COM249 Final Exam

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The news about Michael Jackson’s death first broke on:

the TMZ web site

Facebook.com is a part of a growing type of online media known as which of the following?

Social networking

_______ is a mass communication channel.

The World Wide Web

Mass communication is an example of which type of one-on-many communication?

One sender to many receivers

A message being sent through the media must be ____ before it can be transmitted.

Encoded

In a television news broadcast, the sender would be which of the following?

The news anchor, the media company that owns that station and the sources the anchor is interviewing. *All of the above*

Which of the following was the world’s first major communication network?

The Roman Catholic Church

Which communication technology was first experimented with in the 1960’s and 1970’s?

Computer networks

There are approximately ________ daily newspapers in the United States.

1,400

The Big Four television broadcast networks earn ___% of all television advertising revenue.

40

In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the yellow ribbon was a symbol for which of the following causes?

Remembering the U.S. embassy hostages in Iran

______ has an average weekly audience in the range of 14 to 25 million.

The Rush Limbaugh Show

______ served as Mr. Conductor on the children’s television show Shining Time Station.

Ringo Starr

The book Seduction of the Innocents was about the dangers of which of the following types of media?

Crime and horror comic books

According to the Generation M study, U.S. children spend an average of _______ hours a day using media.

6.5

Why did American media give such heavy coverage to the death of Michael Jackson?

The public was interested in the story, the death of major celebrities is news, and Jackson had a major effect on pop music around the world. ***All of the above

Social networking sites such as Myspace or Facebook are examples of which of the following types of communication?

Interpersonal communication, group communication, and mass communication. ***All of the above

A face-to-face conversation that A has with B would be called which of the following types of communication?

Interpersonal communication

A e-mail that you send to your mother telling her you got a perfect report card would be called which of the following types of communication?

Interpersonal communication

Amanda has just woken up. She debates within her own head whether she would rather sleep in or attend her early morning class. Amanda has been using which of the following types of communication?

Intrapersonal communcation

Claire is attending a concert in a coffee house. She is engaging in which of the following types of communication?

Group communication

Clemens is reading the latest novel by Stephen King. He is engaging in which of the following type of communication?

Mass communication

Andy is watching an episode of crime television show CSI streaming on the Internet. He is engaging in which of the following types of communication?

Mass communication

In a television news broadcast, the receiver would be which of the following?

A family having dinner while the television news program is on

The ______ model of mass communication looks at the process of mass communication by considering each of the elements of how a mass media message is sent and received.

Transmission

The ______ model of mass communication looks at how audience members use the mass media to create a shared experience.

Ritual

The ______ model of mass communications looks at how media messages are used to draw attention to an individual or issue.

Publicity

The _______ model of mass communication looks at how audience members derive and create meaning out of media content.

Reception

What was the first media to allow ideas to early move beyond the place where they were initially created?

Books

Which of the following is the medium that emphasizes the interchangeability of the sender and receiver?

The Internet

An audience member’s skills at decoding the intellectual meaning of an argument presented in a newspaper editorial involves the ________ dimension of media literacy.

Cognitive

An audience member’s skills at decoding the meaning of the menacing music in a horror movie involves the ______ dimension of media literacy.

Emotional

An audience member’s skills at decoding the underlying messages of an action show that force is the proper solution to all problems involves the ______ dimension of media literacy.

Moral

An audience member’s skills at decoding the artistic success of a new novel involves the __________ dimension of media literacy.

Aesthetic

Fears that media messages would have strong, direct effects on individuals grow out of propaganda campaigns during which of the following conflicts?

World War I

Which of the following best describes the findings of the People’s Choice study from 1940?

Audiences are indirectly affected by media campaign messages.

The critical/cultural model assumes which of the following?

Audiences actively use the media to construct their view of the world.

Correlation is accomplished by persuasive communication through which of the following?

Editorializing, commentary, and advertising. ***All of the above

The _______ models says that a candidate’s success depends in part on how well his basic message connects with voters’ preexisting feelings.

Resonance

The _______ models says that a candidate’s success depends in large part on how the candidate’s opponent respond to the candidate’s campaign messages.

Competitive

The journalistic value of ________ represents the idea that your own country and culture are better than all others.

Ethnocentrism

The journalistic value of ________ represents the idea politicians should serve the public good and not their own interests.

Altruistic democracy

The journalistic value of ________ represents the idea open competition among businesses will create a better more prosperous world.

Responsible capitalism

The journalistic value of _________ represents a nostalgia for the old-fashioned rural community.

Small-town pastoralism

The journalistic value of ________ represents the fact that journalists love to use a single person as a symbol of a larger issues.

Individualism

The journalistic value of _______ represents the suspicion journalists often have of extremists on either side of the issue.

Moderatism

When reporters focus on the return to normal in a story about a natural disaster, they are talking about the journalistic value of _______.

Social order

When reporters focus on the importance of the president or prime minister, they are representing the journalistic value of ________.

Leadership

When Phil de Vellis created his "Vote Different" political parody, he was demonstrating which of the following effects?

The power of an individual working at home

A media scholar is looking at why so many Americans are watching House, M.D. on television. What kind of effects is this scholar looking for?

Active audience effects

A media scholar is trying to find out if children who watch Sesame Street do better in second grade than children who watch Spongebob Squarepants. What kind of effects is he looking for?

