|
Which polymers are composed of amino acids? |
Proteins |
|
Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid? |
An oxygen |
|
Which part of an amino acid is always acidic? |
Carboxyl functional group |
|
Which monomers make up RNA? |
Nucleotides. |
|
Which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides from amino acids is true? |
A bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid. |
|
True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions. |
True. |
|
What is another name for a condensation reaction? |
Dehydration. |
|
What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken? |
Hydrolysis. |
|
Protein polymers are made up of ______ monomers. |
amino acids |
|
Carbohydrate polymers are made up of ______ monomers. |
simple sugars |
|
Nucleic acid polymers are made up of ______ monomers. |
nucleotide |
|
A dehydration reaction (or condensation reaction) is the process in which _____. |
water molecules are produced as a polymer is formed from monomers. |
|
The four main categories of large biological molecules present in living systems are _____. |
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids |
|
Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions? |
either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups. |
|
In animal metabolism, most of the monomers released by digestion of food macromolecules are metabolized to provide energy. Only a small portion of these monomers are used for synthesis of new macromolecules. The net result is that ______. |
water is consumed by animal metabolism. |
|
How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long? |
10 |
|
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? |
Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. |
|
Hydrolysis |
the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water. |
|
Dehydration |
the loss or removal of water from something. |
|
Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they ______. |
are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions. |
|
DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase? |
The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. |
|
This statement is incorrect. |
All carbohydrates have the general formula Cn(H2O)n. |
|
A simple sugar is composed of equal parts carbon and water, which gave rise to the general name of any sugar as a _____. |
disaccharide |
|
A carbohydrate that yields many monosaccharides when hydrolyzed is a _____. |
monosaccharide |
|
A ______ cannot be hydrolyzed any further. |
polysaccharide |
|
Lactose, the sugar in milk, is a ______, because it can be split into two monosaccharides. |
carbohydrate |
|
Which molecule is not a carbohydrate? |
Lipid |
|
Which of the following statements about monosaccharide structure is true? |
Monosaccharides can be classified according to the spatial arrangement of their atoms. |
|
True or false? Peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide found only in bacteria. |
True |
|
Which complex carbohydrate contains only a-1,4-glycosidic linkages? |
Amylose |
|
Which of the following complex carbohydrates is listed with its correct function? |
Cellulose: structural component of plant cell walls. |
|
Which polysaccharide contains a modified monosaccharide? |
Peptidoglycan |
|
Glycogen is _____. |
a polysaccharide found in animals. |
|
Glucose + Glucose –> ______ by ______. |
Maltose + Water … dehydration synthesis. |
|
Which of these is a source of lactose? |
milk |
|
Which of these is a polysaccharide? |
cellulose |
|
_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth. |
Cellulose |
|
The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions? |
C18H32O16 |
|
A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a _____. |
carbohydrate and monosaccharide only. |
|
Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? |
As a disaccharide. |
|
Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because _____. |
humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose. |
Share This
Flashcard
