Chapter 3 LP Quizzes

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Which of the following BEST defines diffusion?

a. net movement of fluids from the environment into and out of an organism
b. net movement of particles from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration
c. net movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
d. net movement of particles between cells
e. net movement of particles in the cell from the ER to the Golgi apparatus

C

The primary function of molecular membranes is the transport of ions and molecules in and out of cells—transport is directional and selective. The moving of molecules from areas of high concentration to that of low concentration to gain energy is best described as:

a. active transport.
b. channel mediated diffusion.
c. electron transport.
d. passive transport.
e. alternative transport.

D

The primary function of molecular membranes is the transport of ions and molecules in and out of cells. The movement of molecules from areas of low concentration to those of high concentration against chemical gradients is best described as:

a. active transport.
b. transcytosis.
c. inactivated transport.
d. passive transport.
e. channel mediated diffusion.

A

Diffusion across the cell’s outer membrane:

a. is also called dynamic equilibrium.
b. occurs without the input of energy.
c. never occurs; all molecules cross the membrane within protein carriers.
d. always results with the molecules moving from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.
e. None of the above is correct.

B

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about passive transport across the cell membrane?

a. Facilitated diffusion by transport proteins is one form of passive transport.
b. Passive transport may involve chemical energy in the form of ATP.
c. Passive transport decreases free energy.
d. Diffusion across an electrochemical gradient is one form of passive transport.
e. Passive transport increases entropy in a system.

B

All animals and plants are made up of:

a. nuclei.
b. organelles.
c. cells.
d. cytoplasm.
e. membranes.

C

Which of the following statements about the cell theory is correct?

a. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
b. All cells arise from other, pre-existing cells.
c. All eukaryotic cells contain symbiotic prokaryotes.
d. All prokaryotic cells contain symbiotic eukaryotes.
e. Both a and b are correct.

E

Which of the following is a cellular characteristic of ALL eukaryotes?

a. a nuclear membrane
b. few to no organelles in the cytoplasm
c. a cell wall
d. a nucleoid
e. lack of DNA, with RNA used as information molecule

A

Prokaryotic organisms lack:

a. replicator molecules (DNA or RNA).
b. cell membranes.
c. organelles.
d. cytoplasm.
e. All of the above

C

If the solution surrounding a cell contains the same amount of solute as the cytoplasm the osmotic condition is said to be:

a. isotonic.
b. hypotonic.
c. hypertonic.
d. adiabatic.
e. isobaric.

A

You measure the concentration of a polar molecule inside and outside of a cell. You find that the concentration is high outside but gradually increasing inside the cell. You also measure the ATP concentration inside the cell and find that it remains constant. Your best hypothesis for the process that is occurring would be:

a. active transport
b. passive transport
c. facilitated diffusion
d. simple diffusion
e. endocytosis

C

How is osmosis across the cellular membrane controlled?

a. The membrane is impermeable to the solute, so water moves in and out of the cell to maintain a concentration equilibrium between the interior and exterior of the cell.
b. Water is "chaperoned" through the cellular membrane by transporting protein carriers.
c. The interior of the cell receives chemical signals triggered by the glycoproteins outside the cell to tell it when to let water out or take water in.
d. Osmosis does not occur across the cellular membranes, so it cannot be controlled.
e. None of the above is correct.

A

If a cell is put into a solution with a higher concentration of solute than is present inside the cell, the solution is ____________. The cell will __________. If a cell is put into a solution with a lower concentration of solute than is present inside the cell, the solution is _____________. The cell will _________.

a. hypertonic; live; hypotonic; die
b. hypertonic; shrink; hypotonic; swell
c. hypotonic; shrink; hypertonic; swell
d. hypertonic; die; hypotonic; live
e. hypertonic; swell; hypotonic; shrink

B

Passive transport, the moving of molecules from areas of high concentration to that of low concentration across the membrane, are usually coupled to processes that:

a. establish a dynamic equilibrium with no net gain or loss in energy for the cell.
b. cost energy.
c. amplify cellular response to signal molecules.
d. counteract osmotic stress.
e. gain energy for the cell.

