What was the main view how the world worked geologically prior to the 1960’s? |
A) It was generally believed that mountains were produced by vertical force |
Why did scientists not accept the Continental Drift hypothesis? |
C)It was based on observation from the southern hemisphere which was unfamiliar to most geologist |
The change from thinking the continents are stationary to understanding that the outer layer of the Earth moves slowly nearly all the time occurred primarily because? |
We began to make global observations that required recognition that the continents and oceans had not always been in their current positions |
The former late Paleozoic supercontinent is known as? |
Pangaea |
Wegener thought that |
There was once one big continents that later broke into several pieces |
Glossopteris, a fossil found in Africa, Australia, India, South America, and Antartica, i significant because |
It demonstrated that all the continents where the fossil is found must have been cold when the organism was alive |
In Wegener’s time , scientists thought that the occurrence of fossils of the same organism in two different, disconnect continents was proof of |
There had once been land bridges separating the continents |
——– was (were)never prosed as evidence supporting the existence of Pangea |
Late Paleozoic glacial features |
The main objection to Wegner’s theory of Continental Drift was |
Wegener’s gravitational mechanism for the movement of continents would also stop the Earth’s rotation, which has not happened |
Wegener’s work is a good demonstration of the scientific method because |
His hypothesis did not pass all the scientific test to become a theory |
Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary |
Hot spot |
Which of the following major discoveries was NOT made near or after World War II |
Rift valley in Africa |
Plate Tectonic boundaries were identified by |
mapping earthquakes and volcanoes |
A transform boundary is characterized by |
A deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions |
What is this image |
|
The lithosphere is the outer layer of the Earth characterized by |
Hard rock that break |
The asthenosphere is the second layer of Earth characterized by |
soft rock that flow easily |
Which of the following statement apply to the asthenosphere , but not the lithosphere |
Zone in the upper mantle that deforms by the plastic plate |
The largest lithospheric plate is the |
Pacific Plate |
Most deformation occurs along plate boundaries because |
The plates are in constant motion and as a result the boundaries are where they interact |
The most obvious evidence of the Plate boundary where two plates move apart is (are) |
Upwelling of hot material from the mantle |
When two plates move together, lithosphere is |
Destroyed |
New York ad London are on two separate plates so the distance between the cities is |
Increasing |
Oceanic ridges represent ——– percent of the Earths surface |
20 |
Evidence that tensile stress are actively pulling the lithosphere apart in an ocean ridge system is given by |
The existence of a rift valley in the ridge system |
All of the Earths ocean basins are |
Less than 200 million years old |
What is the typical rate for the seafloor spreading |
2cm/yr |
Which of the following is in a place where continental rifting is occurring today |
Mt. Kilimanjaro in East Africa |
Materials that was once considered to be asthenosphere can change to lithosphere by |
Cooling so that it will break |
Oceanic island arcs are similar to continental volcanic in that |
Oceanic islands arcs form by the same mechanism as continental arcs |
Oceanic lithosphere subjects because |
Old oceanic lithosphere is more dense that the asthenosphere |
Mount St. Helen and the other Cascade volcanos are |
Young, active stratovolcano built on a continental margin above a sinking slab of oceanic lithosphere |
The Himalayas formed as a result of |
A continent-continent convergence |
The —— is an example of an active, continent collusion |
Northward movement of India into Eurasia |
Deep ocean trenches are surficial evidence for |
Sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subdivision zone |
Why do scientists think that lithosphere has to destroy somewhere on or in the Earth |
Lithosphere is created at divergent boundaries and the Earth is not getting any larger |
An identifying characteristic of convergent boundaries is |
Deep, linear trenches in the seafloor |
Volcanoes form above subduction zone because |
Water squeezes out of the subducting slab and water triggers melting of the overlying asthosphere |
Which one of the following is an important fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory |
Earth surface area has been essentially constant over time |
Fracture zone associated with transform boundaries are |
Inactive faults |
The San Andreas fault zone in California is an example |
A transform plate boundaries |
Which ocean formed as a direct result of the break of Pangaea |
Atlantic |
Which of the following are evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics except |
Changes in the moon’s orbit due to the shifting plates |
Which of the following plates is getting significantly smaller |
Pacific |
Which part of Pangea broke apart first |
The United States and Africa |
Which of the following is NOT evidence collected by the Glomar Challenger in support of the Plate Tectonics model |
Continental crust is typically several hundred million years old and older |
The Hawaiian Island – Emperor Seamount chain as a result of |
Hot spot activities |
Apparent changes in the position of the magnetic pole measured in rocks in Europe is attributed to |
polar wandering |
A very long lives magma source located deep in the mantle is called |
Hot spots |
A map of the ages of the sea floor shows |
How fast the plates are moving |
What is GPS used for in study of plate tectonics |
It measures elevation of the plates |
The major driving force of tectonics is |
Subduction of cold , dense lithosphere |
Which convection model suggest "sluggish flow" in the lower mantle |
Ridge push |
Which of the following is considered the most important driving factor for Plate tectonics |
Slab pull |
Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics
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