Chapter 9 Gov 2

113) The fact that candidates must tailor their appeals to the particular interest of each major state
tends to result in

A) numerous campaign promises adding up to new government programs.
B) increased public interest in the campaign.
C) limiting the scope of government.
D) a more open and democratic process.
E) a tilt toward statesʹ rights at the expense of the national government.

A

111) Party outsiders have ________ getting elected in the United States than in other countries.

A) about the same chance of
B) no chance of
C) a much easier time
D) a somewhat more difficult time
E) a much less likely chance of

C

109) Throughout American history, presidential campaigns have become

A) dirtier and dirtier.
B) shorter and shorter.
C) more and more secretive.
D) more and more democratic.
E) all of the above

D

107) Americaʹs party nomination system could best be described as

A) open and entrepreneurial.
B) rational and bureaucratized.
C) informal, but rational.
D) a meritocracy.
E) an apprenticeship system.

A

97) The relationship between campaign spending and electoral success is that

A) spending more than your opponent does not assure victory.
B) the candidate who spends the most is sure to win.
C) the more incumbents spend, the more likely they are to be reelected.
D) the amount of money spent and winning are entirely unrelated.
E) none of the above

A

95) Research has shown that the cost of American election campaigns is

A) high compared to other countries.
B) decreasing when the rising cost of living is taken into account.
C) per person, about the same as a DVD movie.
D) only about 25 cents per voter.
E) a national scandal.

C

105) Which of the following factors weaken political campaignsʹ effects on voters?

A) selective perception, party identification, and incumbent name recognition
B) negative advertising, party identification, and incumbent name recognition
C) campaign expenditures, party identification, and incumbent name recognition
D) selective mobilization, party identification, and incumbent name recognition
E) selective mobilization, negative advertising and incumbent name recognition

A

103) Campaigns are most effective in

A) getting people to contribute time and money.
B) converting voters from one candidate to another.
C) reinforcing existing preferences toward candidates.
D) educating people on the issues.
E) shaping how the media will portray a candidate to the public.

C

101) Campaigns strengthen voter commitment to the usual party or the candidate they previously
supported by emphasizing ________ as part of their campaign strategy.

A) conversion
B) reinforcement
C) activation
D) persuasion
E) direct mail

B

93) Which of the following statements about Political Action Committees (PACs) is FALSE?

A) All PAC expenditures must be meticulously accounted for to the FEC.
B) PACs have proliferated in recent years.
C) The influence of PACs is particularly important in presidential campaigns.
D) Candidates need PACs because high-tech campaigning is expensive.
E) PACs contribute money before and after elections.

C

91) Most PACs give money to

A) candidates who disagree with them, but who are likely to be ʺbought.ʺ
B) candidates of only one political party.
C) candidates who already agree with them in the first place.
D) the parties and let them distribute money among their candidates as they see fit.
E) challengers trying to unseat incumbents

C

89) Critics of the PAC system are concerned that

A) PACs are not regulated.
B) they tend to support only Republican candidates.
C) PACs are too weak and ineffective to contribute to a strong democracy.
D) only the largest and most powerful interest groups can afford to form PACs.
E) PACs may control what the electoral winners do once in office.

E

99) According to Herbert Alexanderʹs ʺdoctrine of sufficiency,ʺ

A) there is a minimum amount of money that candidates must spend to have a chance at
winning.
B) candidates with large personal fortunes are almost guaranteed victory, unless their
opponent is of roughly equal net worth.
C) in order to win a candidate must have more money than his or her opponent.
D) the wealthier candidate always wins.
E) a candidateʹs sense of self-worth, not money, is most important to a successful
campaign.

A

87) PACs are

A) committees formed to lobby government officials in behalf of their interests.
B) state commissions organized to reform campaign financing practices.
C) committees organized by interest groups to channel money to parties and candidates.
D) subcommittees of the FEC.
E) groups organized by political activists to increase voter participation.

