Chapter Five Quiz PSYC 1101

A desire or craving to achieve the effects produced by a drug is called _____.

A.
drug dependence

B.
psychological dependence

C.
psychological addiction

D.
drug addiction

B. psychological dependence

A drug that blocks the action of the neurotransmitter is called _____.

A.
a beta drug

B.
a psychoantagonistic drug

C.
an agonist drug

D.
an antagonist

D. an antagonist

A mental state other than an ordinary waking state, in which there are distinct changes in perception, emotion, memory, thinking, etc. is called alternate _____.

A.
states of mental awareness

B.
alertness

C.
states of consciousness

D.
sentience

C. states of consciousness

Alcohol effects are determined primarily by the amount that reaches the brain. The ________ breaks down alcohol at __________ oz. per
hour.

A.
liver, 1

B.
stomach, 2

C.
brain, 1

D.
liver, 3

A. liver, 1

Armand is daydreaming, Adele is dreaming while asleep. Which statement is TRUE?

A.
Armand is semi-conscious, Adele is unconscious.

B.
Armand is semi-conscious, Adele is in an alternate state of consciousness.

C.
Both Armand and Adele are in alternate states of consciousness.

D.
Armand is in an alternate state of consciousness, Adele is unconscious.

C. Both Armand and Adele are in alternate states of consciousness.

Biological rhythms that occur on a daily basis are called _____ rhythms.

A.
circuitous

B.
chronobiology

C.
calendrical

D.
circadian

…

Consciousness _____.

A.
is a relatively simple phenomenon

B.
exists on a continuum

C.
is an all-or-nothing phenomenon

D.
includes only those states in which someone is fully alert

B. exists on a continuum

Depressants include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A.
downers such as sedatives, barbiturates, antianxiety drugs

B.
alcohol

C.
tobacco

D.
Valium, Seconal

C. tobacco

Discomfort and distress, including physical pain and intense cravings after stopping the use of an addictive drug is called _____.

A.
psychological addiction

B.
physical addiction

C.
withdrawal

D.
tolerance

C. withdrawal

Durango was very angry with his stepmother, and wished she were dead. That night Durango dreamed that he pushed her off a cliff. According to Freud, the latent content of Durango’s dream would be _____, while the manifest content would be _____.

A.
pushing her off the cliff; wishing she were dead

B.
wishing she were dead; pushing her off the cliff

C.
pushing her off the cliff; angry feelings

D.
angry feelings; wishing she were dead

B. wishing she were dead; pushing her off the cliff

Galen’s new baby is scrunching up her face, breathing irregularly, making little sounds, and moving her eyes rapidly back and forth under closed lids. Galen asks you if this means the baby is waking up. Based on what you know about sleep cycles, your BEST answer would be _____.

A.
Yes, the baby appears to be coming out of Stage 1 sleep.

B.
No, the baby is showing signs of a transition between sleep stages.

C.
Yes, the baby has obviously been awake for several minutes.

D.
No, the baby is most likely in the REM sleep stage

D. No, the baby is most likely in the REM sleep stage

If you foolishly cram before final exams, missing several nights sleep, what is MOST likely to happen to your sleep cycles the first time you get uninterrupted sleep? You will _____.

A.
have more than the usual amount of REM sleep.

B.
have more than the usual amount of non-REM sleep.

C.
sleep more hours than usual, and get an equal amount of REM and non-REM sleep.

D.
have nightmares about being kicked out of college.

B. have more than the usual amount of non-REM sleep.

Jeannie went to a hypnotist show in Las Vegas and was called up on stage. On her way to the stage, Jeannie was concerned that the hypnotist could make her quack like a duck, which she didn’t want to do. When Jeannie was hypnotized _____.

A.
The hypnotist could "make her" do anything he wanted

B.
The hypnotist could "make her" quack like a duck

C.
The hypnotist could not "make her" quack like a duck

D.
She didn’t remember what happened

C. The hypnotist could not "make her" quack like a duck

Jordan is in the first stage of sleep. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of her consciousness at this time?

A.
A ringing telephone could easily awaken her

B.
She is experiencing alpha brain waves

C.
Her breathing is regular

D.
Her heart rate and blood pressure are slowing

B. She is experiencing alpha brain waves

Just before sleep, brain waves move from _____ waves, indicating normal wakefulness, to _____ waves associated with drowsy relaxation.

A.
Beta; alpha

B.
Theta; delta

C.
Alpha; beta

D.
Sigma; chi

A. Beta; alpha

Long-term drug addicts who received _____ reported significantly fewer cravings and less drug-seeking behavior.

A.
a dopamine agonist

B.
endorphins

C.
a glutamate antagonist

D.
melatonin

C. a glutamate antagonist

Mental activities that require focused attention are called _____.

