Chemistry chapter 5 review

what is a region that has a high probability of finding an electron?

Atomic Orbital

what principle states the impossibility of knowing both velocity and position of a moving particle at the same time?

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

what is the lowest energy level?

ground state

What has the tendency of electrons to enter orbitals of lowest energy first?

Aufbau Principle

What is the arrangement of electrons around the atomic nucleus?

Electron Configuration

What principle describes when each orbital has at most two electrons?

the Pauli Exclusion Principle

What is it called when there is a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy?

Photon

What is it called when energy is needed to move an electron from one energy level to another.

Quantum

What is the number of wave cycles passing a point per unit of time called?

Frequency

What is the distance between wave crests?

Wavelength

What is the separation of light into different wavelengths called?

Spectrum

What is the frequencies of light emitted by an element called?

Atomic Emission Spectrum

In Bohr’s model of the atom, where are the electrons and protons located?
A. The electrons move around the protons, which are at the center of the atom.
B. The electrons and protons move throughout the atom.
C. The electrons occupy fixed positions around the protons, which are at the center of the atom.
D. The electrons and protons are located throughout the atom, but they are not free to move.

A. The electrons move around the protons, which are at the center of the atom.

In the Bohr model of the atom, an electron in an orbit has a fixed ___.
A. position
B. Color
C. Energy
D. Size

C. Energy

How does the energy of an electron change when the electron moves closer to the nucleus?
A. It decreases
B. It increases
C. It stays the same
D. It doubles

A. It decreases

The principal quantum number indicates what property of an electron?
A. Position
B. Speed
C. Energy level
D. Electron Cloud Shape

C. Energy level

What is the shape of the 3p atomic orbital?
A. Sphere
B. dumbbell
C. Bar
D. Two perpendicular dumbbells

B. dumbbell

How many energy sublevels are in the second principal energy level?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

B. 2

What is the maximum number of f orbitals in any single energy level in an atom?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 5
D. 7

D. 7

What is the maximum number of d orbitals in a principal energy level?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5

D. 5

What is the maximum number of orbitals in the p sublevel?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

B. 3

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second principal energy level?
A. 2
B. 8
C. 18
D. 32

B. 8

When an electron moves from a lower to a higher energy level, the electron ___.
A. Always doubles its energy
B. Absorbs a continuously variable amount of energy
C. Absorbs a quantum of energy
D. Moves closer to the nucleus

C. Absorbs a quantum of energy

The shape (not the size) of an electron cloud is determined by the electron’s ___.
A. energy sublevel
B. position
C. speed
D. principal quantum number.

A. energy sublevel

The letter "p" in the symbol 4p^3 indicates the ___
A. Spin of an electron
B. Orbital shape
C. Principle energy level
D. Speed of an electron

B. Orbital shape

If the spin of one electron in an orbital is clockwise, what is the spin of the other electron in that orbital?
A. zero
B. clockwise
C. counterclockwise
D. both clockwise and counterclockwise

C. counterclockwise

What types of atomic orbitals are in the third principal energy level?
A. s and p only
B. p and d only
C. s, p, and d only
D. s, p, d, and f

C. s, p, and d only

What is the next atomic orbital in the series 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p?
A. 2d
B. 3d
C. 3f
D. 4s

D. 4s

According to the aufbau principle, ___.
A. an orbital may be occupied by only two electrons.
B. electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins
C. electrons enter orbitals of highest energy first.
D. electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first

D. electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first

What is the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an oxygen atom?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

C. 6

What is the electron configuration of potassium?
A. 1s²2s²2p²3s²3p²4s¹
B. 1s²2s²2p^10 3s²3p³
C. 1s²2s²3s²3p^6 3d¹
D. 1s²2s²2p^6 3s²3p^6 4s¹

D. 1s²2s²2p^6 3s²3p^6 4s¹

If three electrons are avalible to fill three empty 2p atomic orbitals, how will the elctrons be distributed in the three orbitals?
A. One electron in each orbital
B. two electrons in one orbital, one in another, none in the third
C. three in one orbital, none in the other two
D. three electrons cannot fill empty 2p atomic orbitals

A. One electron in each orbital

how many unpaired electrons are in a sulfur atom (atomic number 16)?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

C. 2

How many half-filled orbitals are in a bromine atom?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

A. 1

Stable electron configurations are likely to contain __.
A. filled energy sublevels
B. fewer electrons than unstable configurations.
C. unfilled s orbital
D. electrons with a clockwise spin

A. filled energy sublevels

what is the basis for exceptions to the aufbau diagram?
A. filled and half filled energy sublevels are more stable than partially filled energy sublevels.
B. electron configurations are only probable.
C. electron spins are more important than energy levels in determining electron configuration.
D some elements have unusual atomic orbitals

A. filled and half filled energy sublevels are more stable than partially filled energy sublevels.

Which Electron configuration of the 4f energy sublevel is the most stable?
A) 4f^7
B) 4f
C 4f^14
D)4f^14

D)4f^14

Which of the following electron configurations of outer sublevels is the most stable?
A) 4d^5 5s^1
B) 4d^45s^2
C) 4d^35s^3
D) 4d^25s^4

A) 4d^5 5s^1

How does the speed of visible light compare with the speed of gamma rays, when both speeds are measured in a vacuum?
A) The speed of visible light is greater.
B) The speed of gamma rays is greater
C) The speeds are the same.
D) No answer can be determined from the information given.

