Chapter 4 HEA 191

Violence can be defined as:

A) injuries caused accidentally without intent to harm, such as in a car accident.
B) a repeated implied or verbal threat against another person.
C) a premeditated crime against another person, usually involving a weapon.
D) the intentional use of physical force or power against oneself or another person or group

D) the intentional use of physical force or power against oneself or another person or group

Social and cultural factors that increase the likelihood of violence include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) poverty.
B) unemployment.
C) social support.
D) political differences.

C) social support.

Cultural beliefs that can be considered societal causes of violence include:

A) objectifying women.
B) promoting open communication between men and women.
C) empowering women.
D) encouraging men to be respectful of women.

A) objectifying women.

Breakdowns in the criminal justice system contribute to violence because:

A) there are too many prisons.
B) sentences in various jurisdictions range from lenient to excessive.
C) prisoners serve their full sentences and may complete training programs while incarcerated.
D) prisons are overcrowded and prisoners may be released early.

D) prisons are overcrowded and prisoners may be released early.

Which of the following is TRUE about primary aggression?

A) It will not result in the bodily harm of others.
B) It is goal-directed, hostile self-assertion that is destructive in nature.
C) It results from frustration with minor, daily life experiences.
D) Aggressive behavior does not necessarily result in violent interactions.

B) It is goal-directed, hostile self-assertion that is destructive in nature.

A tendency toward anger may be:

A) simply a mood that will pass.
B) both physiological and related to family background.
C) a learned response to over-protective parenting.
D) a trait of emotionally mature people.

B) both physiological and related to family background.

Which of the following is TRUE about reactive aggression?

A) It is most often an emotional reaction to frustrating life experiences.
B) It is a goal-directed, hostile form of self-assertion.
C) It is defined as occasional or rare behavior.
D) It is often related to substance abuse.

A) It is most often an emotional reaction to frustrating life experiences.

Research examining the relationship between substance abuse and violence indicates that:

A) chronic drinkers are less likely than others to have histories of violent behavior.
B) alcohol consumption is a major factor in domestic violence at all levels.
C) substance abuse can elevate a person’s mood and thereby prevent a potential crime.
D) substance abuse markedly decreases the risk of both homicide and suicide.

B) alcohol consumption is a major factor in domestic violence at all levels.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding homicides?

A) Homicides rates increase each year in the United States.
B) Homicides are the second leading cause of death for persons aged 15 to 24.
C) Homicide rates are about the same among white and nonwhite ethnic groups.
D) Homicide rates are about the same among males and females.

B) Homicides are the second leading cause of death for persons aged 15 to 24.

Which of the following would NOT be considered a hate crime?

A) beating up a teenager because she is Hispanic
B) a repeated implied or verbal threat against another person.
C) a premeditated crime against another person, usually involving a weapon.
D) the intentional use of physical force or power against oneself or another person or group

D) the intentional use of physical force or power against oneself or another person or group

Of the following, which factor is NOT a risk for gang involvement?

A) low self-esteem
B) academic achievement
C) alienation from family and society
D) low socioeconomic status

B) academic achievement

Young people tend to join gangs for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A) to gain a sense of self-worth.
B) to obtain economic security.
C) to have companionship, excitement, and a sense of belonging.
D) to impress friends who are not gang members.

D) to impress friends who are not gang members.

The term terrorism is correctly applied to situations in which

A) workers organize for political and economic rights.
B) one country attacks another in a state of war.
C) students demonstrate peacefully against their government.
D) violence is used to achieve political aims.

D) violence is used to achieve political aims.

A bias-motivated crime is:

A) a hate crime.
B) intimate partner abuse.
C) a crime committed by a stranger.
D) a crime that was not reported to the police.

A) a hate crime.

A woman often remains a victim of intimate partner violence because:

A) she fears retaliation against herself or her children.
B) she is financially independent.
C) she believes the situation will never change.
D) her cultural or religious beliefs allow divorce

A) she fears retaliation against herself or her children.

Which of the following is TRUE about ethnoviolence and hate crimes?

A) Prejudice and discrimination are always at the base of hate crimes and ethnoviolence.
B) Ethnoviolence is always more brutal than hate crimes.
C) Ethnoviolence is based on prejudice, but hate crimes are not.
D) Hate crimes are based on prejudice, but ethnoviolence is not.

A) Prejudice and discrimination are always at the base of hate crimes and ethnoviolence.

Which of the following is TRUE about the cycle of intimate partner violence?

