The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called |
social interaction. |
Which of the following concepts defines a social position that a person holds? |
status |
At any given time you hold a number of statuses. These statuses make up your |
status set. |
What concept refers to a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily assumed later in life? |
ascribed status |
Which concept refers to a social position that is assumed voluntarily and that reflects a significant measure of personal ability and effort? |
achieved status |
Which concept refers to a status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person’s entire life? |
master status |
Julie is a police officer who finds that wherever she goes in her small town, people seem to think of her as a "cop." Julie is experiencing the effects of which of the following? |
master status |
Akbar is an honor student. In sociological terms, being an honor student is an example of which of the following? |
achieved status |
Which item in the following list might serve as a master status? |
a. occupation b. physical or mental disability c. gender d. ALL RESPONSES CORRECT |
Sociologists use what concept to refer to behavior that people expect from someone who holds a particular status? |
role |
A role set refers to |
a number of roles attached to a single status. |
What is the concept that refers to the conflict among roles corresponding to two or more statuses? |
role conflict |
Shawna is an excellent artist, but as a mother she feels that she cannot work and devote enough time to her family. She is experiencing |
role conflict. |
Which of the following is involved when a surgeon chooses not to operate on her own son because the personal involvement of motherhood could impair her professional objectivity as a physician? |
role conflict |
Which concept refers to the tension among roles connected to a single status? |
role strain |
Which of the following is involved when a plant supervisor wants to be a good friend and confidante to the workers, but must remain distant in order to rate the workers’ performances? |
role strain |
What term does the text use for the process by which people disengage from important social roles? |
role exit |
Rebuilding relationships with people who knew you in an earlier period of life is a common experience for those who are undergoing which of the following? |
role exit |
Nonverbal communication refers to |
body movements, gestures, and facial expressions. |
Which of the following is an important element of nonverbal communication? |
a. hand gestures b. eye contact c. body language d. ALL RESPONSES ARE CORRECT |
"Personal space" refers to |
the surrounding area over which an individual makes some claim to privacy. |
In the United States, people stand farther away from one another when they are talking than two people would in a Middle Eastern nation. This pattern reveals differences in meaning attached to |
personal space. |
Smiling and making polite remarks to people we do not like is an example of |
idealizing a personal performance. |
In terms of dramaturgical analysis, another term for helping a person to "save face," or avoid embarrassment, is |
tact. |
Tact is a common response in potentially embarrassing situations because |
everyone feels discomfort when a constructed reality breaks down. |
Cultures differ in terms of |
a. what triggers emotions. b. the rules for how people display emotions. c. how people value emotions. d. ALL THESE RESPONSES ARE CORRECT |
The English language often treats whatever has greater value, force, or significance as |
masculine. |
Humor is created when people |
create and contrast two different realities. |
In general, an important foundation of humor is |
incongruity—differences in meaning.` |
When interacting with people of an unfamiliar cultural background, |
what is funny to people in one society may not be funny to those from another society. |
Chapter 4 Sociology
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