Message effects

A media scholar is trying to find out whether radio or television political ads are more persuasive. What kind of effects is he looking for?

Media effects

A media scholar is trying to find out if the editorial focus of a newspaper changed after it was purchased by a large mass media conglomerate. What kind of effects is he looking for?

Ownership effects

Each cast of American Idol becomes famous after appearing on the show for a season. This is an example of the _________ function of the media.

Surveillance/status conferral

A study that looks whether press coverage of budget deficits made audiences talk more about government spending would be an example of which of the following?

Agenda setting

A study that looks at why teenagers like to go to horror movies like Hostel or Saw would deb an example of which of the following?

Uses and Gratifications theory

A study that looks at how children acquire new behaviors by watching movies on television would be an example of which of the following?

Social learning

The documentary An Inconvenient Truth makes the case that we have a global warming problem. Regardless of the merit of the arguments in the film, it has convinced many people that there is a global warming problem and they will then act on that belief. You could explain this using which of the following?

Symbolic interactionism

A newspaper runs stories that suggest that most people in the country support cutting taxes. After reading the stories, people who support raising taxes tend to keep quiet because they think their neighbors all support tax cuts. This would be an example of which of the following?

Spiral of silence

When an activist group stages an event in a way that facilitates its being covered by he local television station, they are making uses of which of the following?

Media logic

Martha watches quite a bit of television, including a lot of crime dramas. She believes that the city she lives in has a much higher crime rate than it actually does. You could explain this using which of the following?

Mean world syndrome

The theoretical orientation that argues that watching large amounts of television can create a world view that is odds with reality is which of the following?

Cultivation analyis

The co-founder and CEA of Apple is the largest single stockholder in which major media company?

Disney

Radio stations started carrying national news starting in which of the following decades?

1930’s

_________ is where a media company uses its combined properties to promote each other and add value to the company.

Synergy

According to media scholar and critic Ben Bagdikian, in 2004 approximately _____ corporations owned a majority of media outlets in the United States.

6

Vertical integration is which of the following?

Controlling the media product from production to delivery

According to media scholar and critic Ben Bagdikian, in 1983 approximately ____ corporations owned a majority of media outlets in the United States.

50

The majority of the cable television music video channels are owned by which of the following?

Viacom

________ has raised the questions of whether bigger really is better by spinning off its major online service and its residential cable television provider division.

Time Warner

________ owns media properties on every continent except Antarctica.

News Corporation

_______ is the largest publisher in the English language.

Batelsmann

_______ is one of the leading new media companies in the world.

Google

The biggest owner of direct broadcast satellite services around the world is which of the following?

News Corporatiion

What company is currently working to purchase NBC Universal?

Comcast

The largest owner of radio stations in the United States is which of the following?

Clear Channel Communications

The largest publisher of newspaper int he Untied States is which of the following?

Garnett Corporation

The media in the United States are typically owned by which of the following?

Private industry

The biggest problem Disney Corporation faces in China is which of the following?

Media content is frequently pirated

News Corporation generally provides which of the following?

Programming that will attract the largest, most profitable audience

Viacom and CBS split into two separate companies for which of the following reasons?

They wanted to give investors two separate stocks to invest in

Short head media excel at delivering which of the following?

A limited amount of content to a large audience.

Big box retailers such as Wal-Mart and Target that sell CDs and movies would be considered part of which of the following?

Short head

Online music sellers such as iTunes and Rhapsody would be considered part of which of the following?

Long tail

Long-tail media are characterized by which of the following?

A high number of goods, a low cost of reaching markets, and ease of finding obscure products. ***All of the above

Why was YouTube developed?

To make it easier to share cell phone videos

When a movie studio changes the ending of a movie based on focus group research, this is likely due to the influence of which of the following?

Audiences

If Disney were to tell ABC News not to report on problems with it theme park business, this would be an example of the influence of which of the following?

Owners

Golfer Tiger Woods has agreed to be the subject of a cover story for Golf magazine, but he will only do the interview if the publisher lets him approve the writer and the photographer. This is an example of a/an ________ controlling the content of the media.

News source

People with low levels of media literacy would assume that the most powerful force controlling the media are which of the following?

Owners

A highly promoted television program with lots of advertisers is cancelled for low ratings. This is likely due to the influence of which of the following?

Audiences

Which of the following was the earliest form of writing?

Pictographs

A writing system where abstract symbols stand for an object or idea is which of the following?

Ideographs

Papyrus is which of the following?

An early writing surface made of reeds by the Egyptians

Parchment is which of the following?

An early writing surface made from animal skin

Printing was invented by which of the following?

The Chinese prior to 200 AD

The first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary took approximately _______ years to produce.

70

______ was an important newspaper, magazine and book publisher in colonial and revolutionary America.

Benjamin Franklin

What invention directly led to the production of inexpensive dime novels?

The steam-powered rotary press

Pearson, the world’s largest publisher, is best known for:

Books for the education market

What author paved the way for contemporary fantasy literature?

J.R.R. Tolkien

J.R.R. Tolkin’s novel The Hobbit was first published after which of the following occurred?

His publisher’s ten-year-old son said he liked it

Author Stephen King says his popular novels are which of the following?

