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1. ____ files involves combining two or more files while maintaining the sequential order of the records. A. Splitting |
Merging |
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2. The saved version of a master file is the ____ file; the updated version is the child file. A. Peer |
Parent |
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3. Programmers usually use the word "write" to mean "produce hard copy output." A. True |
False |
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4. You can merge more than two files. A. True |
True |
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5. In most programming languages, before an application can use a data file, it must ____. A. Prepare the file |
Open the file |
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6. To generate a control break report, your input records must be organized in ____ order based on the field that will cause the breaks |
Sequential |
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7. A ____ break is a break in the logic of the program that is based on the value of a single variable. A. Single-level control |
Single-Level Control |
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8. ____ is processing that involves performing the same tasks with many records, one after the other. A. Volume processing |
Batch Processing |
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9. ____ applications require that a record be accessed immediately while a client is waiting. A. Database |
Real-Time |
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10. You update the transaction file with data from the master file. A. True |
False |
|
11. Pseudocode uses the end-structure statement ____ to clearly show where the structure ends. A. End |
EndIf |
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12. With a(n) ____, you perform an action or task, and then you perform the next action, in order. A. Sequence problem |
Sequence Structure |
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13. Structured programming is sometimes called goto-less programming. A. True |
True |
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14. A structured program includes only combinations of the three basic structures: ____. A. Sequence, selection, and loop |
Sequence, Selection, and Loop |
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15. A loop must return to the ____ question at some later point in a structure. A.Start Loop B. Continue loop |
Loop-Controling |
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16. In a selection structure, you perform an action or task, and then you perform the next action in order. A. True |
False |
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17. Structured programs can be easily broken down into routines or ____ that can be assigned to any number of programmers. A Segments |
Modules |
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18. Because you may stack and nest structures while retaining the overall structure, it might be difficult to determine whether a flowchart as a whole is structured. A. True |
True |
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19. The following pseudocode is an example of a ____ structure. A. Decision |
Loop |
|
20. In older languages, you could leave a selection or loop before it was complete by using a ____ statement. |
Go To |
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21. When you ask multiple questions before an outcome is determined, you create a ____ condition. A. Dual-alternative |
Compound |
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22. Most programming languages allow you to ask two or more questions in a single comparison by using a(n) ____ operator that joins decisions in a single statement. A. AND |
AND |
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23. ____ operators require two operands. A. Binary |
Binary |
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24. Most languages allow a specialized selection structure called the ____ structure when there are several distinct possible values for a single variable, and each value requires a different subsequent action. A. Nested If |
Case |
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25. The conditional AND operator in Java, C++, and C# is ____ |
&& |
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26. To avoid confusion, you can use ____statements instead of using AND and OR operators. A. Trivial |
Nested If |
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27. You can perform a ____ by making comparisons using either the lowest or highest value in a range of values. A. Range check |
Range Check |
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28. For maximum efficiency, a good rule of thumb in an OR decision is to ____. A. First ask the question that is more likely to be false |
First ask the question that is more likely to be false |
|
29. A short-circuit evaluation is where each part of an expression is evaluated only as far as necessary to determine whether the entire expression is true or false. A. True |
True |
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30. C#, C++, C, and Java use the symbol ____ as the logical OR operator. A. ^ |
LL |
|
31. A parallel array is an array that stores another array in each element. A. True |
False |
|
32. One advantage to using a named constant is that the statement becomes ____. A. Self-documenting |
Self-documentating |
|
33. An array is a(n) ____ of values in computer memory. A. Set |
List |
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34. Every array has a(n) ____ size. A. Constant B. Variable |
Finite |
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35. Many newer programming languages such as C++, Java, and C# use the square bracket notation for arrays. A. True |
True |
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36. You use subscripts 1 through 10 to access the elements in a ten element array. A. True |
