What is the key question behind civil rights protection? |
What is the proper meaning of equal rights? |
When did civil rights become part of the U.S. Constitution? |
Civil rights were incorporated with the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment. |
Most of the government’s positive actions associated with the civil rights issue in the United States stem from the application of |
the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. |
Which of the following cases helped lead to the Civil War? |
Marbury v. Madison |
What goal did members of the abolitionist movement pursue? |
the end of slavery |
Which of the following people is most associated with the abolitionist movement? |
William Lloyd Garrison |
What was the Seneca Falls Convention? |
a meeting in upstate New York during the mid-nineteenth century regarding women’s rights |
The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees |
the right to vote for African American men. |
What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish? |
It abolished slavery. |
What does the term Jim Crow refer to? |
the system of racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction |
The Civil Rights Act of 1875 attempted to |
protect African Americans from discrimination in public accommodations like hotels and theaters. |
What was the Supreme Court’s response to the Civil Rights Act of 1875? |
It declared the act unconstitutional because it protected against acts of private discrimination, not state discrimination. |
During the late nineteenth century, the equal protection clause was |
severely limited in scope by the Supreme Court. |
The Supreme Court’s ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson |
established the separate but equal rule. |
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) had the most success with which political strategies for combating racism? |
lawsuits |
During World War II, ______ forced the federal government to address discriminatory hiring practices by threatening massive labor marches on Washington, D.C. |
A. Philip Randolph |
In 1890, ______ became the first state to allow women to vote. |
Wyoming |
A 1948 report on the problem of racial discrimination, To Secure These Rights, was issued by |
the White House. |
What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in Shelley v. Kraemer? |
Racially restrictive covenants on housing could not be enforced by courts. |
What was the Supreme Court’s record in segregation cases in the years before Brown v. Board of Education? |
The Court overturned forms of segregation using the separate but equal rule on factual grounds. |
"Strict scrutiny" is the level of judicial review the federal courts give to all cases that involve |
racial classifications. |
Which area of discrimination was touched by the legal principles of Brown v. Board of Education? |
public schools |
Legally enforced segregation in public schools is a form of ______ discrimination. |
de jure |
In their response to Brown v. Board of Education, southern states did all of the following except |
quickly desegregate their schools. |
In the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Congress vastly expanded the role of the executive branch and the credibility of court orders by |
requiring that federal grants-in-aid to state and local government for education be withheld from any school system practicing racial segregation. |
One step taken toward the desegregation of public schools was |
busing children from poor urban school districts to wealthier suburban ones. |
Which of the following best describes the federal courts’ trend toward school desegregation in the 1990s? |
The courts decreased the federal supervision of local school desegregation. |
What forbade workplace discrimination based on race? |
the Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
The right to vote was strengthened in 1975 when Congress |
made literacy tests illegal and mandated bilingual ballots or other assistance for non-English-speaking Americans. |
To draw voting districts so that one group or party is unfairly advantaged is called |
gerrymandering. |
What does the term redlining refer to? |
the practice of banks refusing to make loans to people living in certain neighborhoods |
It was during the tenure of Chief Justice ______ that the Supreme Court established gender discrimination as a highly visible area of civil rights law. |
Burger |
The attempt to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment was an important struggle for |
women. |
Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail to pass? |
It was not ratified by the necessary thirty-eight states. |
Title IX of the 1972 Education Act has had its greatest effect on |
university athletic programs. |
Under what conditions can a plaintiff successfully bring a sexual harassment charge? |
the plaintiff need prove neither economic nor psychological harm |
Which of the following are names of Latino civil rights organizations? |
G.I. Forum, LULAC, MALDEF |
What was the purpose of California’s Proposition 187? |
It barred unauthorized immigrants from receiving most public services. |
What happened to California’s Proposition 187? |
A federal court declared most of it a violation of the U.S. Constitution. |
Which group was excluded from immigrating to the United States from the late nineteenth century until the 1940s? |
Chinese |
United States v. Wong Kim Ark is an important case because it declared that |
anyone born in the United States was entitled to be a citizen. |
Before the 1920s, what was the political status of Native Americans? |
They were considered to be foreigners because their tribes were regarded as separate nations. |
The rights of disabled individuals to both access public businesses and not be discriminated against in employment are guaranteed by |
the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. |
In dealing with the issue of gays in the military, President Bill Clinton established a |
"don’t ask, don’t tell" policy. |
What did the Supreme Court rule in Bowers v. Hardwick? |
There was no constitutional right to privacy for consensual homosexual activity. |
In Lawrence v. Texas, the Supreme Court |
struck down a state law criminalizing homosexual conduct. |
Who inaugurated government affirmative action programs? |
Lyndon Johnson |
In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that |
quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional but affirmative action could be used. |
In the University of Michigan affirmative action cases, the Supreme Court |
rejected mechanical point systems for university admissions but upheld highly individualized affirmative action policies that were designed to promote diversity. |
California Proposition 209 was designed to |
outlaw all affirmative action programs in state and local government. |
Chapter 5 Gov.
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