They are the "literary equivalent of a Big Mac and Fries"

The massive success of J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter novels led the New York Times to do which of the following?

Create a children’s bestseller list to keep the Potter books from dominating too many slots on the regular bestseller list.

The largest brick-and-mortar bookstores can carry no more than _____ different titles.

175,000

In order for books to become popular, which of the following needed to occur?

A rapid form of printing, a literate public, an inexpensive source of paper. ***All of the above

Which of the following was the most important effect of the printing press and movable type?

Ideas could spread rapidly beyond the communities where they originated

The primary function of a book publisher is which of the following?

To buy manuscripts from authors and turn them into books

Which of the following is true about the majority of book authors?

They make a modest income from their books

Books are distributed to bookstores by which of the following?

Companies like the Ingram Book Group

Janet Ivanovich became a bestselling author by doing which of the following?

Combining elements of the romance and mystery genres.

What do Fahrenheit 451, I know Why the Caged Bird Sings, The Scarlet Letter, and Slaughterhouse Five have in common?

People have attempted to ban each of them

One of the biggest features of Amazon.com as a bookseller is its ability to do which of the following?

Recommend titles to buyers based on their previous purchases

Which of the following is a major advantage of electronic books?

The customer can carry ten or more books in the space of a single book.

________ is best known for his/her covers of Vanity Fair and Rolling Stone magazines.

Annie Leibovitz

_______ is best known for his/her photography for Life and Fortune magazines.

Margaret Bourke-White

Which of the following was the first truly national magazine with a large circulation published in the United States?

The Saturday Evening Post

________ was a pioneer in photojournalism with her/her photos of the Civil War.

Matthew Brady

The Postal Act of 1879 did which of the following?

It made it possible to inexpensively mail magazines across the country

Magazines that are targeted at specific industries are carry ads for people who are in that business are known as which of the following?

Trade magazines

The most popular magazine topic for 2009 was:

Entertainment/celebrity

Magazines such has Harper’s, The Atlantic, and the National Review are known as which of the following?

Literary and commentary magazines

Who was the target of a major investigative journalism series by Ida M. Tarbell for McClure’s magazine in the early 1900’s?

John D. Rockefeller

Helen Gurley Brown was the long-time editor of which of the following?

Cosmopolitan

________ largely created the idea of the modern woman’s magazine as editor of Godey’s Lady’s Book.

Sarah Josepha Hale

Who or what were the Seven Sisters?

Seven women’s service magazines

Magazines such as Cosmopolitan, Glamour, and Vogue are known as which of the following?

FBL magazines

Which of the following magazines features the risquè pin-up of Alberto Vargas and George Petty?

Esquire

Which of the following is the biggest circulating magazine in the United States?

AARP: The Magazine

Which of the following best describes Mathew Brady’s greatest contribution to photojournalism?

The idea that photos could be documents that preserve history

Magazine circulation grew in the nineteenth century because of which of the following?

The growth of the middle class, the growth of literacy, and the growing numbers of companies wanting to advertise consumer products. ***All of the above

The National Review is a magazine that is trying to appeal to which of the following audiences?

Intellectuals interested in conservative political ideas

Most modern women’s magazines can trace their success back to which of the followingG?

Godey’s Lady’s Book

The magazine McCall’s (renamed Rosie) quit publishing in 2002 after which of the following occurrences?

Political infighting between the publisher and the editor

Maxim is a magazine that is trying to appeal to which of the following audiences?

Young men who have been ignored by magazines in the past

Calvin Klein’s ads featuring model Kate Moss have been controversial for which of the following reasons?

She looked emaciated like a heroin addict might

Dove’s Campaign for Real Beauty advertisements have been credited with:

Building acceptance in the public for alternative imagines of beauty

Which of the following is not one of the Dick Stolley’s rules for magazine covers?

New is better than well-known

Magazine editors are often unwilling to put minorities on their covers for which of the following reasons?

They are afraid minority covers won’t sell as well

Magazine circulation is climbing in the United States for which of the following reasons?

Growing rates of literacy

Which of the following are true of successful magazines today?

They feature longer articles, they have fewer illustrations, and they target narrower audiences. ***All of the above

Following Hurricane Katrina, reporters from the New Orleans Times-Picayune did which of the following?

They stayed behind to cover the story

The first English-language papers were published in Amsterdam starting in which of the following years?

1618

Which paper is regarded as the first newspaper in the colonies?

Publick Occurrences

Which paper was published by Benjamin Franklin?

The Pennsylvania Gazette

Which paper is regarded as the first of the penny papers?

The New York Sun

Journalistic objectivity began with which of the following?

The Penny Press

What phrase was used for lively, illustrated brand of news reporting of the 1920’s?

Jazz journalism

Edward R. Morrow is best remembered for which of the following?

His accounts from London in World War II

Which of the following events helped bring CNN to prominence?

The Persian Gulf War

Most American newspapers are owned by which of the following?

Large corporate chains

Which of the following was the newspaper responsible for breaking the Watergate story in 1972?

The Washington Post

As of 2009, _______ journalists had died covering the war in Irag

139

Frederick Douglass was the editor of which of the following?