C

77) Soft money is

A) money donated by a person to his or her own campaign.
B) cash contributions that are not traceable and in some situations illegal.
C) small donations that, while important to a campaign, are not as important as larger
contributions.
D) money loaned to a campaign, but expected to be paid back.
E) money donated to parties rather than candidates, thus not subject to contribution or
spending limits.

E

85) The McCain-Feingold Act of 2002 did all of the following EXCEPT

A) barred groups from running ʺissue adʺ within 60 days of a general election if they refer to
a federal candidate and are not funded through a PAC.
B) banned soft money contributions.
C) increased the amount that individuals could give to candidates form $1,000 to $2,000.
D) indexed the limit on individual contributions to inflation in future years.
E) none of the above

E

83) The hydraulic theory says that money always finds a way to get around legal obstacles. Thus,
when the soft money loophole was closed, how did money continue to find its way into
political campaigns?

A) through the McCain-Feingold loophole
B) through dense money
C) through 527 Groups
D) through the garden hose loophole
E) through buying bulk purchases of books to avoid limits on campaign contributions

C

75) In the 1976 case of Buckley v. Valeo, the Supreme Court ruled that

A) the limitation on the amount of money persons could contribute to their own election
campaigns violated free speech, and was unconstitutional.
B) presidential election campaigns could not be paid for by tax dollars.
C) the forced disclosure of contributions to federal elections violated freedom of association,
and was therefore unconstitutional.
D) the limitation on the amount of money people could contribute to their own election
campaigns was not a violation of free speech, and was constitutional.
E) congressional and state legislative districts must be of equal population and
reapportioned every ten years.

A

81) In Buckley v. Valeo (1976), the Supreme Court

A) ruled that the wildly unequal campaign expenditures of candidates for government
office were a violation of the Equal Protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and
ordered Congress and the states to develop mechanisms to assure equal funding of all
major candidates.
B) limited the activities of Political Action Committees.
C) struck down the part of the Federal Election Campaign Act that restricted the amount
individuals could contribute to their own campaign.
D) stated that the Federal Election Commission had no power to enforce compliance with
their requirements.
E) declared the Federal Election Campaign Act unconstitutional.

C

73) According to the Federal Election Campaign Act, candidates must

A) disclose who contributed to their campaigns, and how the money was spent.
B) reject any contributions of Political Action Committees that exceed $1,000.
C) apply for federal funds if they are running in a presidential election.
D) raise their own campaign funds.
E) all of the above

A

79) Donating $200,000 to a political party to help its presidential nominee in somewhat indirect
ways is

A) legal, and known as soft money.
B) illegal under the McCain-Feingold Act.
C) of unclear legality and the subject of a controversial and vague Supreme Court ruling.
D) legal, and known as a PAC contribution.
E) illegal under the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA).

B

71) The administration of the campaign finance laws and the enforcement of compliance with
their requirements is handled by the

A) Fair Political Practices Commission.
B) Campaign Finance Bureau of the Department of the Treasury.
C) Department of Justice.
D) Federal Election Commission.
E) Government Accounting Office.

D

69) Which of the following did the Federal Election Campaign Act NOT do?

A) require disclosure of campaign contributions by all candidates for federal offices
B) provide public financing for the presidential nominees of both major parties
C) provide public financing of House and Senate races
D) limit presidential campaign spending
E) provide public financing of Senate races

c

67) The member of a presidential campaign who helps reporters make their deadlines with stories
that the campaign would like to see reported is the

A) press secretary.
B) media liaison.
C) propagandist.
D) director of public relations.
E) media consultant.

a

65) Media coverage of a candidateʹs campaign is a function of

A) how candidates spend their advertising budget.
B) the ʺfreeʺ attention they get as newsmakers.
C) the nature of their policy agenda
D) both A and B
E) none of the above

D

63) Most of the money spent on presidential campaigns these days is spent on

A) computer services.
B) air travel, hotels, and meals.
C) direct mail.
D) printing.
E) the media.

E

61) The largest expenditure in a campaign budget for the presidency or a statewide office today
would almost certainly be

A) travel, hotels, and food for the candidate and campaign staff.
B) television advertising.
C) the salaries of the campaign manager, pollster, counsel, and other staff.
D) direct mail.
E) buttons, signs, car bumper stickers, billboards, and brochures.

