Cherlin- chapters 6-10

c

The idea that sexual acts and preferences are socially organized is no more than _____ years old. a. 200 b. 175 c. 150 d. 75

d

Prior to the late 19th century, the two categories of sexual activity were a. premarital and marital. b. marital and extramarital. c. religiously approved and religiously disapproved. d. socially approved and socially disapproved.

a

The fact that sexual identities have only recently emerged as a concept suggests that a. they are socially constructed. b. this is a new phenomenon. c. this phenomenon is not worthy of study. d. we need to base everything on biology.

b

Prior to the American Revolution, religious authorities in the United States preached that sexual intercourse was appropriate under which of the following conditions? a. within marriage and with mistresses for men b. within marriage and for having children c. within marriage and prior to marriage with the intended spouse d. any conditions as long as the activity was between two consenting adults

b

Beginning in the late 1800s and lasting until, 1973 homosexuality was thought to be a. a physical condition b. a psychological illness c. a normal sexual activity d. a result of environment

c

Social constructionists would argue that sexual identities a. are effected by the environment. b. don’t have particular boundaries. c. vary from culture to culture. d. are not measured on a continuum.

c

The _______________ put the country on its ear when it published the results about men’s sexual behavior. a. Martin Report b. National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) c. Kinsey Report d. Hite Report

d

The group most likely to show a link between biology and homosexuality is a. all siblings. b. siblings who were adopted. c. fraternal twins. d. identical twins.

b

The "queer theory" a. is based on science. b. explains that sexual life is artificially organized into categories that reflect the power of homosexual norms c. is put forth by political activists who are homophobic. d. strictly categorizes sexual activities as either homosexual or heterosexual.

d

Of the following, which is not true about the "family of choice"? a. Friends may be more central to your family than a partner. b. It must be actively constructed. c. Such families are easily formed by people of all racial-ethnic groups and social levels. d. It always includes one or more legal or biological member of one’s family of origin.

a

11. Changes in sexual activity in the United States since the start of the 21st century have served to: a. weaken the role of marriage as the core of family life. b. strengthen the role of marriage as the core of family life. c. reinforce the central focus of children as the core of family life. d. decrease the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases.

a

"Living apart together" (LAT) people, who are intimately involved but live in separate households, a. were first noticed in Europe in the late 1970s b. have been studied extensively in Spain c. have been widely studied in the United States d. represent about 10 percent of the population in Britain

b

The boxed feature "How Maud Almost Married Elmer" illustrates a. the difference between spiritual and companionate love. b. how to rely on practical and ethical considerations rather than on feelings. c. how romantic love always wins out. d. how marriage partners are chosen today.

b

A significant development in the 20th century that led to a shift from sex-as-reproduction to sex-as-pleasure is a. the recognition of sexual identity. b. the introduction and legalization of modern methods of contraception. c. the growth of the modern media. d. the introduction of pornography.

d

Today, in general, couples in a marriage are most likely to a. be less likely to agree that extramarital sex is wrong than they were in 1972 b. have an "open" marriage c. have had at least one extramarital partner during their marriage d. practice sexual monogamy

d

Since the 1950s, the age at [first?] marriage has risen _____ years for females and _____ years for males. a. 3; 4 b. 3.5; 4 c. 4.5 , 4 d. 5.5; 5

c

Within the United States, which of the following groups is at virtually no risk of HIV infection? a. white, upper-class women b. non-Hispanic whites c. married couples with no outside sex partners d. middle-class men and women

c

From the 1960s onward, the number of sexual partners that men and women in the United States report having had by the age of 30 has a. increased for women but decreased for men. b. remained low for both sexes. c. become almost the same for both sexes. d. decreased for both women and men.