The African-American newspaper North Star

The first newspaper to break a news story on its Web site rather than the next day’s edition was:

The Dallas Morning News

With all the new media available today, adults are spending ______ time with the news media

About the same

New sources of news for consumers include which of the following?

iPods and MP3 players, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and the World Wide Web. ***All of the web

During Hurricane Katrine, which of the following statements were true about reporters from the New Orleans Times-Picayune?

They were affected personally

Colonial newspapers could be characterized by which of the following?

Intensely partisan opinion writing

The change to objective reporting that took place in the 1800’s was driven by which of the following reasons?

The rise of a literate working class

Reporter Nellie Bly’s style of reporting from the yellow journalism era would best fit in today at which of the following newspaper?

The New York Daily News

Joseph Pulitzer wanted his paper, the New York World, to appeal to women for which of the following reasons?

Advertisers wanted to reach women

Which of the following is generally true about tabloid newspapers?

They are printed on a half-page format, they are written in a livelier style than broadsheet newspapers, and they have covers rather than front pages. ***All of the above

Which one of the following newspapers most clearly define what will be news in the United States?

The New York Times

The Lincoln Nebraska, Lincoln Star Journal newspaper ran a large photo of University of Nebraska volleyball tournament in today’s paper. The Denver Post did not. This is an example of the _______ news value.

Proximity

USA Today runs a photo and story about singer and celebrity Lady Gaga on the front page of its Life section. This is an example of the ______ news value.

Human interest

The New York Times runs a photo and story about a battle in Iraq in which five American soldiers died. This is an example of the ________ news value.

Consequence

The Washington Post runs a photo and story about a baby panda born at the National Zoo in Washington D.C., yesterday. This is an example of _______ news value.

Proximity, rarity, and human interest. ***All of the above

Alternative papers such as New Times and the Village Voice are successful money-makers for which of the following reasons?

Because they attract a young audience that advertisers want to reach

Over the last decade:

Several major newspapers have closed or moved to Web-only publication

Job and circulation losses in the newspaper industry are concentrated at which of the following?

Major metropolitan papers

Emilie Berliner is famous for which of the following?

He developed the gramophone

What medium did Guglielmo Marconi help invent?

Radio

Which of the following developments occurred during World War I?

The military took over radio broadcasting

All of the following except _____ were part of RCA

Columbia Broadcasting System

The most popular radio drama of the late 1920’s was:

Amos ‘n’ Andy

Social music is which of the following?

Music that people perform for each other in a social setting

Which of these is Akio Morita famous for?

Inventing the Walkman

Before 1948, recordings of popular black music were referred to as which of the following?

Race records

What is Barry Gordy Jr. best known for?

Founding Motown Records

Which of these was the producer who worked on recordings for Johnny Cash, the Dixie Chicks, and the Red Hot Chili Peppers?

Rick Rubin

The method of recording sound that involves storing it in a series of numbers is called which of the following?

Digital recording

In 1960, there were congressional hearings that centered on which of the following problems?

Payola

Which of the following is the federal agency charged with regulating telecommunications, including radio and television broadcasting?

FCC

A podcast is which of the following?

An MP3 compressed audio file that can be listened to online or downloaded

Which of the following statements is true about radio as we know it?

It depended on a series of inventions and discoveries over a forty- to sixty-year period

William S. Paley, the first president of the CBS network, saw radio as which of the following?

An excellent tool for advertising products and services

The BBC represents the convergence taking place in the sound industry for which of the following reasons?

It now transmits its broadcasts via the Internet as well as over the air

The statement that radio became a companion medium, means which of the following?

Radio became the medium listened to while doing something else

Which of the following describes the biggest influence of the Sony Walkman?

People could start creating their own personal soundtrack instead of listening to music programmed by other people

If you are listening to a song with lyrics that deals with heartbreak, kids, and adult relationships, you are likely listening to _______ music.

Country

Digital recordings, such as CDs, frighten recording companies for which of the following reasons?

Consumers can potentially make perfect digital copies of the music without paying for them.

Which of these statements about radio following the growth of television in the late 1940’s and early 1950’s is true?

Radio reinvented itself to come a companion medium, serving narrow niche audiences with specialized formats

The most popular radio format of music today is which of the following?

Country

Which of the following was the major effect of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 on radio?

That today more than 50% of the radio stations are owned by major media coporations

Eadweard Muybridge and Etienne Marey are famous for which of the following?

They conducted early experiments on depicting motion with photos

Which of the following was first major movie with multiple scenes and a plot?

The Great Train Robbery

Who developed the earliest portable movie cameras?

Auguste-Marie and Louis-Jean Lumiere

Who was the director of Birth of a Nation, the controversial silent film about the Civil War?

D.W. Griffith

Among the earliest movie stars in the United States were which of the following?

Florence Lawrence

In the 1930’s and 1940’s, the studios required theaters to schedules large number of lesser movies in order to get one or two major films. This practice was known as which of the following?

Block booking

Movie attendance peaked in which year?

In 1946

The large number of smaller theaters grouped together that replace the large Art Deco movie palaces are known as which of the following?

Multiplexes

The film that created the idea of the summer blockbuster was which of the following?

Jaws

Which of the following was the movie that sold the most tickets of all time?

Gone With The Wind

As of 2006, approximately ____% of all households had DVD players.

81

The year 2005 was noteworthy in the movie industry for which of the following reasons?