False |
|
37. Parallel arrays must contain the same data type. A. True |
False |
|
38. If you declare a variable to be Boolean, you can set its value to ____. A. 1 or -1 |
True or False |
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39. Arrays cannot be used if you need to search for a range of values. A. True |
False |
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40. When a subscript is not within the range of acceptable subscripts, it is said to be ____. A. Indexed |
Out of Bounds |
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41. An indefinite loop is a loop that never stops. A. True |
False |
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42. When one loop appears inside another, the loop that contains the other loop is called the ____ loop. A. Outer |
Outer |
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43. Once your logic enters the body of a structured loop, ____. A. The loop can be terminated with a break statement |
The entire loop must execute |
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44. ____ is a technique with which you try to prepare for all possible errors before they occur. A. Nested Loop |
Defensive Programming |
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45. In a ____, the loop body might never execute because the question controlling the loop might be false the first time it is asked. A. Posttest loop |
Pretest Loop |
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46. A(n) ____ loop executes a predetermined number of times. A. Terminal |
Definite |
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47. A loop within another loop is known as a(n) ____ loop. A. Infinite |
Nested |
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48. Loops are frequently used to ____; that is, to make sure it is meaningful and useful. A. Corroborate data |
Validate Data |
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49. The first step in a while loop is typically to ____. A. Increment the loop control variable |
Initialize the loop control variable |
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50. A(n) ____ is any numeric variable you use to count the number of times an event has occurred. A. Index |
Counter |
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51. Declaring a starting value for a variable is known as ____ the variable. A. Declaring |
Initializing |
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52. A variable’s unknown value is commonly called ____. A. Initial |
Garbage |
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53. When the first letter of a variable name is uppercase, as in HourlyWage, the format is known as ____ casing. A. Camel casing |
Pascal Casing |
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54. Programmers say the statements that are contained in a module have been ____. A. Embedded |
Encapsulated |
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55. When a program has several modules calling other modules, programmers often use a program ____, which operates similarly to an organizational chart, to show the overall picture of how modules are related to one another. A. Flow Chart |
Hierarchy Chart |
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56. The ____ dictate the order in which operations in the same statement are carried out. A. Rules of precedence |
Rules of Precedence |
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57. Fractional numeric variables that contain a decimal point are known as ____ variables. A. Partial |
Floating-Point |
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58. All programming languages support four broad data types. A. True |
False |
|
59. A string variable can hold digits such as account numbers and zip codes. A. True |
True |
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60. The process of breaking down a large program into modules is called ____. A. Modularization |
Modularization |
|
61. You represent a decision in a flowchart by drawing a decision symbol, which is shaped like a ____. A. Circle |
Diamond |
|
62. Professional computer programmers write programs to satisfy their own needs. A. True |
False |
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63. The ____ is the standard terminal symbol for a flowchart. A. Lozenge |
Lozenge |
|
64. Many programming languages use the term ____ to refer to the marker that is used to automatically recognize the end of data in a file. A. Eof |
EOF |
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65. A(n) ____ is a location on your computer screen where you type text entries to communicate with the computer’s operating system. A. GCI |
Command Line |
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66. Alan Turing is often regarded as the first programmer. A. True |
False |
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67. The process of walking through a program’s logic on paper before you actually write the program is called ____. A. Testing |
Desk-Checking |
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68. A(n) ____ is a repeating flow of logic with no end. A. Decision Symbol |
Infinite Loop |
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69. Typically, a programmer develops a program’s logic, writes the code, and ____ the program, receiving a list of syntax errors. A. Tests |
Complies |
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70. A(n) ____ is a program that you use to create simple text files. A. GDE |
Text Editor |
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71. A comparison is correct only when the correct ____ and operator are used. A. Operands |
Operands |
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72. Forgetting to initialize and alter the loop control variable are common mistakes that programmers sometimes make. A. True |
True |
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73. The ____ loop is particularly useful when processing arrays. A. Nested |
For |
|