B

59) Providing select information and a request for money to lists of people who have supported
candidates of similar views in the past is a frequently used political technique known as

A) soft money.
B) conversion.
C) direct mail.
D) fundraising.
E) caucusing.

C

57) The final major event of each partyʹs national convention, during the last hour or so on the
fourth and final night, is the

A) adoption of the party platform.
B) acceptance speech by the presidential candidate.
C) roll-call vote for the presidential nomination.
D) keynote speech.
E) inaugural ball and champagne party to honor the new nominee.

B

55) The partyʹs platform is drafted

A) after the convention, by a committee made up exclusively of supporters of the winning
nominee.
B) before the convention, by a committee whose members are chosen in rough proportion to
each candidateʹs strength.
C) after the convention, by a committee of party members chosen in rough proportion to
each candidateʹs strength.
D) during the convention, usually in the morning hours when cameras are not rolling.
E) by the partyʹs presidential nominee in the days after the convention is over.

B

53) Over the years, television coverage of national party conventions has

A) received increasingly high Nielsen ratings.
B) become more dramatic.
C) shifted to local affiliate reporters focusing on their state delegations and away from the
national network anchors.
D) been scaled back.
E) steadily increased.

D

51) With the advent of television,

A) presidential caucuses were replaced by primaries.
B) television coverage of conventions increased steadily.
C) multiballot conventions died.
D) conventions became shorter.
E) All of these occurred.

c

49) Critics of a national primary argue that

A) the campaign would be lengthened.
B) obscure candidates would receive too much of an advantage.
C) the media would have little impact.
D) no candidate would receive a majority, thus a run-off election would be needed.
E) All of these could happen.

D

47) Critics of primaries and caucuses contend that the presidential ʺkingmakersʺ are now

A) party bosses.
B) the few who vote in the caucuses and primaries.
C) the media.
D) interest groups.
E) state party organizations.

C

45) Critics of the primary and caucus system point to the fact that

A) disproportionate attention goes to the later caucuses and primaries.
B) no precedent for them is written into the Constitution.
C) only the best known candidates have a chance of winning the primaries and caucuses.
D) participation in primaries and caucuses is unrepresentative of the public at large.
E) none of the above

D

43) Voters in presidential primaries and caucuses tend to be

A) very similar to the rest of the United States population in terms of education and income.
B) older and more affluent than the United States population as a whole.
C) minorities and notably younger than the general population.
D) somewhat less educated and somewhat poorer on average than the United States
population as a whole.
E) far less educated and much poorer on average than the United States population as a
whole.

B

41) Iowa and New Hampshire have been especially important in the nomination process over the
past several decades because they help candidates to

A) build momentum.
B) generate media attention.
C) generate money.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

D

39) In achieving ʺmomentum,ʺ nothing helps a candidate more than

A) early unexpected primary and caucus victories.
B) winning where a win was expected.
C) a unanimous vote at the national nominating convention.
D) closing the gap in the last stages of the campaign.
E) strong competition.

A

37) The state that has disproportionate power because it holds the first presidential primary each
election year is

A) New York.
B) California.
C) Iowa.
D) New Hampshire.
E) Rhode Island.

D

35) The rules determining the way in which the primaries are set up and the delegates are
allocated are made by

A) the electoral college.
B) the Constitution.
C) Congress.
D) the Federal Election Commission.
E) state legislatures and state parties.

E

33) In 2004 almost three-fourths of the Republican and Democrat delegates were chosen within
________ of the New Hampshire primary.

A) six months
B) two weeks
C) two months
D) six weeks
E) four weeks

D

31) For a candidate, the most important and desirable result of the early nomination contests is

A) doing well in a state highly representative of the entire United States population.
B) doing better than expected, thus winning an image as the partyʹs frontrunner and holder
of momentum.
C) winning the highest number of national convention delegates.
D) winning all of its electoral votes.
E) winning the highest number of votes

B

29) Superdelegates

A) are special delegates chosen by popular election.
B) are each able to cast three votes at their national convention rather than the standard one
vote.
C) are delegates uncommitted to a specific candidate.
D) have helped make the delegation more representative of the population.
E) have helped restore an element of peer review to the process of choosing a presidential
candidate.