E

What cellular structure makes it possible for a cell to differ structurally and biochemically from its surroundings?

a. nucleus
b. endoplasmic reticulum
c. cell wall
d. phospholipid
e. plasma membrane

E

Which of the following statements is TRUE about a plasma membrane?

a. The molecules that make up the membrane are lipids.
b. The molecules that make up most of the plasma membrane are polar at their heads and tails.
c. The molecules that make up the membrane are linked to each other by covalent bonds.
d. It is composed of a single layer of phospholipids.
e. It is a rigid structure that protects the cell like a shell.

A

Cellular "fingerprints":

a. are "erased" by the HIV virus.
b. are exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
c. can help the immune system distinguish "self" from "non-self."
d. are made from cholesterol.
e. All of the above are correct.

C

Drugs called beta-blockers do all of the following except:

a. bind to the cytoplasmic side of a receptor protein.
b. reduce high blood pressure.
c. reduce outward symptoms of anxiety.
d. reduce the effects of adrenaline on the heart.
e. block signaling through adrenaline receptors.

A

The lipids within the fluid mosaic of the plasma membranes are held in place by:

a. hydrophobic interactions.
b. ionic bonds.
c. covalent bonds.
d. hydromagnetic bridges.
e. hydrogen bonds.

A

The endosymbiosis theory is often used to explain how chloroplasts and mitochondria came to contain their own, independent genetic material. Which of the following statements is NOT part of the endosymbiosis theory?

a. The membrane and cytoskeletal elements allowed the organism to move and engulf smaller cells, which became additional organelles.
b. The host cells contributed the membranes and cytoskeletal elements.
c. Eukaryotic cells originated from the joining of bacterial cells with archaean cells.
d. The genes of the captured cells eventually moved to the nucleus-to-be.
e. The engulfed archaean cells eventually became chloroplasts and mitochondria.

E

Which of the following facts supports the claim that mitochondria developed from bacteria that were long ago phagocytosed into eukaryotic cells?

a. Mitochondria have flagella for motion.
b. Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell.
c. Mitochondria have their own DNA.
d. Mitochondria frequently exchange DNA with intracellular bacteria.
e. Mitochondria have several of the proteins necessary for photosynthesis.

c

Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from free-living bacteria that were incorporated into eukaryotic cells by endosymbiosis. Which of the following pieces of evidence for this hypothesis is INCORRECT?

a. Mitochondria can survive and reproduce independently when removed from the host cell.
b. New mitochondria are formed in a process similar to the reproduction of bacteria.
c. Mitochondria are enclosed by two membranes rather than a single membrane.
d. Mitochondrial DNA is packaged as a single circular chromosome, like that of a bacterium.
e. The phospholipid composition of the inner mitochondrial membrane is similar to that of the bacterial cell membrane.

A

According to the theory of endosymbiosis, the origin of chloroplasts probably involved:

a. engulfing of small photosynthetic prokaryotes by larger cell.
b. the formation of colonies of cyanobacteria.
c. the formation of cell walls around the photosynthetic pigments.
d. the increasing amount of oxygen for the ATP molecule.
e. All of the above are correct.

A

What major advantage does the presence of organelles offer eukaryotic cells?

a. They greatly simplify eukaryotic cells, making them less complex.
b. They help make eukaryotic cells larger.
c. They help to blend together the chemicals throughout the cell.
d. They make eukaryotic cells stronger.
e. They separate chemicals into different compartments, concentrating them for certain reactions.

E

When molecules are very large or are being moved against their concentration gradient, energy is required to move molecules across a cell membrane. This type of movement is best described as:

a. facilitated diffusion
b. osmosis
c. simple diffusion
d. active transport
e. passive transport

D

Active transport, the moving of molecules from areas of low concentration to that of high concentration across the membrane, are usually coupled to processes that:

a. passively transports molecules.
b. cost energy.
c. counteract osmotic stress.
d. establish a dynamic equilibrium with no net gain or loss in energy for the cell.
e. gain energy for the cell.

B

Which of the following does NOT match the type of cellular transport with the level of energy necessary for its function?

a. simple diffusion: no energy required
b. active transport: energy required
c. facilitated diffusion carrier: no energy required
d. facilitated diffusion carrier: energy required
e. facilitated diffusion channel: no energy required

D

A good analogy for secondary active transport is:

a. carrying a pail of water up a hill and then back down the other side.
b. pumping water to the top of a water tower and then releasing the water over a water wheel to grind grain into flour.
c. striking a match and then using the flame to light a candle.
d. driving a car to the top of a hill and then shutting off the engine to let it coast to the bottom.
e. attempting to run up a downward moving escalator.