74. Programmers employ the acronym ____ to mean that if your input is incorrect, your output is worthless. A. GIGO |
GIGO |
|
75. A mistake programmer’s often make with loops is that they ____. A. Enclose the inner loop entirely within the outer loop in a nested loop |
Neglect to initialize the control loop variable prior to entering the loop body. |
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76. The loop control variable is initialized after entering the loop. A. True |
False |
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77. When one loop appears inside another it is called an indented loop. A. True |
False |
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78. The safest action is to assign the value 1 to accumulators before using them. A. True |
False |
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79. The major difference between the two main programming styles in use today is the ____. A. Programmer’s focus during the earliest planning stages of a project |
Programmer’s focus during the earliest planning stages of a project |
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80. A(n) ____ is a software package that provides an editor, a compiler, and other programming tools. A. IDE B. GDE |
IDE |
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81. The repetition of a series of steps is called a(n) ____. A. Loop |
Loop |
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82. A ____ allows users to interact with a program in a graphical environment. A. GCI |
GUI |
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83. Files exist on ____ storage devices, such as hard disks, DVDs, USB drives, and reels of magnetic tape. A. Permanent |
Permanent |
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84. When a program uses a ____, it reads all the records in the file from beginning to end, processing them one at a time. A. Retired file |
Sequential File |
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85. A database holds related file data in ____ A. Fields |
Tables |
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86. The keyboard and printer are the default input and output devices. A. True |
False |
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87. When the records in a file are sorted in order from lowest to highest values, the records are in ____ order. A. Bubble |
Ascending |
|
88. Images and music are contained in binary files. A. True |
True |
|
89. A ____ is a temporary detour in the logic of a program. A. Control Sequence |
Control Break |
|
90. To write a program that produces a report of employees by department number, the records must be grouped by department number before you begin processing. A. True |
True |
|
91. The action or actions that occur within a loop are known as a(n) ____. A. Loop internals |
Loop Body |
|
92. Programs that use _____ code logic are unstructured programs that do not follow the rules of structured logic. A. Nested |
Spaghetti |
|
93. The case structure is a variation of the ____ structure. A. Selection |
While |
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94. if-else examples can also be called ____ because they contain the action taken when the tested condition is true and the action taken when it is false. A. Single-alternative selections |
Dual-Alternative Selections |
|
95. Fill in the blank in the following pseudocode: endif A. While |
Else |
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96. Placing a structure within another structure is called ____ structures. A. Stacking |
Nesting |
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97. The do loop is a variation of the ____ loop. A. While |
While |
|
98. The priming read is an example of a(n) ____ task. A. Selection |
Housekeeping |
|
99. The conditional AND operator in Java, C++, and C# is ____. A. && |
&& |
|
100. A series of nested if statements is also called a ____ if statement. A. Waterfall |
Cascading |
|
101. You can use parentheses to override the default order of operations. A. True |
True |
|
102. ____ are diagrams used in mathematics and logic to help describe the truth of an entire expression based on the truth of its parts. A. Decision diagrams |
Truth Tables |
|
103. Most programming languages allow you to ask two or more questions in a single comparison. A. True |
True |
|
104. In a truth table, the expression ____ is false. |
False or False |
|
105. You use the case structure only when a series of decisions is based on a single expression. A. True |
True |
|
106. The ____ clause of the decision is the part that executes only when the tested condition in the decision is false. A. Then |
Else |
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107. A ____ relates parallel arrays. A. Subscript |
Subscript |
|
108. To search an array for a(n) ____ match, you can store either the highest or lowest value A. Flag |
Range |
|
109. Parallel arrays are most useful when value pairs have a(n) ____ relationship. A. Direct |
Indirect |
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110. The number of bytes in an array is always a multiple of the number of ____ in an array. A. Subscripts |
Elements |
|
111. You can improve the efficiency of a program by leaving a loop as soon as a match is found in the array. A. True |
True |
|
112. Programmers generally write programs as one long series of steps. A. True |
False |
|
113. ____ variables and constants are known to the entire program. A. Global |
Global |
|
114. Most modern programming languages require that program statements be placed in specific columns. A. True |
False |
|
115. Program comments are a type of internal documentation. A. True |
True |
|
116. A(n) ____ is similar to a variable, except it can be assigned a value only once. A. Constant |
Named Constant |
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117. Programmers refer to programs that contain meaningful names as ____. A. Procedural documented |
Self-Documenting |