It was the first time in two decades that the annual overall box office declined

Ancillary markets for movies include which of the following?

International distribution rights, network television rights, and toys and clothing. ***All of the above

Which of the following movies proved the value of Internet promotion?

The Blair Witch Project

Which of the following was one of the earliest rebellions against the controls of the studio system?

The establishment of United Artists

Once it was introduced, almost every movie made used which of the following technologies?

Sound

The blacklist of the 1940’s and 1950’s was driven by which of the following?

A fear of communism

Hollywood’s response to the rise of television was to do which of the following?

Start making larger-than-life movies

Movies such as Dial M for Murder, The Ten Commandments, and Spartacus were a response to which of the following?

The rising size of television audiences

Movie studios are responding to the growth of movie piracy by doing which of the following?

Releasing the movie to as many theaters as possible

Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow was a significant movie for which of the following reasons?

It was the first major American movie to be filmed with all digital sets and backgrounds

The surprise movie hit 300 was a success in part for which of the following reasons?

It was based on a dramatic graphic novel, it controlled costs through the use of digital sets and backgrounds, and it had an audience-pleasing story. ***All of the above

Moving profitability is determined by which of the following?

Box office receipts, home video sales, and the budget for making the film. ***All of the above

The movie High School Music 3: Senior Year was a profitable hit because:

It had a small budget, lots of product tie-ins, and high video sales

Spike Lee was maintained his interdependence as a movie director by doing which of the following?

Controlling the cost of his movies

Why did the Hays Office, run by the movie industry, censor film?

Because many states and communities were threatening to set up local censorship boards that might have inconsistent standards of what they would or would not accept

Philo T. Farnsworth invented which of the following?

The basic technology for television

When you watch a modern situation comedy on television that is filmed or taped before a live studio audience using multiple cameras, you are seeing the influences of which of the following?

I Love Lucy

All U.S. television broadcasting became digital in which year?

2009

Network affiliates are which of the following?

Local broadcast stations that carry network programming

Which of the following created the Public Broadcasting System?

Public Broadcasting Act of 1967

PBS attracted the first significant audiences with which of the following programs?

Sesame Street

The major company doing television ratings in the United States is which of the following?

Nielsen Media Research

Over the last thirty years, the Big Three television networks (ABC, CBS, NBC) have done which of the following?

They have lost one third of all their viewers to cable, syndicated programming, and independent stations

The show Lost is notable for featuring which of the following?

The first prime-time network character who doesn’t speak English

What is the fifth highest rated television network in the United States?

Univision

What are telenovelas?

Spanish-Language television soap operas

In the 1960’s, television programs were not allowed to show which of the following?

A married couple sharing a bed

Nielsen Media Research says the average American spends _____ hours a day watching television.

4

The so-calld V-chip is designed to do which of the following?

Stop children from seeing offensive programs on V-chip equipped television sets

Jon Stewart, on Comedy Central’s The Daily Show, tends to:

attract a well-informed and educated audience, mock his guests, and point out when his guests are lying. ***All of the above

The show I Love Lucy was controversial when it first came out for which of the following reasons?

It had the white Lucille Ball married to the Cuban American Desi Arnaz

Cable television was initially developed as a way of doing which of the following?

Delivering broadcast television signals to communities with poor reception

When HBO first went on the air in 1975, the broadcast networks made which of the following responses?

They largely ignored it

Which of the following statements about premium cable channels is true?

They are the channels that you pay extra for and that do not carry commercials, such as HBO and Showtime

The conversion from analog to digital television broadcasting was delayed by several months in 2009 because:

many fears that some poorer consumers were not ready for the conversion

Why are cable networks such as MTV and CNN more profitable than the Big Four broadcast networks?

Cable networks receive revenue from advertising and subscription revenue. Broadcast networks only receive advertisement revenue.

Broadcast networks are more successful than ever these days for which of the following reasons?

You can’t fool me; broadcast networks are losing audience share and advertisers

Television networks are now showing more diverse programming for which of the following reasons?

They want to attract a larger audience

Critics worry that television has a strong influence on young people because:

unlike a reading book, watching television takes relatively few skills, television can replace the roles that grandparents, parents and teachers played in the lives of children, and television has become the most commonly share source of meaning in young people’s lives. ***All of the above

One outcome of Janet Jackson’s 2004 Super Bowl "wardrobe malfunction" was which of the following?

Individual stations became cautious about broadcasting serious programs that contained nudity or violence

Audience members can now interact with cable and broadcast television by doing which of the following?

Skipping commercials using a DVR, calling up movies on demand, and vote for the outcome of reality programs. ***All of the above

Why are broadcast networks making their hit programs available on the internet?

Because if the networks didn’t put legal copies up on the Internet, people would just share pirated copies

Our definition of what is broadcasting is being change by the fact that you can now do which of the following?

Buy television programs as digital downloads through the iTunes store, view television programs after they air as streaming content on the Web, and buy television programs on DVD. ***All of the above

Twitter was originally created so people could share their answers to the question:

What are you doing?

Paul Baran’s idea of cutting messages into small pieces and sending them on the easiest route was known as which of the following?

Packet switching

ARPAnet, a predecessor of the Internet, was created to do which of the following?

Allow incompatible computers to talk with each other

Who developed TCP/IP, the original specification for the Internet’s protocols?

Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf

Which of the following is the address for where Web pages are located?

URL

The first web browser that could handle graphics was called which of the following?

Mosaic

People connect to the internet using which of the following?

Wireless services, telephone lines, and cable television lines. ***All of the above

The movie that revolutionized Internet-based promotion of films was which of the following?

The Blair Witch Project

_______ is/are a major new medium of mass communication?

Video games

The word cyberspace is used to mean which of the following?

The Internet and the interactions that take place there

Cyberpunk literature and films deal with which of the following themes?

The differences between humans and machines

World-wide, ______% of the population has access to the Internet

24

In the United States, _____% of the population has access to the Internet at home.

73

On a Web site, cookies are which of the following?

Files used to identify and track visitors at a Web sites

Web sites use _____ to track users while they are on the site.

Small files called cookies

Astronomer and computer expert Clifford Stoll says that people should spend _______ time online.

less

Twitter’s big innovation was:

connecting mobile Internet, mobile phones, and computer-based Internet as part of a single channel

Radio and the Internet have which of the following is common?

They both were initially developed as tools for machine-assisted interpersonal communication

The next-generation Internet will be used primarily for which of the following?

Providing high quality video and audio links

According to Tim Berners-Lee, which of the following is a principle upon which of the Web is base?

Users should deb able to link to any document at anywhere in the world?

The World Wide Web became the standard for posting documents on the Internet because its creator did which of the following?

Gave it away for free

An advantage that web sites run by legacy media have over purely new media sites is which of the following?

They have a reliable source of content

The New York Times, the Washington post, and USA Today could all be considered ________ media outlets.

Click and mortar

Video games could be considered a new mass medium because:

The consoles can be used to deliver a range of media content, and video games are becoming a new way to deliver advertisement

Cyberpunk author William Gibson has expressed concern over which of the following?

That people will get such specialized news through online filters that they will be isolated from news they need

One of the big advantages of distributing a movie over the Internet instead of in theaters is which of the following?

The cost of online distribution is close to zero

Which of the following tends to be true of user-written encyclopedias such as Wikipedia?

They tend to have articles on a wide range of topics

Which of the following are true of Chinese bloggers?

Thy can be punished if they are critical of the government

Arthur Sulzberger, publisher of the New York Times, has said which of the following?

The Times is in the business of selling news and advertising space

_________ is a feature film director who also directs television commercials:

Spike Lee, Ridley Scott, and Michael Mann. ***All of the above

The innovation in the way Pears’ soap marketed its product was that it was the first to use which of the following?

A brand name

The term "economy of abundance" means which of the following?

There are as many or more goods available as people want to buy

William Paley became convinced of the potential of radio advertising rights after he did which of the following?

He used radio advertising for his family’s cigar company

The advertising agency department responsible for deciding where to place the advertising six which of the following?

Media planning

The advertising agency department responsible for deciding on the target market for the advertising is which of the following?

Research and planning

The advertising agency department responsible for developing the actual advertisements is which of the following?

Creative activity

In advertising, the cost of reaching 1,000 consumers with a particular advertisement in a particular medium is known as which of the following?

CPM

The biggest advertising medium in the United States for which audience size is measured is which of the following?

Magazines

In radio, the term "drive time" means which of the following?

Morning and afternoon commute times

Until the recession of 2009, the fastest growing advertising media type in the United States was which of the following?

Internet

According to the text, the gay market is seen as desirable to advertisers for which of the following reasons?

It is perceived as relatively upscale

Broadcast television networks carry an average of ______ of advertising and promotion clutter per hour.

15 minutes

British television viewers see an average of ____ commercials per week

311

In 2008, companies spent ______ a year advertising to children.

$17 billion

In 2006, the advertising industry revised its guidelines for advertising _______ to children.

food

The social process by which people go from having the identities they are born with, to being able to decide who they want to be is which of the following?

Modernization

The process of going from having work done by muscle to being done by machines is which of the following?

Industrialization

The first major mass medium to be supported primarily by advertising in the United States was which of the following?

Newspapers

An example of a direct action message would be which of the following?

A local grocery store ad for fresh produce

An example of an indirect action message would be which of the following?

An ad by Honda promoting corporate responsibility through the fuel efficiency of ti’s line of SUV’s

An example of advocacy message would deb which of the following

A political ad promoting reduced government spending

An example of an business-to-business ad would be which of the following?

An ad selling cleaning services to hotels

In which way are newspaper ads more effective than radio or TV ads?

Newspaper ads allow advertisers to give detailed information

What is an advantage of radio advertising over magazine ads?

Radio ads have a shorter lead time than magazine ads

An advertisement designed to reach an audience in a set of southern suburbs of Minneapolis would be called ______ advertising.

Zoned

An advertisement designed to sell some to a young hip audience would be called _______ advertising.

Targeted

Apple’s 1984 Super Bowl commercial was designed to do which of the following?

Make people aware that Apple was introducing a new computer

One of the biggest problems in controlling advertising of junk food to children is which of the following?

It is difficult to decide on what is junk food and what is healthy food

Integrated marketing communication campaigns typically involve

Advertising, public relations, and sales promotion. ***All of the above

The Denny’s 2009 Super Bowl integrated marketing communication included which of the following?

