Chapter Five Mastering Biology Homework

Which feature is shared by all monosaccharides?

-In their linear forms, that all contain a carboxyl and severl hydroxyl functional groups.
-In their linear forms, they all contain a carbonyl and several hydroxyl functional groups.
-They are all pentoses.
-They all contain more than one sugar.

-In their linear forms, they all contain a carbonyl and several hydroxyl functional groups.

Which of the following classes of macromolecules always contains a carbohydrate portion?

lipids
proteins
water
nucleic acids

nucleic acids

A sugar that has the chemical formula C5H10O5 would be charaterized as a(n)

pentose
hexose
triose
oligosaccharide

pentose

The bond that joins two monosaccharides into a disaccharide is a(n) __________

van der Waals bond
glycosidic bond
ionic bond
hydrogen bond

glycosidic bond

Which of the following polysaccharides contains peptide bonds?

starch
peptidoglycan
glycogen
chitin

peptidoglycan

Which of the following polysaccharides composes the cell wall of fungi and the exoskeleton of insects?

starch
chitin
peptidoglycan
glycogen

chitin

Which of the following chemical bonds have the lowest potential energy?

C-H bonds
C-O bonds
C-C bonds
All of these bonds have equivalent potential energy

C-O bonds

Cells of which organisms lack cell walls?

animals
plants
bacteria
fungi

animals

Which of the following types of molecules would have the highest capacity to store chemical energy?

a two-carbon molecule rich in C-H bonds, such as ethane.
a six-carbon molecule rich in C-H bonds, such as a lipid.
a two-carbon molecule rich in C-O bonds, such as ethanol.
a six-carbon molecule righ in C-O bonds, such as a hexose.

a six-carbon molecule rich in C-H bonds, such as a lipid.

Part complete
Which of teh following types of glycosidic bonds are more readily broken by hydrolysis?

beta linkages
glucose linkages
Hydrolysis will occur equally across all of these linkages.
alpha linkages

alpha linkages

Which of the following meals would have the highest amount of carbohydrates?

spaghetti
chicken breast
steak and mushrooms
bacon and eggs

spaghetti

Which of the following is not a characteristic of monosaccharides?

link together to form a long chain and act as enzymes
always contain a double bond between a carbon atom and an oxygen atom
all have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
often exist as either a straight chain or a ring

link together to form a long chain and act as enzymes

Which two types of atoms bond to form the ring structure of a monosaccharide?

hydrogen and carbon
carbon and carbon
hydrogen and oxygen
carbon and oxygen

carbon and oxygen

How many monosaccharides are found in a disaccharide?

3
2
1
4

2

Which of the following is a characteristic of a polysaccharide?

the ring form of a disaccharide
found only in plants
long chains composed of monosaccharides bonded together
only used to store energy

long chains composed of monosaccharides bonded together

Polymers that contain sugars …

(a) may store hereditary information.
(b) may store energy.
(c) may protect cells.
Both (b) and (c).
(a), (b), and (c).

(a), (b), and (c).

Which feature is shared by all monosaccharides?
View Available Hint(s)

-They are all pentoses.
-They all contain more than one sugar.
-In their linear forms, they all contain a carboxyl and several hydroxyl functional groups.
-In their linear forms, they all contain a carbonyl and several hydroxyl functional groups.

-In their linear forms, they all contain a carbonyl and several hydroxyl functional groups.

Which of the following classes of macromolecules always contains a carbohydrate portion?
View Available Hint(s)

nucleic acids
water
proteins
lipids

nucleic acids

A sugar that has the chemical formula C5H10O5 would be characterized as a(n) _____.
View Available Hint(s)

pentose
hexose
triose
oligosaccharide

pentose

Select the statement that is incorrect.
View Available Hint(s)

Complex sugars are carbohydrates.
All carbohydrates have the general formula Cn(H2O)n.
Simple sugars are carbohydrates.
Simple sugars contain only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms.

All carbohydrates have the general formula Cn(H2O)n.