a

In a 1992 survey from the University of Chicago of adult sexual activity, more than __ percent of women and ___ percent of men maintained that they had never had an extramarital sexual encounter during their entire married life. (p. 310) a. 90; 75 b. 85; 65 c. 80; 65 d. 75; 70

c

Social constructivists believe that human sexuality is a. determined by both social and biological factors. b. determined by biological factors alone. c. determined by social factors alone. d. none of these

a

According to their own responses to survey questions, most married men and women in the United States report that they a. have not had any sex partners other than their spouse in the last 12 months. b. have had numerous sexual partners other than their spouse in the last 12 months. c. believe that their partner has been unfaithful in the last 12 months. d. have not had any sex partner other than their spouse in the last 12 months, but they believe their spouse has had another sexual partner.

c

By the end of 2004, almost ____ cases of AIDS had been diagnosed, and more than ______ people have died of the disease. a. 2 million; 1 million b. 1.5 million; 500,000 c. 1 million; 500,000 d. 1 million; 350,000

c

Two of the major reasons for the decline in adolescent sexual activity over the last few years are a. AIDS education and the use of birth control pills. b. the use of birth control pills and condoms. c. AIDS education and the use of condoms. d. sex education and parental control.

d

The fundamental source of a person’s sexual orientation is a. genetics b. socialization c. peer pressure d. still undetermined

a

Historically in the United States, and in some developing nations today, __________ has/have played an important role in the selection of a spouse. a. parents b. love c. the couple itself d. pregnancies

b

Parents’ influence on the spousal choice of children __________ when children can find ways of making an independent living. a. increases b. declines c. remains unchanged d. increases initially and then declines

c

Which of the following did not contribute to the demise of traditional courtship patterns in the United States? a. migration from rural areas to cities b. higher standards of living c. growth in passionate love as a basis for marriage d. extended adolescence

a

A fundamental change in marriage in the 20th century was a. a shift toward allowing individuals to achieve a more fulfilling sense of self. b. more emphasis on spouses’ fulfilling duties. c. achievement of a balance between self-fulfillment and duties to spouse. d. none of these

c

Living together without marrying tends to be more common among the poorer members of a society primarily because a. they have loose morals. b. they have different values. c. it matters less [to whom?] who is morally or legally bound to whom. d. there is less social stigma.

c

Francesca Cancian conducted a study on changing beliefs about marriage that involved a. interviewing women b. interviewing men and women c. using popular magazine articles from 1900-1979 d. surveying men and women in a questionnaire

a

The breadwinner-homemaker model of marriage a. flourished in the 1950s b. was the norm between 1945 and 1975 c. still flourishes today d. is all but extinct

d

The heyday of the U.S. dating system was in the 20-year period 1945-1965. Which of the following factors was not important in encouraging the dating system? a. College enrollments were increasing. b. Postwar parents had themselves grown up in the dating system. c. There were high rates of premarital sex. d. Couples waited until a later age to date and marry.

a

Before the turn of the 20th century, parents were able to __________ a. control the movements and monitor the behaviors of their children. b. permit their children to have plenty of freedom with respect to independent living and recreation. c. negotiate with their children concerning the terms of their prospective marriages. d. none of these

c

Courtship a. is a process that began in the 1800s in the United States. b. began with young men calling on young women in their homes. c. is publicly visible and has rules and restrictions. d. all of these

a

As adolescence emerged as a recognized life stage, the high school and college years gave young people a. a protected time relatively free of parental involvement. b. an incentive to marry young. c. an incentive to help the family economically. d. more restrictions from parents.

d

Historian Elaine Tyler May concluded that in the 1920s or 1930s men wanted both "______________ and _____________ in a wife". a. sexual allure; emotional fulfillment b. emotional fulfillment; domesticity c. youthful beauty; domesticity d. excitement; domesticity

d

After the 1900s, young people in the United States acquired ________, which changed a centuries-old system of courtship. a. education b. land c. inheritance d. spending money

c

Which of the following was a primary component of the early system of dating? a. Couples had to have sexual intercourse in order to know if they were compatible. b. Couples let their parents pick the date. c. The man was expected to pay for all the expenses of the date. d. The couple expected to make all decisions about the date jointly.

