Which of these is the second of the three stages of cell signaling? |
Transduction is the second of the three stages of cell signaling. |
Receptors for nonsteroid hormones are located in _____. |
Since nonsteroid hormones do not cross a cell's plasma membrane, their receptors are located in association with the plasma membrane |
Which of these is a nonsteroid hormone? |
Both epinephrine and oxytocin are nonsteroid hormones |
How do nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones? |
Since they do not enter the cell, nonsteroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways. |
Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor? |
Steroid hormones such as estrogen can diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors |
The primary reason steroid hormones usually act slowly is that _____. |
This is the primary reason that steroid hormones usually act slowly |
Steroid hormone-receptor complexes act in _____. |
Steroid hormone-receptor complexes bind to DNA, where they affect transcription. |
Which of these glands secretes releasing hormones? |
The hypothalamus secretes both releasing and inhibiting hormones |
Which of these hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response to danger? |
These hormones, secreted by the adrenal medulla, are responsible for the "fight or flight" response. |
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers the release of _____ in response to stress. |
In response to stress, ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids. |
_____ are the main male hormones. |
Androgens, such as testosterone, are the main male hormones |
What hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys? |
A diuretic promotes water loss; thus it makes sense that ADH (secreted by the anterior pituitary) promotes water conservation |
Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone? |
Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels; calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels |
Which hormone stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes? |
LH stimulates hormone production by both the ovaries and testes |
Which hormone stimulates milk production? |
Prolactin, secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates milk production by the mammary glands |