, keyboard, monitor, and video adapter card information is stored in the ____ file in text format

/etc/x11/xorg.conf

To configure your keyboard, you can use the _____ command from either a GUI or terminal environment and restart X Windows

system-config-keyboard

After configuring X Windows, you can fine-tune the vsync and hsync of the video card using the ____ utility withing the desktop environment.

xvidtune

Programs that tell X Windows how to draw teh graphics and display the reult

X Client

A LILO version available for Intel Pentium and Itanium computers that use Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI).

ELILO

Utility used to configure video card and monitor

Display settings

Modifies the look and feel of X Windows

Window manager

A system process tha performs useful tasks, such as printing, scheduling, and operating system maintenance

daemon

Another name for runlevels

initstates

Partition to which the MBR points

active partition

Most common boot loader on modern Linux systems.

Grand unified bootloader

Used to run multiple OSs at the same time

virtualization software