Glycogen is _____.

the form in which plants store sugars
a transport protein that carries oxygen
a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls
a source of saturated fat
a polysaccharide found in animals

a polysaccharide found in animals

glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____.

lactose + water … hydrolysis
starch + water … dehydration synthesis
sucrose + water … dehydration synthesis
maltose + water … dehydration synthesis
cellulose + water … hydrolysis

maltose + water … dehydration synthesis

Which of these is a source of lactose?

potatoes
starch
milk
sugar beets
sugar cane

milk

Which of these is a polysaccharide?

galactose
glucose
lactose
sucrose
cellulose

cellulose

_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen
Lactose
Glucose

cellulose

How could two four-sugar oligosaccharides be structurally different even if both consist of two glucose monomers and two galactose monomers?
View Available Hint(s)

-Only the location and geometry of glycosidic linkages could vary.
-The sequence of monomers along the chain or the location and geometry of glycosidic linkages could vary (or both).
-One oligosaccharide could contain aldoses while the other contains ketoses.
-Only the sequence of monomers along the chain could vary.

-The sequence of monomers along the chain or the location and geometry of glycosidic linkages could vary (or both).

Which of the following polysaccharides contains peptide bonds?
View Available Hint(s)

chitin
peptidoglycan
starch
glycogen

peptidoglycan

Which of the following polysaccharides composes the cell wall of fungi?
View Available Hint(s)

chitin
glycogen
peptidoglycan
starch

chitin

Which molecule is not a carbohydrate?
View Available Hint(s)

Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
Lipid

lipid

Which of the following statements about monosaccharide structure is true?
View Available Hint(s)

-Monosaccharides can be classified according to the spatial arrangement of their atoms.
-All monosaccharides contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms.
-Aldoses and ketoses differ in the position of their hydroxyl groups.
-A six-carbon sugar is called a pentose.

-Monosaccharides can be classified according to the spatial arrangement of their atoms

True or false? Peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide found only in bacteria.
View Available Hint(s)

True
False

true

Which complex carbohydrate contains only a-1,4-glycosidic linkages?
View Available Hint(s)

Amylose
Cellulose
Glycogen
Amylopectin

amylose

Which of the following complex carbohydrates is listed with its correct function?
View Available Hint(s)

Cellulose: structural component of plant cell walls
Chitin: constituent of bacterial cell walls
Starch: primary energy-storage molecule in animals
Amylose: main component of plant starch

Cellulose: structural component of plant cell walls

Which polysaccharide contains a modified monosaccharide?
View Available Hint(s)

Glycogen
Peptidoglycan
Starch
Cellulose

peptidoglycan

Part complete
Both carbohydrates and fats are used as fuel in cells, but fats store twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrates. Which statement best explains why?

-Fats have more C-C and C-H bonds with high potential energy, and fewer C-O bonds with low potential energy.
-Fats have more C-C and C-H bonds with low potential energy, and fewer C-O bonds with high potential energy.
-Fats have more C-O bonds with low potential energy, and fewer C-C and C-H bonds with high potential energy.
-Fats have more C-O bonds with high potential energy, and fewer C-C and C-H bonds with low potential energy.

-Fats have more C-C and C-H bonds with high potential energy, and fewer C-O bonds with low potential energy.

Which of the following chemical bonds have the lowest potential energy?
View Available Hint(s)

C-H bonds
C-O bonds
C-C bonds
All of these bonds have equivalent potential energy.

C-O bonds

Which statement best explains why a relatively small difference in the location of a carbonyl or hydroxyl group can lead to dramatic changes in the properties and function of a monosaccharide?
View Available Hint(s)

-It changes the amount of energy stored in the monosaccharide.
-It changes the chemical formula of the monosaccharide.
-It changes the number of covalent bonds in the monosaccharide.
-It changes the shape of the monosaccharide.

-It changes the shape of the monosaccharide.

A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a _____.

polysaccharide
phospholipid
fatty acid
nucleic acid
monosaccharide

monosaccharide

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

C18H30O15
C18H32O16
C3H6O3
C6H10O5
C18H36O18

C18H32O16

How do the α and β forms of glucose differ?

