Chapter 7 Stepping Beyond Confederation

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34) What is a republic?

34) a form of government in which elected representatives govern the people.

35) What two principles of government were suggested by Montesquieu’s writings?

35) separation of powers and balance of powers

36) What was the difference between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan?

36) Virginia plan advocated two legislative houses of which membership would be based on population. New Jersey plan advocated one legislative house, membership in which would be equal for all states.

37) Who proposed the Great Compromise, and what was his proposition?

37) Roger Sherman of Connecticut. Two legislative houses, one with equal representation and one with representation based on population

38) What was the three-fifths compromise?

38) a slave would be considered as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of taxes and representation

39) Why did the North and South have different views on the navigation and tariff laws?

39) The South did not have manufacturing and therefore did not want tariffs on manufactured goods. That would increase their cost of purchase. The North wanted tariffs on imports to protect their industry from cheap foreign competition.

40) Who were the Federalists? Who wrote The Federalist Papers, and what did the publication contain?

40) The Federalists were in favor of the Constitution and a strong central government. James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton. The articles contained a reasoned defense of the Constitution.

41) Who were the Anti-federalists and why did they take their position?

41) They were against the proposed Constitution and believed that it took power away from the states

42) How is a republic better than a true democracy?

42) Democracy is rule directly by the people and in a republic the people rule through elected representatives. Founders believed that a republican form of government best guaranteed the rights of all people

43) republic

43) government ruled by elected representatives under a constitution

44) Virginia Plan

44) proposed two legislative bodies with membership determined by population

45) New Jersey Plan

45) proposed one legislative body with membership equal among the states.

46) Great Compromise

46) proposed two legislative bodies with membership in one determined by population and membership in the other equal representation of all states.

47) census

47) a counting of the people (every 10 years)

48) three-fifths compromise

48) a slave should be considered three-fifths of a person for determining taxation and representation.

49) Federalists

49) Advocates of a strong central government and the Constitution

50) The Federalists Papers

50) essays written in support of the Constitution

51) Anti-Federalists

51) Opposed the Constitution and believed that it endangered the rights of the individual states.

52) electoral college

52) the system of electing a president required by the Constitution

53) Bill of Rights

3) the first ten amendments to the Constitution, guaranteeing certain personal freedoms

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