E

27) Which of the following was NOT a reason for the Democratic party adding superdelegates to
its national nominating conventions?

A) the sense that party insiders and elected officials would be more likely to support the
most electable candidate
B) the need for establishing a ʺpeer reviewʺ to the process, with input from politicians who
often know the candidates best
C) the insistence of the McGovern-Fraser Commission to have superdelegates play a major
veto-like role
D) the feeling that earlier reforms had given too little say to the partyʹs state and national
leaders, with disastrous election results
E) none of the above

C

25) The addition of superdelegates to the Democratic national conventions was spearheaded by

A) those who felt the Warren Commission had led to unrepresentative delegate selection.
B) President Jimmy Carter.
C) the McGovern-Fraser Commission.
D) those who felt the McGovern-Fraser Commission had opened up the delegate selection
process too much.
E) the Warren Commission.

D

23) The McGovern-Fraser Commission made the delegate selection process of the Democratic
party more democratic by
A) giving the power of selecting delegates to party officials.
B) increasing the number of delegates chosen.
C) weakening the power of party leaders to choose convention delegates.
D) encouraging the use of presidential caucuses rather than primaries.
E) none of the above

C

21) The McGovern-Fraser Commission

A) chose presidential candidates for the Democratic party.
B) investigated violations of campaign finance law in 1968.
C) established the dates of presidential primaries.
D) had a mandate to make the Democratic party conventions more democratic.
E) strengthened the role of the partyʹs national committee.

D

19) In states with caucuses,

A) supporters of candidates try to get elected as delegates through a pyramid of meetings.
B) the state legislature selects the stateʹs delegates to the national conventions.
C) party leaders select delegates according to their own candidate preferences.
D) candidates appoint supporters to serve as delegates.
E) delegates are chosen through general election of a candidate.

A

17) Following the Democratic National Convention in Chicago in 1968, the party chose to

A) limit attendance at future conventions to the elected officers of the partyʹs organizations
nationwide.
B) limit attendance at future conventions to the partyʹs nationwide elected government
officeholders.
C) tighten up its convention delegate selection to keep it from being overrun by women,
minorities, youth, and single-issue groups.
D) allow party officers and Democratic officeholders, many of whom had not been seated at
recent conventions, to serve as ʺsuper delegates.ʺ
E) open up its process of choosing delegates to the national convention in order to respond
to demands for greater inclusion from women, minorities, youth, and other groups.

E

15) The presidential primary was begun in the early twentieth century, most strongly pushed by

A) Democratic party leaders in Congress.
B) Republican party leaders in Congress.
C) political reformers who wanted to take nominations out of the hands of party bosses.
D) party bosses who wanted to take nominations out of the hands of political reformers.
E) the members of the electoral college.

C

13) Precinct-level presidential caucuses

A) directly choose national convention delegates.
B) determine how many votes that state will cast for each of the presidential candidates at
the national convention.
C) have absolutely nothing to do with choosing delegates to the major partiesʹ national
nominating conventions.
D) choose delegates to state conventions where delegates to the national convention are
selected.
E) choose delegates to county caucuses/conventions where delegates to the state convention
are selected, then the state convention chooses national convention delegates.

E

11) Which of the following is TRUE about the presidential nomination process?

A) In most states, it is the party leadership that chooses the delegates, and ordinary party
voters have no say.
B) In most states, presidential primaries are held with the national convention delegates
allocated to each candidate in rough proximity to their percentage of popular vote.
C) In most states, caucuses of interested party voters are held to begin the delegate selection
process; only a small percentage of party voters attend, but it is open.
D) Presidential candidates are chosen by their partyʹs senators and representatives in
Congress.
E) Although caucuses or presidential primaries are held in all states, these are mere beauty
contests; convention delegates are chosen earlier by party officials who are uninterested
in the opinions of party voters.

