Chapter 36 American Pageant APUSH

1. What did Americans fear that the end of World War II would bring back?

the great depression

2. How did the Taft-Hartley Act deliver a major blow to labor?

outlawing ‘closed’ shops

3. What partly motivated the passage of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (GI Bill of Rights)?

fear that labor market couldnime work t absorb millions of discharged vets

4. The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 was passed to check the growing power of what group?

labor unions

5. List 4 things that help to slow the growth of organized labor in the post-WWII era.

Taft-hartly Act, rapidly growing number of sevice-sector workers, failure of ‘operation dixie’, growing number of part time work

6. List 4 things the Truman administration did in an effort to forestall an economic downturn.

created Presidents Council of Economic Advisors, sold war factoriesand other government installations to private businesses at very low prices, passed the Employment Act, which it gov-policy to promot maximum employment, production and purchasing power

7. To what segment of society was the post-World War II prosperity in the United States was most beneficial?

women

8. What was one striking consequence to the middle class in the postwar economic boom?

vast expansion of home-owning middle class

9. What primarily fueled the long economic boom from World War II to the 1970s?

low energy costs

10. Much of the prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s rested on the underpinnings of whose budget?

colossal military budgets

11. What was one sign of the stress that the widespread post-World War II geographic mobility placed on American families?

poularity of advice books on child rearing

12. What accompanied the reduced number of American farms and farmers in the postwar era?

spectacular gains in ag-productivity

13. Since 1945, population in the United States has grown most rapidly in which region?

sunbelt

14. On what was much of the Sunbelt’s new prosperity was based?

tremendous influx of money from government

15. List 4 things which encouraged many Americans to move to the suburbs.

home-loan guarantees from FHA &VA, highways, tax reduction for interest payment on home mortgage, ‘white flight’ from racial change

16. List 4 factors which contributed to the rapid rise of suburbia in post-WWII America.

baby booms, gov- mortgage guarantees, new highways, white flights’

17. By 1960, what proportion of Americans lived in areas classified as metropolitan suburbs?

25%

18. What led to an increase in urban poverty?

GROWTH OF SUBURBS

19. What pattern did the population distribution after World War II follow?

urban segregation of blacks and whites in major city areas

20. What contributed to driving many blacks into public housing

refusal of FHA to grant home-loans to blacks

21. When did the huge postwar "baby boom" reach its peak?

late 1950s, 1957

22. List 4 was in which Harry S Truman had served before he was elected Vice President of the United States in 1944.

haberdashery store owner, WWI artillery office, Missouri judge, US Senator from Mississippi

23. List 4 personal characteristics possessed by Harry Truman.

few pretensions, willingness to accept responsibility, courage, honesty

24. In early 1945, why was the United States eager to have the Soviet Union participate in the projected invasion of Japan?

soviet help could reduce number of US casualties

25. The origins of the Cold War lay in a fundamental disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union over postwar arrangements in what region of the world?

eastern euroope

26. In what ways had the United States and the Soviet Union resembled one another in foreign affairs?

both been isolated from world affairs and practiced ideological "missionary" foreign policy

27. How was the new United Nations unlike the failed League of Nations?

was established in a spirit of cooperation befoer WWI ended

28. What was the earliest and most serious failure of the United Nations?

control atomic energy, especially manufacture of weapons

29. To what did the victorious World War II Allies quickly agree regarding the Nazis?

nazism should be destroyed in germany

30. How did President Truman respond when the Soviet Union denied the United States, Britain, and France access to Berlin in 1948?

organized a gigantic airlift of supplies to Berlin

31. Soviet specialist George F. Kennan framed a coherent approach for America in the Cold War by advising a policy called what?

containment

32. America’s postwar containment policy was based on the assumption that the Soviet Union was fundamentally what?

expansionist but cautious

33. The immediate crisis that prompted the announcement of the Truman Doctrine was related to the threat of a communist takeover in what two countries?

greece and Turkey

34. Under the Truman Doctrine, who did the United States pledged to support?

those who were resisting subjugation by communists

35. Describe the primary purpose of each of these postwar American programs: NATO, Point Four, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine.

NATO: resist soviet threat, Point Four; aid under developed nations of Latin America, Asia and Africa, Marchal Plan; promote economic recovery of Europes Truman Doctrine; assist greece and turkey

36. Who was the leading American theologian who urged a vigorous American foreign policy and a return to Christian foundations?

Norman Vincent Peale

37. What Truman policy called for substantial financial assistance to rebuild Western Europe?

Marshall Plan

38. The Marshall Plan succeeded in reviving Europe’s economy and thwarting the large internal Communist parties threatening to take over what two countries?

italy and france

39. What did President Truman do that risked American access to Middle Eastern oil supplies?

recognized the new jewish state of israel

40. List 4 things American membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization accomplished.

strengthened containment of communism, helped reintegrate Germany into the europe family, reassure europeans that the US wouldnt abandon them, strike a major blow to American Isolationists

41. The United States’ participation in NATO was a departure from what?

isolationism

42. Which country had its military leaders tried for war crimes, as had occurred in Germany?

japan

43. List 4 factors of the new Japanese government installed by General Douglas MacArthur in 1946.

pledged itself to providing equality of women, introduced a western-style democratic institution, paved the way for spectacular economic recovery, renouncing militarismJiang lost the support and confidence of his people

44. What was the main reason Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalist government lost the Chinese civil war to the communists and Mao Ze-dong?

Jiang lost the support and confidence of his people

45. What agency did Pres Truman establish in an effort to detect communists within the federal government?

Loyalty Review Board

46. In 1948, why did many southern Democrats split from their party to support Governor J. Strom Thurmond?

truman took a strong stand in favor of civil rights

47. Identify each 1948 presidential candidate with his political party: Thomas E. Dewey, Harry S Truman, Henry Wallace, J. Strom Thurmond.

Thomas Dewey; republican, Harry Truman; democratic, Henry Wallace; progressive, S Thurmond; states rights

48. What was President Truman’s domestic legislative plan dubbed?

fair deal

49. President Truman’s action upon hearing of the invasion of South Korea illustrated his commitment to a foreign policy of _________________________.

containment

50. What did NSC-68 call for?

massive increase on military spending

51. The NSC-68 document reflected the American belief in what?

limitless capabilities of US economy and society

52. Who was the imperious and insubordinate commander in Korea who was fired by President Truman?

Douglas MacArthur

53. What prompted President Harry Truman to relieve General Douglas MacArthur from command of United Nations troops in Korea?

MacAurthur began to take issues publicly with presidential policies

54. Arrange the following events in chronological order: Berlin airlift, Korean War, fall of China.

Berlin Airlift, fall of CHina, Korean War

55. Arrange the following in chronological order of their appearance: Truman Doctrine, NATO, Marshall Plan.

Truman doctrine, Marshall plan, NATO