b

Which of the following is not a factor in the rise of the love marriage in other countries? a. migration flows b. incompatibility with gender inequality c. exposure to Western media d. urbanization and the shift to wage labor

a

Some recent trends with respect to first marriages are: a. typical age is higher, and many people cohabit before marriage. b. typical age is lower, and many people cohabit before marriage. c. people are spending less time looking for a partner. d. unplanned pregnancies are a major contributor to young people’s decisions to get married.

b

Burgess, a family sociologist, a. felt that the individualized type of marriage was the best form. b. did not foresee the dual-earner marriage overtaking the breadwinner-homemaker marriage. c. predicted that the bread-winner homemaker marriage model could not last. d. argued that men and women should share household chores equally.

a

By the 1880s, young people in the United States defined love as a basis of a. sympathy, openness, and understanding. b. passion. c. earning potential. d. strength and health.

c

Americans increasingly are entering into marriage because a. they enjoy the openness, self-disclosure, communication, and mutual dependence that marriage brings. b. they are dissatisfied with the dating scene. c. they want to increase their level of personal satisfaction. d. they value the spiritual side of marriage.

d

Which of the following was not a factor in changing the nature of marriage from companionship to individualization? a. a rise in the standard of living b. increasing economic independence of young women c. the exposure of women to new ideas beyond the home d. the migration of large numbers of people to rural areas

b

At the start of the 20th century, young people tended to live with their parents due to a. religious beliefs. b. a lower standard of living. c. a lack of prospective marriage partners. d. prolonged time spent in school.

c

___________________________ is one of the major reasons listed as to why people still marry. a. Marker of conformity b. Legitimizing children c. Enforceable trust d. Practical importance

d

The institutional marriage is marked predominately by a. equal sharing of household chores and childcare. b. mutual respect. c. an attachment based on love and caring. d. strict roles dictating how one is to behave within the family unit.

a

Compared to women with less education and lower earnings, the specialization model predicts that women with more education and higher earnings are __________ likely to marry, while the income-pooling model predicts they are __________likely to marry. a. less; more b. more; less c. equally; more d. equally; less

d

Recent studies suggest that cohabitation is a. an alternative way of being single. b. a testing ground for marriage. c. an alternative to marriage. d. all of the these

a

In spite of the various changes that have weakened the role of marriage, the institution still possesses certain advantages over cohabitation. Which of the following is not an advantage presented by the textbook? a. Married couples report feeling healthier, and they live longer. b. Marriage acts as a symbol of status. c. Being married enables couples to make joint purchases. d. Marriage increases the chances that a child will be reared by two parents.

c

The breadwinner-homemaker family refers to: a. wives working both in the home and outside the home. b. families that are involved in the labor market. c. husbands who work for pay and wives who work unpaid in the home. d. family members jointly producing many of the goods they consume or sell.

a

Husbands’ greater power and authority in the contemporary United States is due in large part to a. the husbands’ earnings and employment. b. the tradition of patriarchy in the United States. c. women’s expectations that their husbands should have power. d. husbands’ use of or threat to use force.

b

The most important 20th-century development in family power has been a. the decline of patriarchy. b. the movement of married women into employment outside the home. c. birth control innovation. d. none of these

d

At the end of the 20th century, _____ of married women worked outside the home in _____ jobs. a. a minority; part-time b. a majority; full-time c. a minority; full-time d. a majority; part-time

a

Which of the following factors is not related to women’s increased participation in the labor force? a. expansion of manufacturing jobs b. rising divorce rate c. lower fertility rate d. expansion of service jobs

c

The closing gap between men’s and women’s average earnings in the 1990s was due primarily to a. increases in women’s wages. b. governmental regulations. c. decreases in men’s wages. d. decreased statistical discrimination against women.