A.
thinking processes

B.
controlled processes

C.
alert states of consciousness

D.
conscious awareness

B. controlled processes

Nada believes that the drug she just took will make her more lively and outgoing at the party she is attending, but it is actually slowing her system down, and may impair her thinking and her behavior. Which of the following drugs has Nada ingested?

A.
Nicotine

B.
Caffeine

C.
Alcohol

D.
Heroin

C. Alcohol

Physical dependence occurs when a person needs to use a drug to prevent _____.

A.
psychological dependence

B.
withdrawal symptoms

C
addiction

D.
tolerance and withdrawal

B. withdrawal symptoms

REM sleep is also called _____ because the brain is aroused and active while the person remains nonresponsive and asleep.

A.
pseudo-sleep

B.
paradoxical sleep

C.
hypnagogic sleep

D.
transitional sleep

B. paradoxical sleep

Research on drugs and neurotransmitters suggests that a _____ could be helpful in reducing cravings and drug-seeking behavior in long-term addicts.

A.
serotonin agonist

B.
serotonin antagonist

C.
dopamine agonist

D.
glutamate antagonist

D. glutamate antagonist

Research shows that this drug can impair memory, impair lung functioning and immune response, interfere with proper reproductive functioning, and can adversely affect the brain.

A.
opiates

B.
barbiturates

C.
marijuana

D.
alcohol

C. marijuana

Singh finds that he has to drink several more beers to get the same buzz he used to get with one or two. It is likely that Singh has developed _____.

A.
a psychoactive addiction

B.
an intolerance to alcohol

C.
a better ability to metabolize alcohol

D.
a tolerance to alcohol

D. a tolerance to alcohol

Small doses of this drug can interfere with the electrical system of the heart, and cause strokes by constricting blood supply to the brain.

A.
Valium

B.
Cocaine

C.
Alcohol

D.
Barbiturates

B. Cocaine

The _____ content of a dream is the true, unconscious meaning of the dream.

A.
expressed

B.
countertransference

C.
latent

D.
repressed

C. latent

The biologically-based, lowest level of awareness identified in your text is _____.

A.
daydreaming

B.
unconscious

C.
subconscious

D.
brain dead

B. unconscious

The evolutionary/circadian theory of sleep says that sleep _____.

A.
evolved to decrease the number of hours of daydreaming

B.
conserves energy and protects us from predators

C.
restores the biological rhythms that would otherwise be disrupted by round-the-clock wakefulness

D.
is necessary for the evolution of our species into spiritual beings

B. conserves energy and protects us from predators

The idea that dreams are the by-product of random stimulation of brain cells, and that the brain attempts to combine this spontaneous activity into coherent patterns, is known as the _____ hypothesis of dreaming.

A.
Mobson-McHarley

B.
activation-synthesis

C.
random-convergent

D.
brain stimulation

B. activation-synthesis

The role of glutamate in addiction appears to be that it _____.

A.
affects the brain’s reward system

B.
slows down neurons in the frontal lobe, preventing critical thinking

C.
creates lasting memories of the drug’s effects by changing the connections between neurons

D.
increases the effectiveness of other neurotransmitters that share the synapse with it

C. creates lasting memories of the drug’s effects by changing the connections between neurons

The theory of sleep that BEST explains why bears hibernate all winter is the _____ theory.

A.
evolutionary

B.
repair

C.
restoration

D.
repair/restoration

A. evolutionary

This binds to anandamide and 2-AG receptors found throughout the brain.

tA.
THC

B.
Alcohol

C.
Opiates

D.
LSD

A. THC

Two neurotransmitters implicated in the addiction to drugs are _____.

A.
dopamine and serotonin

B.
serotonin and glutamate

C.
endorphins and epinephrine

D.
dopamine and glutamate

D. dopamine and glutamate

When repeated drug use causes changes in the body that require continued drug use to prevent withdrawal symptoms, a state of _____ has been reached.

A.
drug-induced brain damage

B.
psychoactive addiction

C.
physical dependence

D.
drug dependence

C. physical dependence

Which of the following is (are) NOT true about hypnosis?

A.
Anyone can be hypnotized

B.
Hypnotized people do not retain awareness of their behavior

C.
Hypnotized people cannot refuse to comply with suggestions

D.
Hypnosis does little to improve memory

A. Anyone can be hypnotized

Which of the following is (are) true about hypnosis?

A.
The best participants are people who can focus their attention

B.
Most participants consciously fake hypnosis

C.
Hypnotized people can perform acts of superhuman strength

D.
Memory improves dramatically under hypnosis

A. The best participants are people who can focus their attention

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of REM sleep?

