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genetics |
The scientific study of heredity is called _____. true-breeding heredity breeding genetics |
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Offspring of two different true-breeding varieties are called hybrids. |
Which of the following statements is correct? A. A genetic cross produces the P generation. B. Mendel’s pea plants could cross-fertilize but not self-fertilize. C. Offspring of two different true-breeding varieties are called hybrids. D. True-breeding plants are able to produce a variety of flower colors when self-fertilized. |
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phenotype |
The physical traits of an organism are called its _____. genotype allele gene phenotype |
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homozygous for two different genes |
A plant with the genotype AABbcc is __________. A. heterozygous for two different genes B. homozygous for two different genes C. recessive for three different genes D. triploid |
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four … one |
GgTt pea plants can produce _____ type(s) of gamete(s), but a ggtt plant can produce _____ type(s) of gamete(s). four … two four … one two … one one … two |
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cystic fibrosis |
The most common lethal genetic disease in the United States is _____. A. hemophilia B. sickle-cell disease C. cystic fibrosis D. Huntington’s disease |
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DNA sequencing |
An important technique that helps provide insight into interesting genetic questions at the molecular level, such as reasons for hairless dogs, is called _____. A. a testcross B. DNA sequencing C. genetic testing D. inbreeding |
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wild type |
The most common phenotype in a natural population is referred to as the __________. A. autosome B. genotype C. wild type D. mutant phenotype |
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cystic fibrosis |
The most common lethal genetic disease in the United States is __________. A. Huntington’s disease B. hemophilia C. sickle-cell disease D. cystic fibrosis |
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Red and white show incomplete dominance. |
You cross a true-breeding red-flowered snapdragon with a true-breeding white-flowered snapdragon. All of the F1 are pink. What can you say about the alleles for the parental traits? A. Pink is dominant, whereas red and white are recessive. B. Red is dominant. C. Red and white show incomplete dominance. D. Both red and white are recessive. |
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offspring have an appearance in between the phenotypes of the two parents |
Incomplete dominance is a condition in plants and people where __________. A. offspring have an appearance in between the phenotypes of the two parents B. a single gene impacts more than one characteristic C. most heritable diseases arise D. multiple alleles are responsible for an inheritance pattern |
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multiple alleles |
The ABO blood group in humans is an example of __________ producing four phenotypes. A. pleiotropy B. polygenic inheritance C. people with genetic disorders D. multiple alleles |
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sickle-cell disease |
This genetic disorder causes red blood cells to assume an unusual shape and produce abnormal hemoglobin proteins. A. sickle-cell disease B. Tay-Sachs disease C. Huntington’s disease D. achondroplasia |
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polygenic inheritance |
Which of the following is used to define a phenotypic characteristic resulting from the expression of two or more genes? A. linked genes B. pleiotropy C. polygenic inheritance D. incomplete dominance |
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According to Mendel’s laws, the effects of our environment are not passed on to the next generation. |
Surprising new evidence has shown that, in some cases, environmental factors can modify chromosomes in such a way that changes the expression of genes without changing genes themselves or any part of the DNA sequence. These modifications are called epigenetic effects. Epigenetic effects can sometimes even be passed from generation to generation. In what way would this kind of "inheritance" be an exception to Mendel’s laws? A. Mendel’s laws apply only to pea plants, not all sexually reproducing organisms. B. According to Mendel’s laws, the effects of our environment are not passed on to the next generation. C. Since they are scientific laws, Mendel’s laws can’t be violated even if there is new evidence to the contrary. D. These effects must be caused by mutations. |
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are on the same chromosome |
Linked genes are genes that __________. A. are on the same chromosome B. reside on the sex chromosomes C. have the same alleles residing on them D. govern traits (such as hair texture and hair color) that are functionally related |
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The genes are linked and are inherited together. |
Assume you were studying two characteristics of peas, and when you crossed heterozygous F1 individuals you did not see the 9:3:3:1 ratio predicted for a dihybrid cross. You later found that these two characteristics were on the same chromosome. With this information, how would you explain the results? A. The genes are linked and are inherited together. B. The results can be explained as polygenic inheritance. C. There must have been a mutation. D. The genes must be on the sex chromosomes. |
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recombination frequency |
The percentage of recombinant phenotypes resulting from fertilization involving recombinant gametes is called _____. A. genetic recombination B. a linkage map C. mitosis D. recombination frequency |
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how far apart they are on the chromosome |
In general, the frequency with which crossing over occurs between two linked genes depends on __________. A. how far apart they are on the chromosome B. the phase of meiosis in which the crossing over occurs C. whether the genes are on the X chromosome or not D. whether the genes are dominant or recessive |
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a linkage map |
Using recombination data, it is possible to determine the location of genes on a chromosome. The result is _____. A. a pedigree B. a linkage map C. linked genes D. a carrier |
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male … the male can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome |
In humans, the __________ determines the sex of the offspring because __________. A. female … only the female has two functional sex chromosomes B. male … the male can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome C. male … the sperm can fertilize either a female egg or a male egg D. chromosome contribution from both parents … the offspring uses all the parents’ chromosomes |
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a sex-linked gene |
A gene that is located on a sex chromosome (X or Y chromosome) is __________. A. a linked gene B. a sex-linked gene C. usually a sex-determining factor D. the cause of albinism and cystic fibrosis |
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the gene for hemophilia is sex-linked |
Why are human males much more likely than human females to inherit the recessive condition hemophilia (a failure of the blood to clot properly)? A. the gene for hemophilia is carried on the Y chromosome B. the gene for hemophilia is sex-linked C. hemophilia is the wild type D. the hemophilia gene is carried on an autosome |
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X and Y |
The sex chromosomes in humans that make an individual a male are __________. > A. X and Y B. A and B C. X and 0 D. X and X |
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dogs and wolves are descended from a common ancestor |
As illustrated in this evolutionary tree of dog breeds, __________. A. dogs and wolves are descended from a common ancestor B. The Siberian husky and Alaskan malamute are the dog breeds most closely related to the wolf. C. the relationship between dogs and wolves is equal for all dog breeds D. only the most ancient breeds, not all dogs, are descended directly from wolves |
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