B

9) The first presidential caucus of the campaign season is traditionally held in
A) Delaware.
B) California.
C) Minnesota.
D) New Hampshire.
E) Iowa.

E

) The Democratic and Republican candidates for president are formally nominated by the

A) presidential caucuses.
B) presidential primaries.
C) electoral college.
D) national party conventions.
E) national committees.

D

5) In most advanced industrialized countries, national campaigns

A) are even less dignified than in the United States.
B) occur once every four years.
C) are limited by law to no more than two months.
D) are longer than American elections.
E) occur only once every seven years.

C

3) Nomination for public office is

A) a partyʹs selection of a candidate.
B) being appointed to a government post.
C) a win in key state primaries.
D) a victory in the general election.
E) the incumbentʹs selection of a candidate.

A

1) A(n) ________ is a partyʹs official selection of a candidate to run for office.

A) appointment
B) nomination
C) conversion
D) imprimatur
E) endorsement

B

1) A political party is

A) less interested in winning elections than in particular public policy.
B) a group of people who agree on everything and organize annually to win elections.
C) a narrow interest group seeking advantage through elections.
D) a team of men and women with similar beliefs seeking legitimate control of the
government by through elections.
E) an organization devoted to implementing policy in the public interest.

D

3) In the description of political parties as ʺthree-headed political giants,ʺ which of the following
is NOT considered one of those three heads?

A) the party-in-government
B) the party-out-of-power
C) the party-in-the-electorate
D) the party as an organization
E) none of the above

B

5) The key spokespersons for political parties come from which of its major components?

A) the party-in-the-electorate
B) the party as an organization
C) the party-out-of-power
D) the leaders-of-the-party-organization
E) the party-in-government

E

7) According to the ʺthree-headed political giantʺ model of political parties, the largest
component of an American party is the

A) party as an organization.
B) party-in-the-states.
C) party Congress.
D) party-in-the-electorate.
E) party-in-government.

E

9) The people who keep the party running between elections and make its rules are members of
which ʺheadʺ of the party?

A) party-in-the-electorate
B) permanent party
C) party as an organization
D) party-in-government
E) party-in-the-states

C

11) The political ʺparty-in-the-electorateʺ is defined as people who

A) vote for the candidates from one party.
B) register as members of a party.
C) work for a partyʹs candidates.
D) identify with a party.
E) walk door-to-door to meet the voters and personally campaign for their partyʹs
candidates.

D

21) Compared to 1952, recent polls on party identification have shown that

A) more people today identify themselves as Democrats.
B) there are more independents than there are Democrats or Republicans.
C) the percentage of Democrats has increased only slightly, while the percentage of
Republicans has declined.
D) both the percentages of both Democrats and Republicans in the country have increased.
E) none of the above

B

13) Which is a linkage institution?

A) Supreme Court
B) Executive Office of the President
C) Congress
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

E

25) Most Americans are

A) liberal.
B) moderate-liberals.
C) moderate.
D) conservative.
E) non-ideological.

C

23) The upsurge of partisan independence among Americans since 1952

A) has come mostly at the expense of the Republicans.
B) has not harmed either party.
C) has come mostly at the expense of the Democrats.
D) has occurred mostly among minor party identifiers.
E) has harmed both parties equally.

C

15) Political parties perform all of the following tasks EXCEPT

A) pick policymakers and run campaigns.
B) enforce rigid adherence to their policy positions.
C) advocate public policies.
D) coordinate policymaking.
E) give cues to voters.

B

17) Linkage institutions

A) help link the three branches of government together to achieve coherent policies.
B) are used to implement public policies.
C) link political parties to the government.
D) translate inputs from the public into outputs from the policymakers.
E) link the president to members of his/her party in Congress, so they can coordinate their
policies in government.

D

27) Ticket-splitting refers to
A) switching membership in political parties.

B) the procedure used to conduct computerized, automated vote counting.
C) voting with one party in one presidential election, and another party in the next
presidential election.
D) voting for one party for one office, and another party for other offices.
E) voting for a party other than the one you identify with.