d

Service sector workers tend to be women in all but the following case: a. teacher. b. nurse. c. secretary. d. lawyer.

a

Compared to job investments, household investments primarily affect second marriage prospects because a. they are not transferable across marriages. b. they are attractive only to a selected group of people. c. they are transferable to any marriage. d. they are old-fashioned.

b

The types of jobs available to most black women who were in the labor force in the United States prior to the 1960s were a. clerical. b. domestic service. c. secretarial. d. health care professionals.

c

Those women who seem to have the most decision-making power are a. not employed. b. independently wealthy. c. employed. d. none of these

b

Surveys in the United States, Germany, and _________ found that, when wives increase their paid work hours, their household work hours are quickly reduced. a. France b. The United Kingdom c. Sweden d. Denmark

c

Face-to-face activity in which one person meets the needs of another who cannot fully care for herself or himself is called a. personal assistance. b. nursing. c. care work. d. none of these

a

The proportion of household work done by husbands tends to increase if their wives are employed. This is due primarily to the fact that a. employed women do less housework. b. employed women hire outside help. c. men feel obligated to help if their wives are employed. d. men hire outside help.

b

The ability to force a person to do something even against his or her will is called ___________ . In contrast, ___________ is the acknowledged right of someone to supervise and control others’ behaviors. a. leadership, power b. power, authority c. authority, power d. power, leadership

c

One-fourth of all dual-earner married couples arrange for childcare by a. hiring nannies. b. enlisting the help of relatives. c. working different shifts. d. receiving government aid.

d

Unemployment is most likely to cause marital problems among couples a. who are already poor. b. who have several children. c. who lived together before marriage. d. whose marriages were already shaky before one of them lost a job.

a

A 1992 survey of the important factors involved in employed men’s and women’s decisions to take their current jobs revealed that _____ was very important to more than 60 percent of respondents. a. the job’s effect on personal and family life b. money c. vacation d. health insurance

b

Most childcare assistance currently offered by U.S. business firms benefits a. women. b. the middle class. c. men. d. the working class.

c

The policy that U.S. workers most desire in their efforts to accommodate work and family demands is a. job sharing. b. flexible vacation schedules. c. flextime. d. part-time work.

d

The first parental leave act was passed by U.S. Congress in 1993 and is still in effect. Which of the following arrangements best describes the type of leave mandated by this law? a. 12 weeks of paid leave for employees of firms with less than 50 employees b. 12 weeks of paid leave for all employed workers c. 12 weeks of unpaid leave for all employed workers d. 12 weeks of unpaid leave in firms with more than 50 employees.

d

The state of having too many roles with conflicting demands is often referred to as a. role spillover. b. multiple roles. c. mixed roles. d. role overload.

a

When it comes to childcare, single employed mothers often a. rely on relatives to help with the children. b. are adequately supported by government programs. c. tend to share the burden with their significant other or an employer. d. are forced to take children to work due to lack of alternatives.

c

Which of the following factors does not increase a woman’s earning potential in contemporary U.S. society? a. education b. delayed marriage c. early childbearing d. experience in the labor force

c

In which area has U.S. society made the least progress in making the workplace more responsive to workers’ family needs? a. executive occupations b. unionized factory jobs c. occupations that don’t pay well d. professional occupations

b

In 2002, which state became the first to require employees to provide parental leave with partial pay? a. New York b. California c. Texas d. Virginia

a

Some observers have suggested that balancing work and family has become difficult for Americans because they are a. working longer hours. b. increasingly working at home c. earning less money. d. receiving fewer benefits.

