Chapter 9 Race

the concept of race

has changed over time

In ancient Egypt, physical markers were linked to

geography

Based on measurements of skull bumps, Blumenbach came up with five principal varieties of

humans

Because the German Nazis could not find a reliable marker to identify Jews, the Jews were forced to

wear a yellow star of David

The one-drop rule asserts that just "one drop" of black blood makes

a person black

The genetic variation that corresponds with geographic origins is much ________ than people commonly believe

less

The comparison between the Burakumin and the Japanese shows that race is

not just about physical or biological differences

Aristotle’s principle of civic association was that the true test of a person’s worth was in what they did, not who they were. All people were included in this except:

women

An 1851 excerpt from "Harper’s Weekly" magazine describes a certain racial group as law-breaking, idle, thriftless, poor, and barbarian. What group is this excerpt describing?

Irish

Modern racial thinking developed in the mid-seventeenth century in parallel with three global changees. What is not one of these global changes?

scientific innovations

European Christians and scientists interpreted the curse Noah put on his son Ham to mean that Ham:

was the original black man

In the nineteenth century, theories of race moved from religious-based racism to

scientific racism

Ethnocentrism classified nonwhites as abnormal and inferior to help justify

imperialism

Which group did Darwin side with, claiming that the notion of different species of humans was absurd?

monogenists

What group, led by Sir Francis Galton, believed that negative traits such as criminality were passed through bloodlines and could be bred out?

eugenicists

Nativists believed that restricting the immigration of certain groups would

protect the nation

Miscegenation refers to

interracial marriage

Muslims in America have undergone what scholars refer to as the formation of a new racial identity, in which new ideological boundaries of difference are drawn around a formerly unnoticed group of people or:

racialization

Most Arabs in the United States are not Muslim but ________, and about 20% of U.S. Muslims are ________.

Christian; African American

Some Muslims have been in North America since the seventeenth century, when they were transported from

Africa as slaves

About 35% of Muslims worldwide were born in

America

American’s first naturalization law, passed in 1790, granted citizenship to

free white people

Which act formalized the exclusive definition of whiteness by imposing immigration restrictions based on a national origins quota system that limited the yearly number of immigrants from each country?

Immigration Act of 1924

The differences between race and ethnicity underscore the privileged positions of ______ in America, who have the freedom to pick and choose their identities and freely show their ethnic backgrounds.

whites

Compared with 11% of the U.S. population as a whole, around 33% of Native Americans die before age

45

Afro-Caribbeans such as Cubans, Haitians, and Jamaicans resent being unilaterally categorized as African American, because these immigrant groups:

have a unique culture and language

In 1907 the United States barred immigration from what country, because its people were seen as a threat to the American-born labor force?

China

In one study of television portrayals of Arabs, researchers found basic myths that continue to surround this group. What is not one of these myths

They don’t assimilate

Robert Park’s model explains the universally progressive pattern in which immigrants arrive, settle in, and achieve full assimilation in a newly homogeneous country. His model is called:

straight-line assimilation

The 1896 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education struck down what doctrine?

separate but equal

The black ghetto was manufactured by whites through a set of deliberate, conscious practices. What is not one of the practices mentioned in your book?

property owners signed secret agreements promising to exclude blacks

Japanese Internment camps resulted in

greater wealth for white Americans

Thoughts and feelings (usually negative) about an ethnic or racial group are referred to as

prejudice

What is the term that refers to the mass killing of a particular population?

genocide

What is not a response to oppression?

prejudice

What term refers to the more overt form of resistance through a movement such as revolution or genocide through nonviolent protest?

collective resistance

During the mid-twentieth century in the United States, many blacks moved north to escape the Jim Crow laws in the rural south. This resulted in

competition for housing and employment in the North, resulting in violent clashes between whites and blacks