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they differ in length |
How do these hydrocarbons differ? |
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The hydrocarbon on the right is branched. |
How do these hydrocarbons differ? |
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The hydrocarbon on the right has a double bond. |
How do these hydrocarbons differ? |
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The hydrocarbon on the right has a ring structure. |
How do these hydrocarbons differ? |
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3 |
How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to carbon A? |
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1 |
How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to carbon B? |
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A |
Which one of these is an amino group? |
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B |
Which of these is a phosphate group? |
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D |
Which of these is a hydroxyl group? |
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F |
Which of these is a carboxyl group? |
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D |
Which of these functional groups is characteristic of alcohol? |
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A |
Which of the functional groups behaves as a base? |
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E |
Which of these groups is characteristic of thiols? |
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B |
Which of these groups plays a major role in energy transfer? |
|
Phosphate groups |
Which functional group is a component of ATP. |
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sulfhydryl group |
Thiols are characterized by the presence of what functional group? |
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C |
Which of these is a carbonyl group? |
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C |
Which of these functional groups is characteristic of a ketone? |
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ketone |
A carbonyl group in the middle of a carbon skeleton characterizes what? |
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F |
Which of functional groups listed below behaves as an acid? |
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an acid |
By donating hydrogen ions, carboxyl groups act as what? |
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hydroxyl group |
This functional group is polar because the electronegative oxygen has a strong attraction for electrons. Water is attracted to this group, and therefore molecules that have this group (such as sugars) tend to dissolve in water. Alcohols are characterized by this functional group. Click on the functional group described here. |
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Carbonyl group |
This group is polar because oxygen has a strong attraction for electrons. If this group is at the end of a carbon skeleton, the molecule is called an aldehyde; otherwise it is called a ketone. Click on this functional group. |
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Carboxylic group |
The two electronegative oxygens of this group pull electrons away from the hydrogen atom. This weakens the bond between oxygen and hydrogen, and the hydrogen atom tends to dissociate from the molecule as a hydrogen (H+) ion. Because it donates hydrogen ions, this group is acidic, and molecules that contain these groups are known as carboxylic acids. Click on the functional group just described. |
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Amino group |
The slightly electronegative nitrogen atom in this group tends to pick up hydrogen ions from the surrounding solution, and thus this functional group acts as a base. Because of the added hydrogen ion, this group usually has a +1 charge in the cell. This group is characteristic of organic molecules called amines. Click on this functional group. |
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Sulfhydryl group |
Molecules termed thiols are characterized by this group, which resembles a hydroxyl group. These groups interact to help stabilize the structure of many proteins. |
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Phosphate group |
The electronegative oxygens of this functional group draw electrons, and as a result the group acts as an acid, losing hydrogen ions to the surrounding solution. This dissociation leaves the group with a negative charge. This group is important in ATP and the transfer of energy between organic molecules. |
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structural isomers |
These molecules are _____. |
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geometric isomers |
These molecules are _____. |
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structural isomers |
The two molecules differ in the covalent bond relationships among their atoms. |
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geometric isomers |
These molecules differ in how their atoms are arranged about a double bond. |
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enantiomers |
These molecules are _____. |
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mirror images |
Enantiomers are molecules that are _____. |
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Geometric isomers |
Molecules that differ in the arrangement of their atoms about a double bond are known as what? |
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not isomers |
This pair of molecules are _____. (hint: they have different molecular formulas) |
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yes |
Do the checked molecules show an appropriate number of bonds around each carbon atom? |
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alcohol |
Is highly polar and may act as a weak acid |
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carboxylic acid |
acts as an acid |
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aldehyde |
may be a structural isomer of a ketone |
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thiol |
forms disulfide bonds |
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amine |
acts as a base |
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organic phosphate |
contributes negative charge |
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