c

In 2004, for every dollar that the average male worker earned, the average female worker earned about _____ cents. a. 63 b. 77 c. 80 d. 85

b

The stalled revolution, in which wives have moved into the labor force but husbands have not yet adjusted, may hurt the husbands because a. they are no longer the sole providers. b. their wives have less time to devote to them. c. they have to participate in childcare. d. none of these

c

______ refers to the phenomenon in which stressful events in one part of a person’s daily life influence other parts of her or his life. a. Role overload b. Work overload c. Spillover d. Stress release

a

Of the three types of parenting styles that Baumrind researched, the __________ parenting style seems to produce children who are the most socially competent. a. authoritative b. permissive c. authoritarian d. good-enough

d

The "typical" adoption in the United States since the 1970s is due to a. the development of the birth control pill. b. the legalization of abortion. c. the decline in unplanned births. d. all of these

b

Many critics of the U.S. family charge that it is failing in the central responsibility of the public family, which they define as a. reinforcing the traditional, "workable" breadwinner-homemaker structure. b. providing children with the care, supervision, and discipline they need to become well-adjusted, productive adults. c. fostering independence and individualism in their children. d. all of these

c

The different manner in which parents treat male and female children can be attributed to ______, which have little to do with true biological differences. a. class roles b. religious roles c. gender roles d. all of these

c

The major source of primary socialization for children in the United States is a. school. b. church. c. family. d. daycare.

d

Two important aspects of U.S. parents’ socialization of their children are a. providing physical and emotional support. b. teaching both dependence on and independence from the family. c. religious and secular training. d. providing emotional support and exercising control.

b

The best parents—that is, those who are most likely to produce children who are socially competent—perform three tasks well: (1) They set clear standards, (2) they enforce standards consistently without harsh punishment, and (3) they __________ a. spend a lot of money on their children. b. provide substantial emotional support. c. make the marital relationship a second priority to the parental relationship for many years. d. reason with their children.

d

An important difference between working-class and middle-class parents with respect to socialization is that a. working-class parents tend to stress independence and curiosity. b. working-class parents tend toward permissive parenting. c. middle-class parents are more likely to stress authority and conformity. d. working-class parents stress qualities that will enable their children to enter blue-collar jobs, whereas middle-class parents stress qualities that will enable their children to enter white-collar jobs.

c

In the United States each class socializes its children to a. respect conformity. b. understand the value of obedience. c. fit the same kinds of job positions they themselves have. d. choose a different religious preference.

a

Working parents with children in daycare tend to a. sacrifice more of their free time to spend extra time with their children. b. spend little time with their children. c. spend the same amount of time with their children as parents whose children are not enrolled in daycare. d. spend more time with their children than parents whose children are not enrolled in daycare.

b

The changing nature of adoption is reflected in the fact that a. more than 60 percent of the children adopted have a disability. b. 13 percent of adopted children are foreign-born. c. 60 percent of foreign-born children are from Asian countries. d. all of these

b

Recent research on fathering suggests that a. the father’s involvement is inconsequential for the healthy development of children. b. the father’s involvement is correlated with positive development in both sons and daughters. c. higher involvement reduces the divorce rate. d. the increase in the percentage of children born outside marriage is related to the father role.

c

In studies of white, middle-class families in Iowa who were under economic pressure, Elder and Conger found that fathers in these families a. were more likely to commit suicide. b. deserted their wives and children. c. were irritable and hostile toward their wives and children. d. served as the foundation of family strength.

d

It appears that parents are trying to spend more time engaged with their children. Which of the following factors account(s) for this trend? a. cutting back on housework b. combining more of their activities c. making a priority of intensive activities with children d. all of these

d

There are considerable research findings suggesting that poor, black, single mothers may be more vulnerable to psychological distress than white, single mothers with comparable incomes. This occurs because the black mothers a. have less extended family support. b. are less likely to marry. c. experience more health problems. d. are more likely to have been chronically poor.

a

One research study in which psychologists compared young African-American mothers, grandmothers, and children living in the same household revealed that the quality of parenting by both the mother and grandmother a. was lower when the three generations lived in the same household. b. was higher by the mother of the child. c. was higher by the grandmother of the child. d. was about the same by mother and grandmother.

