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When ice forms, the __________ are farther apart than in liquid water, allowing the ice to form an organized crystal structure and float. |
hydrogen bonds |
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The amount of heat required to convert 1 g of any substance from the liquid to the gaseous state is defined as __________. |
the heat of vaporization of that substance |
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A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution is __________. |
a base |
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The partial charges on a water molecule occur because of __________. |
the unequal sharing of electrons between the hydrogen and the oxygen atoms of a water molecule |
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Adding a base tends to __________ of a solution. |
lower the hydrogen ion concentration and increase the pH |
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The phenomenon responsible for maintaining the upward movement of water through a vessel is __________. |
cohesion |
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Hydrophilic molecules __________. |
are charged molecules that are attracted to the partial charge of the water molecule |
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Urine, at pH 6, contains __________ H+ as household bleach, at pH 13. |
10,000,000 times as much |
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You can fill a glass of water to just slightly above the rim without it spilling over the glass. What property of water best explains this phenomenon? |
Surface tension |
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When the pH of a solution shifts from 3 to 7, the hydrogen ion concentration has changed, and __________. |
it has increased by 10,000 times |
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Sweating has a cooling effect because of water’s high __________. |
heat of vaporization |
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The absorption of human-generated CO2 by the oceans __________. |
All of the listed responses are correct. |
|
Buffers are __________. |
substances that minimize changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution |
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The amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 g of any substance by one °C is defined as __________. |
the specific heat of that substance |
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A mole of methanol (CH3OH) weighs 32 g. The number of grams of methanol that are needed to produce 1 L of a 1 millimolar solution is __________. |
0.032 g |
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Water moves up a plant because of hydrogen bonds by a process called __________. |
cohesion and adhesion |
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The specific heat of a substance is __________. |
the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1°C |
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Adhesion is best described as __________. |
the clinging of one substance to another substance |
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__________ is an emergent property of water that allows insects like the raft spider to walk on water. |
Surface tension |
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Nonpolar molecules that cluster away from water molecules are called __________ molecules. |
hydrophobic |
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Water is a polar molecule. This means that __________. |
the opposite ends of the molecule have opposite electrical charges |
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Water molecules have __________ than molecules of similar size, such as ammonia and methane, reflecting its capacity to absorb large amounts of heat. |
a higher boiling point |
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Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature? |
The absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds. |
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Glucose has a molecular mass of 180 daltons. To make a 2-molar (2 M) solution of glucose, __________. |
stir 360 g of glucose in water to dissolve the sugar, and then add enough water to bring the total volume of the solution up to 1 L |
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The ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and water’s ability to dissolve substances that have charges or partial charges are __________. |
both caused by water’s partial charges |
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All of the following are hydrogen bonding properties except __________. |
cohesion |
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A solution at pH 10 contains __________ than the same amount of solution at pH 8. |
100 times less H+ |
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A compound that donates hydrogen ions to a solution is __________. |
an acid |
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Hydrophobic molecules __________. |
are uncharged, nonionic substances that repel water |
|
An acid is __________. |
a compound that donates hydrogen ions to a solution |
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