D

31) Party machines in large cities relied primarily on ________ to reward friends and punish
enemies.

A) local judges
B) patronage
C) city police departments
D) the civil service merit system
E) third parties

B

29) Power in the major United States political parties is

A) fragmented among local, state, and national party organizations.
B) concentrated in the state parties, with national and local organizations playing only
minor roles.
C) hierarchically distributed from the national to local levels.
D) centralized in national party organizations.
E) concentrated in party machines at the local level.

A

19) Rational-choice theory asserts that

A) the parties should not be expected to differentiate themselves in any way.
B) more extremist party positions give the public a sense that things can really be changed,
and usually win elections.
C) the wise party selects policies in which it truly believes, and gives the voters a chance to
vote them up or down on principle.
D) the wise party selects policies that are widely favored.
E) none of the above

D

33) Patronage

A) is commonly used by political parties today.
B) is an incentive given by national party offices.
C) is the deference that elected officials give to their campaign contributors in making policy
decisions.
D) is based on merit and competence.
E) was an inducement of jobs and financial rewards given for political reasons by party
machines.

E

35) Since 1960, state party organizations

A) have begun selecting candidates for state offices.
B) have been established for the first time as the national organizations have weakened.
C) have virtually disappeared as the national units have taken on their functions.
D) have begun selecting candidates for Congress.
E) have become much more powerful and organized.

E

37) In closed primaries,

A) voters may vote for candidates from either party.
B) voters may choose on election day which party primary they want to participate in.
C) only voters who have registered in advance with the party can vote.
D) voters may vote for multiple candidates.
E) none of the above

C

39) In blanket primaries,

A) voters may choose on election day which party primary they want to participate in.
B) only voters who have registered in advance with the party can vote.
C) voters may vote for candidates from either party.
D) voters may vote for multiple candidates.
E) none of the above

c

41) Blanket primaries

A) cost less than open primaries.
B) discourage party loyalty.
C) depress voter turnout.
D) encourage party loyalty.
E) have fewer undercounts.

D

43) Each party holds a national convention every

A) six years.
B) year.
C) four years.
D) five years.
E) two years.

C

44) The supreme power within each of the parties is

A) the state party organizations.
B) the president.
C) the Supreme Party Court.
D) the national convention.
E) the national committee.

E

45) Keeping the party operating between conventions is the job of the

A) national committee.
B) regional offices.
C) elected officials.
D) congressional leadership.
E) majority or minority whip.

A

46) The chairperson of the party that controls the White House is normally selected by

A) members of the party in Congress.
B) a committee of state chairpersons.
C) the president.
D) closed primary.
E) none of the above

c

47) Every political party depends upon what the text calls a ________ , meaning a set of individuals or groups supporting it.

A) system of patronage
B) coalition
C) set of super delegates
D) power base
E) linkage institution

b

49) The day-to-day activities of the national party are the responsibility of the

A) congressional party leaders.
B) national chairperson.
C) president.
D) national committee.
E) national convention.

B

51) Political candidates make many promises when running for office. In electing one, the public can expect

A) specific implementation of the promise to differ from the general promise made during
the campaign.
B) few to be carried out because political promises are made to be broken.
C) that for every broken promise, many more will be kept.
D) a significant gap between party platform and political performance.
E) both A and D.

C

53) A study of major party platforms by Gerald Pomper found that the parties broke their
promises

A) ten percent of the time.
B) half the time.
C) two-thirds of the time.
D) over ninety percent of the time.
E) a third of the time.

A

55) A party era begins, or is made more certain, with

A) the defeat of an incumbent president.
B) a critical election.
C) the founding of a new major party.
D) party competition.
E) a congressional election.

B

57) Party realignments in the United States

A) occur when a party makes dramatic changes in its positions on issues.
B) involve the death of one party and the birth of a brand new one.
C) are slight adjustments of political allegiance among voters in at least one region of the
country.
D) happen after most presidential elections, and occasionally in-between.
E) are rare events in the United States, usually associated with a major national crisis or
trauma, in which one partyʹs majority domination is replaced with anotherʹs.

