Chapter 4 – Buddhism

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Siddhartha Gautama is the name of

he person who became known as the Buddha.

he basic outlook on life, formulated by Buddhism, is contained in

the Four Noble Truths

One of the essential Buddhist teachings is

everything is changing.

In regard to the common belief in a permanent soul, the Buddha seems to have taught that

there is none.

Buddhism began in

India.

Nirvana seems to come from a word that means

blow out.

A major goal of Buddhism is

inner peace

Buddhism developed into several branches. The branch that spread into Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia is

Theravada.

Literally, Mahayana means

big vehicle.

A person of great compassion, willing to be reborn constantly to help others, is called

bodhisattva.

The essential collection of sacred books of Buddhism is called

Tripitaka (Tipitaka).

Tradition holds that which relative of the Buddha died soon after the birth of the Buddha?

mother

Zen comes from a word that means

meditation

The ideal of the Theravada branch is the

arhat (arahat).

Tibetan Buddhism includes elements of

shamanism

The general name for that category of books that is said to give the words of the Buddha is

sutra

The unconditioned state of reality that is the highest goal of Buddhism is called

nirvana.

The dissatisfaction and sorrow that life brings is called

dukkha

Tibetan Buddhism

makes great use of ritual.

Buddhism came to Tibet from

India

In Tibetan Buddhism, a vajra is frequently used together with

a bell

The Chan/Zen virtues are especially

intuition and naturalness.

Regarding his social class, the Buddha was

an aristocrat.

The school of Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, which sees the Buddha as a divine savior, whose name the believer must constantly repeat with devotion, is

Pure Land.

Concerning words, Zen stresses that words are

not adequate.

What is most important in Zen is

enlightened awareness.

A koan is

a question.

The type of beauty that Zen particularly values emphasizes is

simplicity.

The Buddha of the Western Paradise is

Amitabha.

The name for the Buddhist community of monks and nuns is

sangha.

To lessen suffering, the Buddha recommended

lessening desire.

Buddhism focuses especially on

maintaining inner peace.

The Buddha opposed

the caste system.

The Buddha lived about this time.

fifth century b.c.e.

The Indian ruler who spread Buddhist teaching widely was

Ashoka

Vinaya refers to

a collection of rules for monks and nuns.

Vimalakirti was

a rich but compassionate and wise layman.

The "Sutras on the Perfection of Wisdom" have what Sanskrit name?

Prajnaparamita

In China, Buddhism was sometimes criticized because

monks and nuns had no children.

In China, the various Mahayana sects tended to blend. But they have remained separate in

Japan.

The Japanese monk who studied in China and established Shingon Buddhism in Japan was

Kukai (Kobo Daishi).

Zen traces itself back to a legendary founder named

Bodhidharma.

Besides Tibetan Buddhism, another form of Vajrayana Buddhism is

Shingon Buddhism.

Elements of Buddhism, as interpreted in Japanese woodblock prints, influenced which artist?

Vincent Van Gogh

The Buddha was particularly troubled by the problem of

suffering and death.

Enlightened awareness in Zen is called

satori.

An essential practice in Zen is

manual labor

A key practice of Nicheren Buddhism is

a chant to the Lotus Sutra.

Tendai Buddhism is known for

systematizing varied Buddhist teachings into a progressive hierarchy.

An important practice in Shingon Buddhism is

a fire ritual with historic links to the Vedic fire ceremony.

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