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118. The assignment operator has left-to-right-to-left associativity, which means that the value of the expression to the left of the assignment operator is evaluated first and that the result is assigned to the operand on the right. A. True |
False |
|
119. Besides the popular, comprehensive programming languages such as Java and C++, many programmers use scripting languages such as Python, Lua, Perl, and PHP. A. True |
True |
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120. After a programmer plans the logic of a program, the next step is ____. A. Translating the program |
Coding the Program |
|
121. ____ data items may involve organizing or sorting them, checking them for accuracy, or performing calculations with them. A. Outputting |
Processing |
|
122. The process of finding and correcting program errors is called ____. A. Error checking |
Debugging |
|
123. Before a programmer plans the logic of the program, he or she must ____. A. Test the program |
Understanding the program |
|
124. Once a program is completely coded, it is ready for a company or organization to use. A. True |
False |
|
125. A(n) ____ is very similar to a counter that you use to count loop iterations, except that you usually add a value other than one to this type of variable. A. Accumulator |
Accumulator |
|
126. Both the while loop and the for loop are examples of pretest loops. A. True |
True |
|
127. You usually use the for loop with ____ loops. A. Definite |
Definite |
|
128. The ____ loop is particularly useful when processing arrays. A. Infinite |
For |
|
129. The amount by which a for loop control variable changes is often called a ____ value. A. Group |
Step |
|
130. You can either increment or decrement the loop control variable. A. True |
True |
|
131. Depending on the programming language being used, modules are also known as ____ . A. Tasks, function, or method |
Subroutines, procedures, or Methods |
|
132. ____ is where a variable’s data type or other information is stored as part of the name. A. Camel case |
Hungarian Notation |
|
133. A ____ variable is not used for input or output, but instead is just a working variable that you use during a program’s execution. A. Programming |
Temporary |
|
134. When you have a five element array and use subscript 6, your subscript is said to be out of bounds. A. True |
True |
|
135. An array can be used to replace ____. A. Methods |
Nested Decisions |
|
136. Providing array values is sometimes called ____. A. Providing the array |
Populating the Array |
|
137. Declaring a named constant makes code easier to modify and understand. A. True |
True |
|
138. In every programming language, when you access data stored in an array, you must use a ____ containing a value that accesses memory occupied by the array. A. Key |
Subscript |
|
139. A(n) ____ decision is a decision in which two conditions must be true for an action to take place. A. Or |
AND |
|
140. The NOT operator is a unary operator, meaning it takes only one operand. A. True |
True |
|
141. ____ evaluation is when each part of an expression that uses an operator is evaluated only as far as necessary to determine whether the entire expression is true or false. A. Short-circuit |
Short-Circuit |
|
142. Attaching structures end to end is called ____ structures. A. Linking |
Stacking |
|
143. A ____ read is an added statement that gets the first input value in a program. A. Priming |
Priming |
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144. Structures can be stacked or connected to one another at their ____. A. Entry or combination points |
Entry or Exit Points |
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145. As a general rule, an eof question should always come immediately after an input statement because the end-of-file condition will be detected at input. A. True |
True |
|
146. Structured programs use spaghetti code logic. A. True |
False |
|
147. The following pseudocode is an example of a ____ structure. A. Loop |
Loop |
|
148. When you write a program that stores a value in a variable, you are using ____ storage. A. Resilient |
Temporary |
|
149. Characters are made up of smaller elements called ____. A. Bits |
Bits |
|
150. Files in which records must be accessed immediately are sometimes called instant access files. A. True |
True |
|
151. When you copy data from a file on a storage device into RAM, you are ____ from the file. A. Outputting |
Reading |
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152. Because they enable you to locate a particular record directly (without reading all of the preceding records), random access files are also called ____ files. A. Pointed access |
Direct Access |
|
153. In a flowchart, an ____ is most often represented by a three-sided box that is connected to the step it references by a dashed line. A. Abbreviation Symbol |
Annotation Symbol |
|
154. When the variable starts with a lowercase letter and any subsequent word begins with an uppercase letter, this is called ____. A. Hungarian Notation |
Camel Casing |
|
155. ____ is where a variable’s data type or other information is stored as part of the name. A. Turing Notation |
Hungarian Notation |
|
156. Programmers say that variables and constants declared within a module are ____ only within that module. A. Out of scope |
In Scope |
|
157. The mainline logic of almost every procedural computer program consists of these three distinct parts: ____ . |
Housekeeping tasks, Detail loop tasks, and End-of-job tasks |
|
158. As programs become larger and more complicated, the need for good planning and design ____ . |
Increases |
|
159. A ____ error results when you use a syntactically correct statement but use the wrong one for the current context. A. Logical |
Logical |
|
160. Programmers can use either procedural programming or object-oriented programming to develop programs. A. True |
True |
|
161. The heart of the programming process lies in planning the program’s logic. A. True |
True |
|