E

59) The first party system in the United States consisted of the

A) Democrats and Whigs.
B) Federalists and Whigs.
C) Democrats and Republicans.
D) Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
E) Democratic-Republicans and Whigs

D

61) The Democratic-Republicans were also known as the

A) Jeffersonians.
B) Madisonians.
C) Whigs.
D) Federalists.
E) Hamiltonians.

A

63) At the beginning of party development in the United States,

A) parties tried to defeat each other in elections.
B) there were many small parties, each representing a narrow interest.
C) we had a one-party system where one powerful party dominated the government and
blocked the creation of new parties.
D) parties sought to destroy each other.
E) parties were merely the personal following of certain charismatic individuals.

D

65) The policy positions stated in party platforms are

A) of some importance because they are unambiguous statements of where a party stands.
B) intended to get a candidate elected, not to be implemented.
C) of little importance because only 10 to 25 percent of the positions are acted upon by
government.
D) very important because nearly three-fourths of them result in policy action when the
party is in power.
E) never important because less than one-third of them result in policy action when the
party is in power.

D

67) ʺCritical electionsʺ always result in the

A) widespread public questioning of the American election process accompanied by calls
for its reform.
B) displacement of the minority party by the majority party.
C) formation of new political parties.
D) successful bid by a third political party.
E) formation of new coalitions for each political party.

E

69) Americaʹs first and shortest-lived major political party was the

A) Anti-Federalist party.
B) Whig party.
C) Democratic-Republican party.
D) Federalist party.
E) Independence party.

D

71) Andrew Jackson was the first president identified as a(n)

A) Independent.
B) Democrat.
C) Republican.
D) Democratic-Republican.
E) Whig.

B

73) During the second party system in United States history, Martin Van Buren argued that

A) political parties were harming the country because they promoted factionalism, petty
bickering, and disunity.
B) the Whigs should be the sole party, as they were the only legitimate representatives of
the people.
C) the Democrats should be the sole party, as they were the only legitimate representatives
of the people.
D) the Republicans should be the sole party, as they were the only legitimate representatives
of the people.
E) a governing party needed a loyal opposition party to represent parts of society that it
could not.

E

75) The Whig party

A) was named after the wigs that the early aristocrats such as George Washington wore.
B) dominated the second American party era between 1828 and 1856.
C) forged a coalition of westerners, southerners, and new immigrants.
D) believed in broadening political opportunity, eliminating vestiges of elitism, and
mobilizing the masses.
E) was only able to win the presidency when it nominated aging, but popular, military
heroes.

E

77) The Republican party began as the

A) party of big business interests.
B) principal anti-slavery party.
C) principal pro-slavery party.
D) party of statesʹ rights and silver money.
E) party of the New Deal.

b

79) The Depression of the 1930s gave rise to what is called

A) econo-politics.
B) party competition.
C) the Era of Divided Government.
D) the New Deal coalition.
E) the Republican resurgence.

d

81) Who was the president who brought together the original New Deal coalition in support of his
candidacy?

A) Woodrow Wilson
B) Lyndon Johnson
C) John F. Kennedy
D) Franklin D. Roosevelt
E) Herbert Hoover

D

83) The election of 1896 is considered a watershed because it

A) entrenched western farmers and silverites in the Republican party.
B) shifted the party coalitions and entrenched the Republicans in power for another
generation.
C) gave Republicans control of the South.
D) marked the rise of the Populist party, which dominated American politics until the
Depression.
E) brought the industrial working classes and Wall Street interests together into the
Democratic fold.

B

85) Which of the following groups was NOT part of the New Deal coalition?

A) African Americans
B) Southerners
C) members of labor unions
D) wealthy New Englanders
E) Catholics and Jews

D

87) The New Deal coalition made the ________ party the minority party for decades.