An effective mix of advertising, public relations, and sales promotion

The person most responsible for creating the fair use doctrine for American copyright law is:

Barbara Ringer

The belief that Americans should be allowed to freely express themselves originated with which of the following?

First Amendment

The John Peter Zenger case established which of the following?

Truth as an absolute defense against libel

The law passed by Congress following the 9/11 attacks which expanded the ability of the FBI to look into people’s media use and tap their phones is known as which of the following?

USA PATRIOT Act

The definition of libel is which of the following?

Any published statement that unjustifiable exposes someone to ridicule or contempt

Truth is not always an effective defense against libel for which of the following reasons?

It is not always clear what the truth is

Which of the following cases established that the actual malice standard is libel law applied to public figures as well as public officials?

Gertz vs. Roberts

Which of the following did the Supreme Court suggest judges do after overturning the Sam Sheppard conviction?

Put a gag order on all participants in the trial

In which of the following cases did the court ruled that a cable news channel could be stopped temporarily from broadcasting tape recordings of conversations between a criminal defendant and his lawyer?

United States vs. Noriega

Which of the following cases established that reporters have a legal obligation to keep a verbal promise made to a source?

Cohen vs. Cowles Media

Which of the following cases established that reporters have a right to publish truthful information even if it was obtained using deception?

Food Lion vs. ABC

Several newspapers were initially prevented from printing the Pentagon Papers through the government’s use of which of the following?

Prior restraint

In the case of Roth vs. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down which of the following rulings?

Obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment

The first U.S. copyright law permitted authors and artists to protect their work for how long?

28 years

The FCC’s Equal Time Provision requires that station do which of the following?

Give all candidates equal access to non-news air time

Editorial cartoons are generally given a lot of protection from libel for which of the following reasons?

They are considered a statement of opinion, neither true nor false

The First Amendment does not protect people from being sued for statements that are which of the following?

Libelous

A newspaper ran an article that says a congressman has accepted a number of payments from an oil company. The article claims that the payments were illegal, and that the congressman has committed a crime by receiving the payments. It turns out that the reporter made a mistake in reading a financial report, and the payments were, in fact, legal. The congressman sues the newspaper for libel. The newspaper acknowledges that it made a mistake, apologizes, and then defends itself using the legal principles established by which of the following cases?

New York Times vs. Sullivan

19. starts selling a line of dresses called the "Going Gaga" collection that they say is based on the style sense of singer Lady Gaga. The company does not get Ms. Gaga’s permission and does not pay her a licensing fee. Lady Gaga sues the company to make it stop selling the clothing. The grounds for Ms. Gaga’s lawsuit would be based on which of the following?

Misappropriation

A photographer goes onto private property and takes a picture of a woman sunbathing topless in her backyard. The woman could sue for which of the following?

Invasion of privacy-intrusion

The central argument for allowing cameras in the courtroom is which of the following?

A trial belongs to the public, not the participants in the trial

The Progressive case demonstrated which of the following?

It is difficult for the government to suppress information that people want to make public.

In the Hazelwood case, the Supreme Court made which of the following rulings about high school newspapers:

They could be censored at any time because the newspaper was part of a class and not a "public forum."

The case of Morse v. Frederick demonstrated which of the following?

High school students can be punished for speech promoting drug use.

The Judith Miller case demonstrated which of the following?

Journalists can be sent to jail for refusing to testify before a grand jury.

Are bloggers who report news on their own Web sites protected by the same shield laws that protect journalists?

It’s hard to tell. The different courts have ruled in different ways.

Net neutrality means:

Internet providers can’t favor the transmission of content from one site over that of another.

The greatest impact on broadcasting of the Telecommunications Act of 1996

a relaxation of ownership rules

The Communications Decency Act was struck down in 1997 because it did which of the following?

Limited the First Amendment rights of adults

The term "morals" means which of the following?

A religious or philosophical code of behavior

The term "ethics" means which of the following?

A rational means of decision making when both alternatives are equally attractive or unattractive

The "golden mean" was Aristotle’s notion of which of the following?

You should act as though what you do will become a universal law.

John Stuart Mill’s philosophy of "utilitarianism" says which of the following?

That which is virtuous provides the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

The theory of the "veil of ignorance" means which of the following?

Justice is possible when decisions are made without considering the social status of the people involved.

The concept of "tabloid laundering" means which of the following?

mainstream "respectable" media report on the stories they see the tabloids and sensational Web sites covering

The term "sensationalism" in journalism means which of the following?

covering events that are lurid and highly emotional

Newspapers ran sensationalistic stories accusing the U.S. president’s mother of being a common prostitute during which decade?

1830’s

Which of the following newspapers caused a great deal of controversy for running a computer manipulated photo that showed prostitutes in Cuba soliciting tourists while police looked on?

Eli Nuevo Herald

The job of an ombudsman is to do which of the following?

Represent and take the point of view of the audience

Don Imus was fired from his CBS Radio show for which of the following reasons?

He called members of a college women’s basketball team a group of "nappy-headed hos."

Car dealers pulled their ads from the San Jose Mercury News after the paper did which of the following?

It ran an article about how to negotiate a better deal on a new car.

The public relations firm of Hill and Knowlton was controversial in the 1990s for which of the following?

None of the above.