-Their ring structures differ in the location of a hydroxyl group.
-Their linear structures differ in the location of a hydroxyl group.
-The α form can be involved in 1,4- and 1,6-glycosidic linkages; the β form can participate only in 1,4 linkages.
-The oxygen atom inside the ring is located in a different position.

-Their ring structures differ in the location of a hydroxyl group.

What is the difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar?

One is a ring form; the other is a linear chain.
the position of the hydroxyl groups
the number of carbons
the position of the carbonyl group

the position of the carbonyl group

Glucose (C6H12O6) has a single carbonyl group (C=O) in its linear form. Based on the number of oxygen atoms in glucose, how many hydroxyl groups (OH) would you expect glucose to have?

5
3
6
1

5

How could two four-sugar oligosaccharides be structurally different even if both consist of two glucose monomers and two galactose monomers? See Section 5.2 (Page 111) .
View Available Hint(s)

-Only the location and geometry of glycosidic linkages could vary.
-One oligosaccharide could contain aldoses while the other contains ketoses.
-The sequence of monomers along the chain or the location and geometry of glycosidic linkages could vary (or both).
-Only the sequence of monomers along the chain could vary.

-The sequence of monomers along the chain or the location and geometry of glycosidic linkages could vary (or both).

Which of the following linkages would you expect to find at a branch point in glycogen or amylopectin?

α-1,4-glycosidic linkage
β-1,6-glycosidic linkage
α-1,6-glycosidic linkage
β-1,4-glycosidic linkage

α-1,6-glycosidic linkage

Which of the following molecules contains at least one peptide bond?

peptidoglycan
glycogen
cellulose
chitin

peptidoglycan

Which of the following structural features is common to cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan?

-They are all composed of glucose in either the α or β form.
-They are all composed of highly branched fibers.
-They can all form bonds between polymer chains that create parallel strands.
-They all contain peptide bonds.

-They can all form bonds between polymer chains that create parallel strands.

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?

cellulose
starch
starch, cellulose, and chitin
chitin
starch and chitin only

starch

Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?

polysaccharide
starch
monosaccharide
carbohydrate
disaccharide

carbohydrate

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking 10 glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

C60H120O60
C60H111O51
C60H102O51
C60H100O50
C6H12O6

C60H102O51

Which statement most accurately describes how the carbohydrates you ate during breakfast today are functioning in your body right now?
View Available Hint(s)

They are storing and replicating hereditary information.
They are storing chemical energy, indicating cell identity, and serving as raw material for synthesizing other molecules.
They are storing chemical energy, indicating cell identity, and serving as the primary structural components of plasma membranes.
They are catalyzing a variety of chemical reactions.

They are storing chemical energy, indicating cell identity, and serving as raw material for synthesizing other molecules.

What are three ways monosaccharides differ from one another?

the orientations of their hydroxyl groups
the number of monomers in the molecule
the location of their carbonyl group
the type of glycosidic linkage
the number of carbon atoms they contain
the orientations of the C-1 hydroxyl

the orientations of their hydroxyl groups the location of their carbonyl group the number of carbon atoms they contain

What holds cellulose molecules together in bundles large enough to form fibers?

the cell wall
hydrogen bonds
peptide bonds
hydrophobic interactions

hydrogen bonds

What are the primary functions of carbohydrates in cells?

-energy storage, information storage, polymerization, and raw material source for synthesis
-cell identity, energy storage, raw material source for synthesis, and structure
-catalysis, digestion, energy storage, and information storage
-catalysis, energy storage, metabolism, and structure

-cell identity, energy storage, raw material source for synthesis, and structure

Which of the differences listed here could be found among molecules of the same monosaccharide?

different orientations of a hydroxyl group in the linear form
different orientations of a hydroxyl group in the ring form
different positions of the carbonyl group in the linear form
different number of carbons

different orientations of a hydroxyl group in the ring form