A) Socialist
B) Federalist
C) Whig
D) Republican
E) Democratic

D

89) In elections since 1968,

A) the Democrats have dominated both the presidency and the Congress.
B) the Republicans have dominated both the presidency and the Congress.
C) party control of both Congress and the presidency has shifted from one party to the other
at least every other election.
D) the Democrats have dominated the presidency, while the Republicans have dominated
Congress.
E) the Republicans have dominated the presidency, while the Democrats have dominated
the Congress.

E

91) Party dealignment is symbolized by

A) the 1992 election of a president and Congress of the same party.
B) the recent pattern of one-party control.
C) a renewed commitment to Americaʹs two major political parties.
D) the recent pattern of divided government.
E) the Republican takeover of Congress in 1994.

D

93) Over the past thirty years, there has been a marked rise in

A) support for both the major and minor parties.
B) support for the Democratic party.
C) support for both the Democratic and Republican parties.
D) support for minor parties.
E) party neutrality.

E

95) In 1968 the Democratic party was torn apart, leaving the door to the presidency open for Republican Richard Nixon primarily due to

A) the failure of President Johnsonʹs War on Poverty.
B) the sudden evaporation of the New Deal coalition.
C) the abandonment of the Democratic party by African Americans.
D) President Johnsonʹs Vietnam War policies.
E) the severity of the mid-60ʹs recession.

D

97) Party dealignment means the

A) the inability of the parties to deal with the nationʹs problems.
B) lack of party cohesion in Congress.
C) realignment of party coalitions.
D) increasing inability of minority parties to win elections.
E) decreasing influence of both parties on voters and government.

E

99) Ross Perotʹs candidacies for president in 1992 and 1996 were lmao an example of what type of third-party campaign?

A) a split-level party
B) a party espousing an extreme ideological position
C) a splinter party
D) a party serving as an extension of one individualʹs candidacy
E) none of the above

D

101) Which of the following is TRUE about most third-party campaigns in American history?

A) They almost never win office.
B) They occasionally succeed.
C) They usually become major political parties over time.
D) They have been most successful at promoting party dealignment.
E) They frequently are successful.

A

103) Critically affecting the electoral college vote, bringing new issues to the public agenda, and
venting popular discontent are important roles played by

A) intra-party factions.
B) splinter groups in a multiparty system.
C) the two-party system in thwarting extreme or unconventional views.
D) third parties in a two-party system.
E) parties based on a single issue in a multiple-issue society.

D

105) In many other democracies, the system of awarding seats in the national legislature, unlike in
the United States, is one of

A) single-member districts.
B) intellectual merit alone.
C) winner-take-all.
D) virtual representation.
E) proportional representation.

E

107) If the United States had a multiparty system,

A) third parties would come to dominate politics.
B) the necessity for coalitions would be eliminated.
C) each party would have more distinct policy positions.
D) people would have to pay dues to belong to a party.
E) each party would move to the ideological center.

C

109) In proportional representation systems Page Ref

A) whoever gets the most votes wins the election.
B) each demographic group is allocated a certain number of positions in the government, in
proportion to that groupʹs percentage of the population.
C) coalition governments usually last for many years.
D) legislative seats are allocated according to each partyʹs percentage of the nationwide
vote.
E) every party gets represented in the legislature

D

110) The American two-party system promotes

A) the organization of political parties around special interests.
B) the weakness of centrist positions on policy issues.
C) moderation in conflict and ambiguous policy positions.
D) greater conflict, but clear policy choices.
E) competitive elections.

C

111) Advocates of the ________ believe that parties should present distinct, comprehensive programs for governing the nation and carry them out.

A) differentiation approach
B) McGovern-Fraser Commission
C) responsible party model
D) rational-choice theory
E) party realignment

C

113) In what way do weak political parties affect the scope of government?

A) They make it difficult for politicians to help their constituents.
B) They allow presidents to expand the scope of foreign policy, while they decrease the
domestic scope of government.
C) Being weak, they are unable to counteract the power of government so the scope of
government grows.
D) Since it is harder for them to enact legislation, it is hard for them to either expand or
decrease the scope of government.
E) They have had no real effect on the size and power of government.

D