B

A scientist tries to build a eukaryotic cell in her laboratory. She remembers to include most of the organelles, but forgets one. Among other abnormalities, her newly created cell cannot synthesize the enzymes needed to detoxify drugs and poisons. Which organelle is missing?

a. the Golgi apparatus
b. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. the mitochondria
d. the cytoskeleton
e. the nucleus

B

The nucleus:

a. directs cellular activity and stores hereditary information.
b. modifies proteins that will be shipped elsewhere in the organism.
c. synthesizes lipids and detoxifies molecules.
d. digests and recycles cellular waste products and consumed materials.
e. processes and packages proteins, lipids, and other molecules.

A

Which of the following organelles is not present in animal cells?

a. lysosome
b. Golgi apparatus
c. chloroplast
d. mitochondrion
e. rough endoplasmic reticulum

C

Which is NOT true about chloroplasts and mitochondria?

a. Plants have chloroplasts instead of mitochondria.
b. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are involved with energy production.
c. Mitochondria break down food energy to make ATP.
d. Animal cells don’t have chloroplasts.
e. Chloroplasts produce food from sunlight energy.

A

The lysosome:

a. modifies proteins that will be shipped elsewhere in the organism.
b. synthesizes lipids and detoxifies molecules.
c. processes and packages proteins, lipids, and other molecules.
d. digests and recycles cellular waste products and consumed materials.
e. directs cellular activity and stores hereditary information.

D

1. Which statement is NOT part of the modern cell theory?

a. Cellular reactions include both energy-releasing and biosynthetic types.
b. Cells are able to synthesize their entire complement of biomolecules.
c. Cells arise from other cells.
d. All living organisms consist of one or more cells.
e. Cells contain hereditary information that passes from one generation of cells to the next.

B

2. Which of the following statements about phospholipids is FALSE?

a. A phospholipid consists of a glycerol molecule attached to two fatty acid chains.
b. Phospholipid molecules have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
c. A phospholipid contains one negatively charged phosphate group.
d. Phospholipids are a principal component of the plasma membrane.
e. All of the above are true.

E

3. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about passive transport across the cell membrane?

a. Passive transport increases entropy in a system.
b. Passive transport decreases free energy.
c. Diffusion across an electrochemical gradient is one form of passive transport.
d. Passive transport may involve chemical energy in the form of ATP.
e. Facilitated diffusion by transport proteins is one form of passive transport.

D

4. Diffusion across the cell’s outer membrane:

a. is also called dynamic equilibrium.
b. occurs without the input of energy.
c. always results with the molecules moving from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.
d. never occurs; all molecules cross the membrane within protein carriers.
e. None of the above is correct.

B

5. Which of the following are not components of animal cells?

a. chloroplasts
b. endoplasmic reticulum
c. mitochondria
d. cell walls
e. Both a and d are not components of animal cells.

E

6. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum:

a. modifies proteins that will be shipped elsewhere in the organism.
b. processes and packages proteins, lipids, and other molecules.
c. directs cellular activity and stores hereditary information.
d. digests and recycles cellular waste products and consumed materials.
e. synthesizes lipids and detoxifies molecules.

E

7. The Golgi apparatus:

a. synthesizes lipids and detoxifies molecules.
b. directs cellular activity and stores hereditary information.
c. digests and recycles cellular waste products and consumed materials.
d. modifies proteins that will be shipped elsewhere in the organism.
e. processes and packages proteins, lipids, and other molecules.

E

8. Which of the following is NOT true about prokaryotic cells?

a. They have a circular loop of DNA instead of multiple linear DNA molecules.
b. They are always single-celled organisms and they never contain mitochondria.
c. They all have a rigid cell wall instead of a plasma membrane.
d. They may have flagella but they never have cilia.
e. They lack a nucleus but they do have ribosomes.

C

9. In chemistry class we learn the rule "like dissolves like" when studying why polar substances dissolve in each other (like sucrose in water) and why non-polar substances dissolve in each other (like fats in oil). Which of the following statements illustrates this rule?

a. Ribosomes are found inside of prokaryotic cells rather than outside.
b. Prokaryotes lack a nuclear membrane while eukaryotes have one.
c. More prokaryotic cells could fit inside a 1-cm cube than eukaryotic cells could.
d. Transmembrane proteins remain in the plasma membrane even though they are not attached to anything.
e. Chemical messengers or hormones bind tightly to their receptor proteins on the outside of a cell.