b

About half of the disadvantages of living in a single-parent family are due to a. the sense of relative deprivation these families experience. b. low income. c. lack of supervision. d. inability to work for pay.

c

Recent research on the effects of out-of-home childcare suggests that children who have spent more time in childcare show an increase in ______ behaviors. a. withdrawn b. obedient c. disobedient d. dishonest

d

A study comparing time surveys of parents found that the amount of time that parents and children spent peaked in what year? a. 1975 b. 1985 c. 1990 d. 2000

d

According to available research findings, which of the following is not an influence that fathers have on their children’s lives? a. rough and tumble play b. indirect influence d. direct influence

b

The few, and admittedly biased, studies of children growing up in lesbian families compared to heterosexual families show that a. there are substantial differences between the two groups of children. b. there is little significant difference between the two groups of children. c. there are differences for boys but not for girls in the homosexual families. d. there are differences for girls but not for boys in the homosexual families.

b

Which of the following statements concerning children of divorce is true? a. They suffer from substantial harm because of their parents’ divorce b. They are more likely to drop out of school and receive public assistance c. They are better off living in a single-parent family d. They easily adjust to their new situation.

a

The overall poverty rate for U.S. children in the early 1990s was about 22 percent. Compared with other groups, the poverty rate for black children was a. higher. b. lower. c. the same. d. proportionate to their numbers in the population.

b

During which period was children’s well-being at its peak in the United States, especially for middle-class white children? a. the 1940s and 1950s. b. the 1950s and 1960s. c. the 1970s and 1980s. d. the 1900s and 1910s.

d

Which of the following groups of children increased in the United States between 1969 and 1988? a. middle-income groups b. poverty groups only c. luxury groups only d. both poverty and luxury groups

a

Persistent childhood poverty is most common in the United States among a. blacks. b. whites. c. Hispanics. d. Native Americans.

b

Socialization of children is closely correlated with a. parents’ interest in their children. b. cultural norms and values. c. mothers working outside the home. d. parents’ awareness of their children’s personality changes.

b

During the 1950s and early 1960s, U.S. children a. were more likely to spend some time in a single-parent family than is true today. b. were less likely to spend time in a single-parent family than before or after that period. c. experienced high levels of poverty, like today. d. were being put into daycare in large numbers.

d

One of the most significant differences between the well-being of children in other Western nations and children in the United States is the _____ that characterize(s) other countries. a. means-tested social welfare programs b. homogeneous culture c . classlessness d. generous social welfare programs

b

Recent studies on childcare have found that poor children may benefit more from out-of-home care because a. their parents are negligent. b. daycare is more enriching than their home environments. c. they are not as intelligent as middle-class children. d. all of these

c

Studies on the effects of unemployment on families have shown that a. unemployment does not affect families in any ways other than economically. b. unemployment affects only the out-of-work parent. c. unemployment places stress on parents who then often act hostile toward their children. d. unemployment has no affect whatsoever on the children.

b

At the end of the 20th century, the most common living arrangement among elderly women in the U.S. was a. living with a married daughter. b. living alone. c. living in a nursing home. d. living with a married son.

c

When asked in survey after survey, most elderly people prefer to live out their old age __________ a. with their adult children. b. with siblings. c. alone. d. in a retirement community.

b

Today in the United States there are more than ______________ centenarians, people who are at least 100 years old. a. 25,000 b. 50,000 c. 75,000 d. 100,000

d

Which of the following factors has contributed to grandparenthood’s becoming a distinct stage of life? a. decline in adult mortality b. decrease in fertility c. increase in standard of living d. all of these

b

On average, black babies in the United States have a life expectancy that is __________ that of white babies. a. greater than b. less than c. equal to

c

The most common generation linkage of kin in the United States is __________ generations. a. five b. four c. three d. two

d

Falling mortality and fertility rates have altered the kinship bonds of people in the United States. The major change has been a. an increase in horizontal ties and a decrease in vertical ties across generations. b. decreasing bonds of kinship of any type. c. decreasing links vertically across generations. d. decreasing horizontal bonds and increasing vertical bonds of kinship across generations.