162. Every programming language has rules governing its word usage and punctuation. A. True |
True |
|
163. The ____ is used to represent output in a flowchart. A. Square |
Parallelogram |
|
164. Using ____ involves writing down all the steps you will use in a program. A. A complier |
Pseudocode |
|
165. Business reports that list only totals, with no individual item details, are called ____. A. Control-breaks reports |
Summary Reports |
|
166. In a ____, the loop body executes at least one time because the loop control variable is not tested until after one iteration. A. Loop control B. Nested loop |
Posttest loop |
|
167. In some cases, a loop control variable does not have to be initialized. A. True |
False |
|
168. Use a counter or a(n) ____ to control a loop’s repetitions. A. Sentinel Value |
Sentinel Value |
|
169. When one loop appears inside another is a called an indented loop. A. True |
False |
|
170. No matter how complicated it is, any set of steps can always be reduced to combinations of the two basic structures of sequence and loop. A. True |
False |
|
171. The following pseudocode is an example of ____. do stepE A. Stacking |
Nesting |
|
172. You can use ____ for clarity and to override the default order of operations. A. Multiplication |
Parenthesis |
|
173. When you use the ____ operator, only one of the listed conditions must be met for the resulting action to take place. A. Nested |
OR |
|
174. Both operands in a comparison expression must be the same ____. A. Data Type |
Value |
|
175. ____ is the more general term for an entity that organizes files. A. Hierarchy |
Directory |
|
176. You can easily merge files even if each file contains a different record layout. A. True |
False |
|
177. The terms "parent" and "child" can refer to file backup generations, but they are also used for a different purpose in object-oriented programming. A. True |
True |
|
178. The true benefit of using an array lies in your ability to use a ____ as a subscript to the array. A. Constant |
Variable |
|
179. A ____ search starts looking in the middle of a sorted list, and then determines whether it should continue higher or lower. A. Linear |
Binary |
|
180. All array elements have the same group ____. A. Memory location |
Name |
|
181. A program contains an array that holds all the names of the days of the week. Which of the following is true? A. The highest subscript is 12 |
The highest subscript is 6 |
|
182. In most programming languages, before you can use any variable, you must include a ____ for it. A. Definition |
Declaration |
|
183. When you write programs, you work with data in three different forms: ____. A. variations, RAM (or unnamed constants), and named values |
Variables, Literals (or unnamed constants), and named constants |
|
184. A specific numeric value is often called a(n) ____. A. Defined constant |
Numeric Constant |
|
185. A(n) ____ is a named memory location whose value can vary. A. Input |
Variable |
|
186. Besides making your code easier to modify, using a ____ makes the code easier to understand. A. Standard constant |
Named Constant |
|
187. A(n) ____ is another name for a subscript. A. Pointer |
Index |
|
188. Suppose that you have declared a numeric array named numbers, and two of its elements are numbers[1] and numbers[5]. You know that ____. A. There are exactly four elements between those two elements |
There are exactly three elements between those two elements |
|
189. When you ____ a file, it is no longer available to your application. A. Index |
Close |
|
190. Directories and ____ are organization units on storage devices. A. Folders |
Folders |
|
191. ____ storage is not lost when a computer loses power. A. Temporary |
Permanent |
|
192. You may hear programmers refer to looping as ____. A. Execution |
Iterations |
|
193. ____ a data item means you override incorrect data by setting the variable to a specific value. A. Flexing |
Forcing |
|
194. A ____ expression is one that represents only one of two states, usually expressed as true or false. A. Boolean |
Boolean |
|
195. In a truth table, the expression ____ is true. A. False and True |
True and True |
|
196. Most programming languages limit the number of AND and OR operators in an expression. A. True |
False |
|
197. When you need to satisfy two or more criteria to initiate an event in a program, you must make sure that the second decision is made entirely independently of the first decision. A. True |
False |
|
198. A mistake programmers often make with loops is that they ____. A. Increment the loop control variable inside the loop body |
Include the statements inside the loop that belong outside the loop |
|
199. When one loop appears inside another is is called an indented loop. A. True |
False |
|
200. One way to straighten out an unstructured flowchart segment is to use the ____ method. A. Spaghetti Bowl |
Spaghetti Bowl |
|
201. The case structure is a variation of the sequence structure and the do loop is a variation of the while loop. A. True |
False |
|
202. A structured program must contain a sequence, selection, and loop structure. A. True |
False |
|
203. Because one memory location can be used repeatedly with different values, you can write program instructions once and then use them for thousands of separate calculations A. True |
True |
|
204. The ____ file holds temporary data that is used to update the master file. A. Database B. Transaction |
Transaction |
|
205. ____ are groups of fields that go together for some logical reason. A. Tables |
Records |
|
206. A flowchart is an English-like representation of the logical steps necessary to solve a problem. A. True |
False |
|
207. Computer programmers often refer to memory addresses using ____ notation. A. Mathematical |
Hexadecimal |
|
208. After programs are put into production, making necessary changes is called ____. A. Maintenance |
Maintenance |
|
209. Array elements all have the same ____ in common. A. Memory location |
Data Type |
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