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A neuron consists of _____. |
dendrites, a cell body, and axons |
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Nervous tissue functions _____. |
to sense stimuli |
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The four major categories of tissues are _____. |
nervous, epithelial, connective, and muscle |
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As body size increases in animals, |
there is a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio. |
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To increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces lining the lungs and the intestines, evolutionary pressures have |
increased the exchange surface area with folds and branches. |
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Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up |
organs. |
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Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with |
epithelial tissue. |
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An example of a connective tissue is the |
blood. |
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Connective tissues typically have |
relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. |
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Blood is best classified as connective tissue because |
its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix. |
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In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the |
cell body. |
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All skeletal muscle fibers are both |
striated and under voluntary control. |
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The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs, other than the heart, is |
smooth muscle. |
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Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by |
smooth muscle. |
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Homeostasis is the _____. |
maintenance of a relatively constant and optimal internal environment |
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Negative feedback is a method of homeostatic control that _____. |
ensures that conditions in an organism do not vary too much above or below their set points |
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In a physiological system operating with positive feedback, _____. |
a change in a variable will amplify rather than reverse the change |
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The body’s automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed |
homeostasis. |
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An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when |
the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise. |
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Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that |
the positive feedback’s effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. |
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Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has |
less surface area per unit of volume. |
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