A) In the remorse/reconciliation phase, the batterer tries to teach the partner a lesson by inflicting severe pain.
B) Most victims can break the cycle without outside intervention.
C) The cycle involves a tension-building phase during which the worst battering occurs.
D) The cycle explains predictable patterns of abuse.

D) The cycle explains predictable patterns of abuse.

What proportion of murder-suicides in the United States involve an intimate partner?

A) about one-fourth
B) about one-third
C) about one-half
D) about three-fourths

D) about three-fourths

A factor commonly associated with intimate partner violence is:

A) economic stability.
B) low self-esteem.
C) tobacco use.
D) moving to an unfamiliar area.

B) low self-esteem.

Allen visits his aunt every month the day after her Social Security check arrives and badgers her until she writes him a check for $100. This is an example of:

A) intimate partner violence.
B) a bias-motivated crime.
C) neglect.
D) elder abuse.

D) elder abuse.

If a child is not provided with enough to eat and doesn’t have proper clothes to wear, this is an example of:

A) physical abuse.
B) neglect.
C) family discipline.
D) domestic violence.

B) neglect.

Pearl confides that, at a frat party, she was forced to have sex and did not consent; this is an example of:

A) abuse.
B) sexual assault.
C) intimate partner violence.
D) neglect.

B) sexual assault.

Violence directed at others and based on prejudice and discrimination is:

A) bias.
B) harassment.
C) ethnoviolence.
D) assault.

C) ethnoviolence.

Which of the following is TRUE about the term acquaintance rape?

A) It is synonymous with the term simple rape.
B) It is not used for rapes involving incidental contact at a party.
C) It is used only when the victim has known the perpetrator for a length of time.
D) It has largely replaced the term date rape.

D) It has largely replaced the term date rape.

Which of the following is TRUE about marital rape?

A) It is not a crime.
B) Women over the age of 25 are most at risk.
C) It is usually an isolated occurrence that happens once.
D) Several states may treat marital rape as a lesser crime.

D) Several states may treat marital rape as a lesser crime.

Sexual penetration without the victim’s consent constitutes:

A) sexual harassment.
B) aggravated rape.
C) sexual assault.
D) rape.

D) rape.

Children who have experienced sexual abuse are at increased risk for:

A) depression, but not anxiety disorders.
B) anxiety disorders, but not depression.
C) anxiety disorders, depression, and suicide.
D) sleepwalking.

C) anxiety disorders, depression, and suicide.

Rape that involves a stranger is classified as:

A) sexual harassment.
B) aggravated rape.
C) sexual assault.
D) simple rape.

B) aggravated rape.

Statistics on campus violence indicate that:

A) over 20 percent of female college students have been sexually assaulted during their undergraduate years.
B) nearly 20 percent of female rape victims experience their first rape before the age of 25.
C) nearly 1 in 59 women have been raped at some point in their lives.
D) only about one-third of campus rapes are ever reported to the police.

A) over 20 percent of female college students have been sexually assaulted during their undergraduate years.

Any form of unwanted sexual attention is:

A) sexual harassment.
B) flirting.
C) sexual assault.
D) innuendo.

A) sexual harassment.

Your friend confides that her coworker is always making sexually explicit comments to her and telling lewd jokes. You explain to her that this is:

A) sexual assault.
B) sexual coercion.
C) sexual harassment.
D) sexual invasion.

C) sexual harassment.

Which of the following is TRUE about stalking?

A) It can occur online.
B) Males are almost never victims of stalking.
C) It is does not include threats.
D) It typically occurs at random.

A) It can occur online.

A key defense against assault when you’re outside alone is to:

A) talk on your cell phone.
B) stay aware of your surroundings.
C) know the campus well so you can take shortcuts.
D) keep your head down and avoid eye contact.

B) stay aware of your surroundings.

The use of force to control and maintain power over another person in the home environment is:

A) domestic violence.
B) spousal violence.
C) intentional violence.
D) intimate partner violence.

A) domestic violence.

Successful community strategies for preventing violence include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) helping community members develop self-esteem.
B) improving community-based support and treatment for victims.
C) promoting tolerance and acceptance.
D) discouraging family planning programs.

D) discouraging family planning programs.

A growing risk of violent incidents on college campuses has caused colleges to respond by:

A) enacting more restrictive admissions policies.
B) revising prevention and emergency response strategies.
C) doing more extensive background checks on students and faculty.
D) decreasing ways to notify students and faculty of immediate risk.

B) revising prevention and emergency response strategies.