C) The speeds are the same.

Which color of visible light has the shortest wavelength?
A) Yellow
B) Green
C) Blue
D) Violet

D) Violet

Which of the following electromagnetic waves have the highest frequencies?
A) ultraviolet
B) x rays
C) microwaves
D) gamma rays

D) gamma rays

Which type of electromagnetic radiation includes the wavelength 10^-7m?
A) gamma ray
B) microwave
C) radio wave
D) visible light

C) radio wave

How are the frequency and wavelength of light related?
A) They are inversely proportional to each other.
B) Frequency equals wavelength divided by the speed of light.
C) Wavelength is determined by dividing frequency by the speed of light.
D) They are directly proportional to each other.

A) They are inversely proportional to each other.

SEE THINGY

…

The light given off by an electric discharge through sodium vapor is ___.
A) A continuous spectrum
B) an emission spectrum.
C) of a single wavelength
D) white light

B) an emission spectrum.

Emission of light from an atom occurs when an electron ___.
A) Drops from a higher to a lower energy level.
B) Jumps from a lower to higher energy level.
C) Moves within its atomic orbital.
D) falls into the nucleus.

A) Drops from a higher to a lower energy level.

As changes in energy levels of electrons increase, the frequencies of atomic line spectra they emit ___.
A) increase
B) decrease
C) remain the same
D) cannot be determined.

A) increase

The atomic emission of a sodium atom on Earth and of a sodium atom in the sun would be ___.
A) the same
B) different from each other
C) the same as those of several other elements.
D) the same as each other only in the ultraviolet range.

A) the same

SEE THINGY

…

See thingy

…

Which of the following quantum leaps would be associated with the greatest energy of emitted light?
A) n=5 to n=1
B) n=4 to n=5
C) n=2 to n=5
D) n=5 to n=4

A) n=5 to n=1

Which variable is directly proportional to frequency?
A) wavelength
B) velocity
C) position
D) energy

D) energy

How do the energy differences between the higher energy levels of an atom compare with the energy differences between the lower energy levels of the atom?
A) They are greater in magnitude than those between lower energy levels.
B) They are smaller in magnitude than those between lower energy levels.
C) There is no significant difference in the magnitudes of these differences.
D) No answer can be determined from the information given.

B) They are smaller in magnitude than those between lower energy levels.

What are quanta of light called?
A) Charms
B) excitons
C) muons
D) photons

D) photons

Which scientist developed the quantum mechanical model of the atom?
A) Albert Einstein
B) Erwin Schrodinger
C) Niels Bohr
D) Ernest Rutherford

B) Erwin Schrodinger

Bohr’s model could only explain the spectra of which type of atoms?
A) single atoms with one electron
B) bonded atoms with one electron
C) single atoms with more than one electron
D) bonded atoms with more than one electron.

A) single atoms with one electron

The quantum mechanical model of the atom ___.
A) defines the exact path of an electron around the nucleus
B) was proposed by Niels Bohr
C) involves the probability of finding an electron in a certain position
D) has many analogies in the visible world.

C) involves the probability of finding an electron in a certain position

Who predicted that all matter can behave as waves as well as particles?

A) Albert Einstein
B) Erwin Schrodinger
C) Max Planck
D) Louis de Broglie

D) Louis de Broglie

According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, if the position of a moving particle is known, what other quantity CANNOT be known?
A) mass
B) charge
C) spin
D) velocity

D) velocity

How can the position of a particle be determined?
A) by analyzing its interactions with another particle
B) by measuring its velocity
C) by measuring its mass
D) by determining its charge

A) by analyzing its interactions with another particle

The wavelike properties of electrons are useful in ____.
A) defining photons
B) writing electron configurations
C) magnifying objects
D) determining the velocity and position of a particle.

C) magnifying objects

In an s orbital, the probability of finding an electron a particular distance from the nucleus does NOT depend on ___.
A) a quantum mechanical model
B) direction with respect to the nucleus
C) the Schrodinger equation
D) the electron energy sub level.

B) direction with respect to the nucleus