D

10. The "fingerprint" found on the outsides of cells is the BEST underlying explanation for:

a. why you cannot catch HIV by casual contact.
b. why blood can easily be transferred between any two people.
c. why mucus accumulates in the lungs in individuals with cystic fibrosis.
d. why beta blockers reduce anxiety.
e. why a person can successfully donate his heart to another unrelated person.

A

11. Facilitated diffusion of magnesium ions (Mg++) would occur OUT of a cell if the Mg++ concentration was ________ outside the cell than inside, and ________.

a. higher, Mg++ could move through a transport protein across the membrane
b. higher, Mg++ could move directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane
c. lower, Mg++ could move through a transport protein across the membrane
d. the same, Mg++ could move directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane
e. lower, Mg++ could move directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane

C

12. Which is NOT true about chloroplasts and mitochondria?

a. Animal cells don’t have chloroplasts.
b. Plants have chloroplasts instead of mitochondria.
c. Mitochondria break down food energy to make ATP.
d. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are involved with energy production.
e. Chloroplasts produce food from sunlight energy.

B

13. Cellular "fingerprints":

a. are made from cholesterol.
b. are "erased" by the HIV virus.
c. are exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
d. can help the immune system distinguish "self" from "non-self."
e. All of the above are correct.

D

14. The pH of the liquid inside a lysosome is acidic, about 4.5. The molecules normally found inside the lysosome are designed to work best at this pH. Which of the follow statements is the BEST explanation for why the pH of the lysosome interior is so low?

a. Constructive: the acid inside helps lysosomes construct bigger and longer molecules.
b. Protective: if the corrosive broth of a lysosome ever leaked out, the digestive enzymes in it would become non-functional in the higher pH of the cytoplasm.
c. Efficiency: the acid assists the lysosome in performing photosynthesis.
d. Stability: the acidic pH helps keep lysosomes stiff and round.
e. Concentration: acid contains large amounts of H+ ions, necessary for lysosomal ATP production.

B

15. A scientist tries to build a eukaryotic cell in her laboratory. She remembers to include most of the organelles, but forgets one. Among other abnormalities, her newly created cell cannot synthesize the enzymes needed to detoxify drugs and poisons. Which organelle is missing?

a. the Golgi apparatus
b. the mitochondria
c. the cytoskeleton
d. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
e. the nucleus

D

16. What major advantage does the presence of organelles offer eukaryotic cells?

a. They separate chemicals into different compartments, concentrating them for certain reactions.
b. They help to blend together the chemicals throughout the cell.
c. They make eukaryotic cells stronger.
d. They help make eukaryotic cells larger.
e. They greatly simplify eukaryotic cells, making them less complex.

A

17. Which of the following describes pinocytosis?

a. A cell performs endocytosis, bringing in dissolved particles and liquids.
b. A molecule triggers a receptor on the cell exterior, the cell membrane folds inward.
c. ATP is used to pump sodium ions from outside of the cell inwards through a membrane protein.
d. Vesicles in the cytoplasm dump their "garbage" outside of the cell membrane by fusion with it.
e. An amoeba engulfs a bacterium, bringing it inside of the cell.

A

18. Which of the following statements is TRUE about a plasma membrane?

a. It is composed of a single layer of phospholipids.
b. It is a rigid structure that protects the cell like a shell.
c. The molecules that make up most of the plasma membrane are polar at their heads and tails.
d. The molecules that make up the membrane are lipids.
e. The molecules that make up the membrane are linked to each other by covalent bonds.

D

19. In Tay-Sachs disease, a genetic mutation causes a malfunction in a certain organelle that leads to a backup of molecules and proteins, ultimately interfering with the entire functioning of the cell. Which organelle is primarily affected by this disease?

a. the nucleus
b. the Golgi apparatus
c. the endoplasmic reticulum
d. the lysosomes
e. the peroxisomes

D

20. Which of the following organelles contains a small circular loop of DNA?

a. nucleus
b. Golgi apparatus
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. lysosomes
e. mitochondria

E

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