Ethics involve which of the following?

Making decisions where no answer seems to be acceptable

A reporter has decided when writing a story that it is necessary to talk to sources on two sides of an issue. When the reporter makes this ethical decision, the reporter is making use of: which of the following?

Aristotle’s golden mean

A newspaper photographer has taken a disturbing picture of a fatal accident caused by a drunk driver. The paper’s photographer and editor decide to run the photo, despite the pain it will cause the family of the people in the accident, because they feel that it will lead to people doing more to prevent drunk driving, and perhaps save some lives. When they make this ethical decision to put the good of the public at large over the needs of the victim’s family, they are making use of which of the following ethical principles?

John Stuart Mill’s principle of utility

A reporter has been asked by police not to run a story because it will interfere with an investigation. The reporter decides to run the story based on the principle that a reporter’s duty is to always report a story no matter what the outcome. The reporter tells the police that the story will run because it is the reporter’s duty to do so. This reporter is making use of:

Kant’s Categorical Imperative

The Hutchins Commission believed that which of the following was the greatest threat to American press freedom?

Concentrated corporate ownership

Media ethics scholar David Martinson says that journalists most often fail their audience by doing which of the following?

Not telling the public when government officials and other news sources are lying

Stephen Glass was able to get away with fabrications in his stories for which of the following reasons?

Glass would fabricate sources and substantiation of his facts, Glass would submit articles late so that the publications wouldn’t have time to check them, and fact checkers procedures were designed to catch mistakes, not lies.***All of the above

The Boston Globe delayed asking journalist Mike Barnicle to resign for making up people and stories in his column for which of the following reasons?

He was very popular with readers.

Which of the following would be an example of potential corporate conflict of interest?

Giving positive coverage of a charity event being chaired by the golfing buddy of your newspaper’s publisher, covering a sports franchise owned by the same parent company as your television station, and reporting about another media corporation your parent company partners with. ***All of the above

Which is a reason why many of the media reports about the Sago Mine disaster were so wrong about the number of survivors?

Journalists wanted the story to turn out with everyone being ok.

Digital editing of news photos is seen as acceptable under which of the following circumstances?

When it is similar to what could be done in a traditional darkroom

Which of the following advertisers would be held to the highest standard of truthfulness?

An ad that said a pill was the "fastest headache remedy your doctor can prescribe"

Advertisers exert control over media outlets by doing which of the following?

Pulling ads from magazines carry controversial content, pulling ads from magazines that are critical of their company, and encouraging television networks to carry the type of programs they like to advertise next to. ***All of the above

The purpose of the Family Friendly Forum is which of the following?

To promote shows its members won’t be embarrassed to advertise on

News about the terror attacks in Mumbai in 2008 broke in the West via which of the following?

Social media reports using software such as Twitter sent by people who were nearby

The ______________ theory of the press states that the press should be allowed to print or broadcast anything. People have a right to hear all ideas and decide for themselves what is correct.

Libertarian

The ______________ theory of the press states that the press should be as free as possible, but that it also has an obligation to serve the needs of the public at large.

Social responsibility

The ______________ theory of the press states that the press should be an instrument of the government to work towards the creation of a perfect state for the workers.

Authoritarian

The BBC operates under which of the following?

A public service model funded by the government.

Which of the following is the big change that has taken place in Western European television over the last twenty years?

There has been a massive increase in the number of commercial stations.

Media in Israel could be characterized as operating under which of the following models?

Social responsibility

Al-Jazeera is which of the following?

An Arab-language satellite news network that broadcasts out of Qatar.

ARABSAT is which of the following?

A broadcast satellite launched by the Arab League

The most watched Arab-language news satellite news channel is which of the following?

Radio

Many of Asia’s industrializing nations operate under which of the following theories of the press?

Development

The community newspaper industry in India is doing which of the following?

Growing

Which of the following is true about Japan’s broadcasting industry?

It is run using a mix of private industry and public service models.

The most popular category of magazines in Japan are ____________.

Manga

In 2008, the most dangerous country in the world for journalists was _________.

Iraq

The media in the United States are unique in the world for which of the following reasons?

Most media in the United States are privately owned.

Canada has laws requiring a given level of Canadian media content for which of the following reasons?

Because they are concerned about their culture being dominated by American media, because they want to preserve the Canadian media industry, and it would put the country at odds with the North American Free Trade Agreement. ***All of the above

American movie companies film in Canada in part for which of the following reasons?

It is cheaper to film in Canada than in the United States.

Which of the following are true of European newspapers?

They tend to have an explicit political point of view

In the Arab Middle East nations which of the following is true?

The media are strongly regulated by the government.

In Africa which of the following is true?

The print media originally were designed to serve the needs of the white, colonial settlers.

Radio is the most important medium in Africa for which of the following reasons?

Few people can afford television sets, radios can run off batteries, and newspapers tend to serve the needs of white colonials. ***All of the above

Media developed slowly in the old Soviet Union for which of the following reasons?

The country was so big

Over the last thirty years, media in China:

have grown massively in their level of availability.

One of the biggest consequences of attacks on journalists around the world is which of the following?

That journalists are discouraged from telling stories about the countries where it is too dangerous for them to work

According to Marshall McLuhan, electronic media do which of the following?

Help connect people around the world into a global village

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