a

Based on current figures, your life and your parents’ lives, on average, will overlap by about _____ years. a. 50 b. 70 c. 30 d. 20

d

Among the elderly population, those most likely to be poor are a. older. b. female. c. African American or Hispanic. d. all of these

a

According to their own responses to different surveys, what do most elderly people in Western nations prefer in their relationships with their children and grandchildren? a. "intimacy at a distance" b. sharing the same household c. living in the same neighborhood d. a hands-off approach

b

To assess the degree of intergenerational solidarity among elderly people in the United States and their relatives, professionals focus on contact, affinity, and __________ a. estrangement. b. assistance. c. health. d. ability.

c

In 2000 there were ____ people of working age for every elderly person; by 2030 there will be only ___. a. 6; 4 b. 5; 4 c. 5; 3 d. 4; 3

d

The primary factor that determines the amount and degree of contact among families is a. love. b. health. c. previous relations. d. geographical distance.

a

According to most research, grandparents in earlier historical eras of the United States were a. emotionally distant. b. loving, and fulfilled the stereotype we have of nurturing grandparents. c. available. d. warm and caring.

b

Which of the following relationships tends to be the closest in middle and late life in the United States? a. mother-son b. mother-daughter c. father-daughter d. father-son

d

Which of the following relationships tends to be the most distant in middle and late life in the United States? a. mother-son b. mother-daughter c. divorced mother-children d. divorced father-children

b

A recent survey found that _______ of the caregivers for dependent elderly persons living in the community and not in a nursing homes were women. a. one-half b. two-thirds c. three-quarters d. four-fifths

d

Assistance by parents to grown children in the United States tends to a. be episodic. b. assume nonmonetary forms such as childcare. c. involve money when needed d. all of these

a

The most likely person to take care of elderly relatives is a(n) a. woman. b. unemployed man. c. teenager. d. employed man.

b

Public awareness of nursing home care for the elderly has been influenced in recent years by numerous exposé-type news articles and documentaries. Perhaps unintentionally, this focus has led many Americans to believe that a majority of the elderly live in nursing homes, when in fact, most of the elderly are cared for by _____. a. home-care nurses b. members of their families c. government social programs d. friends and neighbors who check in on them

c

The percentage of grandchildren living with grandparents has a. decreased b. remained the same over the last 50 years c. increased d. diminished because grandparents are too old to take care of small children

b

Of the following living arrangements, which is the most common among elderly men in the United States today? a. living alone b. living with a spouse c. living with other relatives d. living with other nonrelatives

a

Which of the following factors did not contribute to elderly people’s relying on kin for support in the earlier history of our country? a. social welfare programs b. unemployment c. death d. lower wages

c

Which of the following factors makes it easier for grandparents today, compared to earlier generations, to have an emotionally satisfying relationship with their grandchildren? a. living at a geographic distance b. lack of telephone contact c. fewer grandchildren and more resources to give them d. children needing to be raised remaining in the home

d

Skipped-generation households are created because of the following reason(s) a. child abuse by parent b. incarceration of parent c. drug abuse or illness d. all of these

d

Compared to men, women have more ambivalent feelings toward their parents because a. they have less time to take care of them today because they are more likely to be employed. b. they often call upon grandparents for help with childcare. c. older people have greater life expectancy today. d. they have less time to take care of them today AND they often call upon grandparents for help with childcare

b

Intergenerational ties are becoming more important because of a. the greater life expectancy of grandparents. b. the decline of the two-parent nuclear family. c. the lack of public care for the elderly. d. the increased importance of family in the U.S. society.

c

When the author uses the term the "family national guard," he is referring to a. social workers. b. women. c. grandparents. d. men.