A.
Sexual arousal may occur

B.
Muscles are deeply relaxed

C.
Most dreams occur here

D.
A mixture of theta and delta waves

D. A mixture of theta and delta waves

Which of the following is TRUE regarding a typical night’s sleep cycles?

A.
There are 7-8 cycles per night, each lasting about an hour.

B.
REM sleep increases during the night.

C.
Brain waves increase in frequency and decrease in amplitude as the night progresses.

D.
Everyone always progresses from Stage 1 to 4, and back.

B. REM sleep increases during the night.

Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of sleep stages?

A.
Non-REM ‡ Stages 1-2-3-4 – REM

B.
Hypnagogic ‡ Stages 1-2-3-4 – REM – Stages 4-3-2-1

C.
Hypnogagic ‡ Stages 1-2-3-4-3-2 – REM

D.
Non-REM ‡ Stages 1-2-3-4-3-2 – REM

C. Hypnogagic ‡ Stages 1-2-3-4-3-2 – REM

Which of the following lists contain ONLY psychoactive drugs?

A.
Caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol

B.
Antacids, antidepressants, and antipsychotics

C.
Insulin, narcotics, and hallucinogens

D.
Aspirin, L-Dopa, and Prozac

A. Caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol

Which of the following persons is clearly experiencing insomnia?

A.
Kipp frequently cannot fall asleep the night before a final exam.

B.
Kaula regularly sleeps less than eight hours per night.

C.
Consuela persistently has difficulty falling or staying asleep.

D.
All of these persons are clearly experiencing insomnia.

C. Consuela persistently has difficulty falling or staying asleep.

Which of the following physiological processes can be changed during meditation?

A.
Sweat gland activity and oxygen consumption

B.
Heart rate and blood pressure

C.
Parasympathetic response

D.
All of these options

D. All of these options

Which of the following statements about sleep disorders is TRUE?

A.
Less than 5% of American adults suffer from sleep disorders.

B.
Only 5% of children under the age of 5 have sleep disorders.

C.
Americans spend less than 10 million on sleep aids.

D.
Approximately 20% of all drivers have fallen asleep for a few seconds at the wheel.

D. Approximately 20% of all drivers have fallen asleep for a few seconds at the wheel.

Which type of dream is rare in cultures where little clothes are worn?

A.
Dreams of falling

B.
Dreams of being naked in public

C.
Dreams of misfortune

D.
Childhood dreams of large, threatening animals

B. Dreams of being naked in public

You are generally less productive and more accident-prone than other workers. It is MOST likely that you _____.

A.
are working without supervision

B.
have a Type B personality

C.
are a workaholic

D.
are a rotating shift worker

D. are a rotating shift worker

You just awoke from a startling dream in which you were very frightened, but could not move. How would the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming explain your dream?

A.
Your amygdala was randomly stimulated, but REM-stage paralysis kept you from moving.

B.
You were frightened by something during the day but didn’t pay attention to it at the time, which caused you to feel helpless in your dream.

C.
You are frightened of your occasional urges to harm others, and your unconscious mind prevented you from following through on these urges.

D.
You experienced random stimulation of the amygdala and other brain areas, but your cerebellum was not stimulated at all.

A. Your amygdala was randomly stimulated, but REM-stage paralysis kept you from moving.

Your friend Loretta is taking Seconal prescribed by her doctor. She tells you that she is planning to drink a glass of wine to help her mellow out even more. Based on what you’ve learned about drugs in this class, what would your BEST response to her be?

A.
Good idea; the two drugs will work better together.

B.
Bad idea; the two drugs will counteract each other and she will become overstimulated.

C.
It’s okay; alcohol only has a bad effect if you have more than 2-3 drinks.

D.
Bad idea; taken together they can relax the diaphragm and cause suffocation.

D. Bad idea; taken together they can relax the diaphragm and cause suffocation.

_____ is a group of techniques designed to focus attention, block out distractions and produce an altered state of consciousness.

A.
Hypnosis

B.
Scientology

C.
Parapsychology

D.
Meditation

D. Meditation

_____ is an alternate state of heightened suggestibility characterized by deep relaxation and intense focus.

A.
Meditation

B.
Amphetamine psychosis

C.
Hypnosis

D.
Daydreaming

C. Hypnosis

_____ occur early in the sleep cycle during non-REM sleep and are characterized by a state of panic.

A.
Narcoleptic fits

B.
Nightmares

C.
Apnea episodes

D.
Night terrors

D. Night terrors

_______________ drugs that can change conscious, awareness, mood and/or perception.

A.
Addictive

B.
Hallucinogenic

C.
Psychoactive

D.
Mind Altering

C. Psychoactive