Campus law enforcement officers now have:

A) increased authority to carry weapons.
B) been relieved of the responsibility for emergency responses.
C) more staff and increased authority to prosecute offenders.
D) the ability to enforce laws in classrooms but not in student living quarters.

C) more staff and increased authority to prosecute offenders.

The vast majority of stalkers are:

A) lacking in social skills.
B) teenagers or young adults.
C) known to their victims.
D) reported to the authorities.

C) known to their victims.

A common ploy used by rapists is to:

A) pose as a friend or employee.
B) pose as a police officer or other authority figure.
C) engage in an initial e-mail exchange.
D) offer to purchase an expensive item for the victim.

B) pose as a police officer or other authority figure.

Jane is being harassed by a coworker. You should tell her to:

A) ignore the person.
B) tell her boss.
C) confront the person when alone.
D) find a way to take revenge on the coworker.

B) tell her boss.

What is a common reason that victims of elder abuse do not report it?

A) They believe the abuse will stop once their health improves.
B) They have limited financial resources.
C) They want the caregiver to admit to the abuse first.
D) They are afraid that the abuser will retaliate by putting them in a nursing home or increasing the abuse.

D) They are afraid that the abuser will retaliate by putting them in a nursing home or increasing the abuse.

There have been recent reports of date rape drugs being used at campus parties. What should female students do to protect themselves from being the victim of drug-facilitated crimes?

A) Always attend and leave parties alone.
B) Don’t trust their intuition.
C) Don’t accept open or unsealed drinks and don’t leave drinks unattended.
D) Only attend parties given by friends; do not party at a bar or club.

C) Don’t accept open or unsealed drinks and don’t leave drinks unattended.

Violence that occurs between two people in a current or former marriage or sexual or dating relationship is:

A) domestic violence.
B) spousal violence.
C) intentional violence.
D) intimate partner violence.

D) intimate partner violence.

Which of the following is a social contributor to sexual violence?

A) overdramatization of the situation
B) showing compassion for victims
C) blaming the victim
D) women sharing in the planning and cost of dates

C) blaming the victim

Which of the following is TRUE about intimate partner violence?

A) Homicide by a current or former intimate partner is the leading cause of death among pregnant women in the United States.
B) Intimate partner violence includes violence between parent and child.
C) Victims of intimate partner violence commonly report the crime.
D) Battered woman syndrome is considered to be a type of generalized anxiety disorder.

A) Homicide by a current or former intimate partner is the leading cause of death among pregnant women in the United States.

James lost his job and was unable to pay his rent. His frustration built to the point that he initiated a physical fight with a friend. James is displaying:

A) primary aggression.
B) reactive aggression.
C) spontaneous rage.
D) negativity.

B) reactive aggression.

The willful, repeated, and malicious following, harassing, or threatening of another person is:

A) aggression.
B) violence.
C) stalking.
D) terrorism.

C) stalking.

Violence against people or property that is rooted in political or social objectives and intended to intimidate is:

A) aggression.
B) violence.
C) stalking.
D) terrorism.

D) terrorism.

Which phase of the cycle of violence includes physical acts intended to inflict pain?

A) acute battering
B) tension building
C) remorse/reconciliation
D) retaliation

A) acute battering

Which phase of the cycle of violence is called the "honeymoon period" because the batterer may act apologetic and promise to change?

A) acute battering
B) tension building
C) remorse/reconciliation
D) retaliation

C) remorse/reconciliation

Which phase of the cycle of violence is typically characterized by anger, abusive language, and psychological aggression?

A) acute battering
B) tension building
C) remorse/reconciliation
D) retaliation

B) tension building

Assault, homicide, and suicide are all examples of:

A) intentional injuries.
B) unintentional injuries.
C) reported injuries.
D) criminal acts.

A) intentional injuries.

A death that occurs as a result of an intent to harm or kill is:

A) assault.
B) battery.
C) suicide.
D) homicide.

D) homicide.

An act that causes harm or potential harm to a child is:

A) assault.
B) child abuse.
C) neglect.
D) abandonment.

B) child abuse.

A rape in which the victim knows the attacker is:

A) sexual assault.
B) domestic violence.
C) acquaintance rape.
D) aggravated rape.

C) acquaintance rape.

Doing some type of activity, such as texting or eating, while driving can cause accidents and is known as:

A) risky driving.
B) careless driving.
C) impaired driving.
D) distracted driving.

D) distracted driving.

Driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol is:

A) risky driving.
B) careless driving.
C) impaired driving.
D) distracted driving.

C) impaired driving.