|
Sitting Bull |
One of the leaders of the Sioux tribe. He was a medicine man " as wily as he was influential." He became a prominent Indian leader during the Sioux Was from 1876-1877. The well-armed warriors at first proved to be a superior force. During Custer’s Last Stand in 1876, he was " making medicine" while another Indian, Crazy Horse, led the Sioux. When more whites arrived at the Battle of Little Big Horn, Sitting Bull and the other Sioux we forced into Canada. |
|
George A. Custer |
Discovered gold in Black Hills of South Dakota, his seventh cavalry division was decimated by the Sioux at the battle of Little Big Horn |
|
Chief Joseph |
He was chief of the Nez Perce Indians of Idaho. People wanting gold trespassed on their beaver river. To avoid war, and save his people he tried retreating to Canada with his people. They were cornered 30 miles from safety and he surrendered in 1877. |
|
Geronimo |
the leader of the Apaches in Arizona and New Mexico, fought against the white man, who was trying to force the Apaches off of their land. He had an enormous hatred for the whites. He was, however, eventually pushed into Mexico where he surrendered |
|
Helen Hunt Jackson |
Author, wrote A Century of Dishonor and Ramona, helped gain sympathy for the Indians |
|
John Wesley Powell |
Geologist, warned people that so little rain fell in the midwest, farming was only possible through mass irrigation |
|
Oliver H. Kelly |
Founded "The Grange," helped improve the lives of isolated farmers |
|
William Hope Harvey |
Author and illustrator, wrote Coin’s Financial School, advocated the use of silver coins |
|
Mary Elizabeth Lease |
became well known during the early 1890’s for her actions as a speaker for the populist party. She was a tall, strong woman who made numerous and memorable speeches on behalf of the downtrodden farmer. She denounced the money-grubbing government and encouraged farmers to speak their discontent with the economic situation. |
|
Frederick Jackson Turner |
Historian, wrote one of the most influential essays ever, The Significance of the Frontier in American History |
|
James B. Weaver |
He was a general during the Civil War. He was chosen as the presidential candidate of the Populist party. He was a Granger with an apt for public speaking. He only ended up getting three percent of the popular votes which is really a large number for a third party candidate. |
|
Jacob S. Coxey |
Led a march on Washington during the Panic of 1893, demanded jobs, arrested for walking on grass |
|
Eugene V. Debs |
Led the Pullman Strike, was arrested and put in jail for 6 months, became America’s leading Socailist |
|
William McKinley |
Republican presidential candidate in 1896, respectable, friendly, civil war major |
|
Marcus Alozo Hanna |
Financially and politically supported William McKinley throughout his political career |
|
William Jennings Bryan |
Democratic presidential candidate in 1896, advocated free silver |
|
Sioux Wars |
lasted from 1876-1877. These were spectacular clashes between the Sioux Indians and white men. They were spurred by gold-greedy miners rushing into Sioux land. The white men were breaking their treaty with the Indians. The Sioux Indians were led by Sitting Bull and they were pushed by Custer’s forces. Custer led these forces until he was killed at the battle at Little Bighorn. Many of the Indian were finally forced into Canada, where they were forced by starvation to surrender. |
|
Nez Perce |
Indian tribe led by Chief Joseph revolted against American gold-seekers who threatened their territory |
|
Apache |
Native American-Indian tribe; 1870’s; group from Arizona and New Mexico led by Geronimo were difficult to control; chased into Mexico by Federal troops; they became successful farmers raising stock in Oklahoma |
|
ghost dance |
A cult that tried to call the spirits of past warriors to inspire the young braves to fight. It was crushed at the Battle of Wounded Knee after spreading to the Dakota Sioux. This led to the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887. This act tried to reform Indian tribes and turn them into "white" citizens. It did little good |
|
Battle of Wounded Knee |
A group of white Christian reformist tried to bring Christian beliefs on to the Indians. Fearing the Ghost Dance American troops were called to go with the reformist. While camped outside of an Indian reservation a gun was fired and the troops stormed the reservation killing Indian men women and children. |
|
Dawes Severalty Act |
dismantled American Indian tribes, set up individuals as family heads with 160 acres, tried to make rugged individualists out of the Indians, attempt to assimilate the Indian population into that of the American |
|
Little Big Horn |
Battle between Custer’s Seventh Cavalry and the Sioux, Custer’s Seventh was decimated |
|
Buffalo Soldiers |
Members of the US 10th Cavalry, also called the "Negro Cavalry" |
|
Comstock Lode |
In 1859, A great amount of gold and silver was discovered in Nevada. The "fifty-niners" rushed to Nevada in their own hopes of getting rich, which caused Nevada to become a state. It provided three electoral votes for President Lincoln. |
|
Long Drive |
took place in the 1880’s in the Western plain states – Cattle ranchers needed a way to easily transport their cattle to eastern cities – Cowboys would round up a lot of cattle and "drive" them to areas near railroad stations – Most of these drives went from southern Texas up to Kansas |
|
Homestead Act |
This law, passed in 1862, stated that a settler could acquire up to 160 acres of land and pay a minimal fee of $30.00 just for living on it for five years and settling it. A settler could acquire it for only six months and pay $1.25 an acre. This was important because previously land was being sold for profit and now it was basically being given away. About half a million families took advantage of this offer. Unfortunately, it was often too good to be true and the land was ravaged by drought and hard to cultivate. |
|
Sooner State |
Another name for Oklahoma |
|
safety-valve theory |
Theory that people from the city could always fall back on the frontier if things didn’t work out in the city |
|
Bonanza farms |
Wheat farms in Minnesota-South Dakota, covered 15,000 acres each |
|
National Grange |
Organization founded by Oliver H. Kelley that helped improve the lives of isolated farmers |
|
Granger Laws |
During the late 1800’s an organization of farmers, called the Grange, strove to regulate railway rates and storage fees charged by railroads, warehouses, and grain elevators through state legislation. These laws that were passed, but eventually reversed, are referred to as this. |
|
Farmer’s Alliance |
This was the first "national" organization of the farmers, which led to the creation of the Populist party. This sponsored social gatherings, were active in politics, organized cooperatives, and fought against the dominance of the railroads and manufacturers. |
|
Colored Farmers National Alliance |
An alliance of farmers designed to attract black farmers, however, it was difficult for white and black farmers to work together |
|
Populist (peoples) party |
A political group which began to emerge in 1891. They gained much support from farmers who turned to them to fight political unfairness. They used a progressive platform. James B. Weaver ran as their presidential candidate in 1892. They had an impressive voter turnout. They were also known as the People’s Party. |
|
Coin’s Financial school |
Pamphlet released by William Hope Harvey, advocated the use of silver coins |
|
Coxey’s Army |
A group of people that marched on Washington demanding jobs, were arrested for walking on grass |
|
Pullman Strike |
A strike led by Debs, US military stepped in because the strikers were interfering with US mail |
|
Cross of Gold Speech |
A speech given by William Jennings Bryan that advocated the use of silver coins, convinced the Democrats to elect him as their presidential candidate in the 1896 election |
|
gold bugs |
Democrats who couldn’t stand Bryan’s ideas on silver coinage, left the Democratic party |
|
"16 to 1" |
The rate of silver to gold that silver would be worth according to advocates of the use of silver |
|
"fourth party system" |
Political era of Republican dominance beginning in 1896, where many key issues faded |
|
Dingley Tariff Bill |
Replaced the Wilson-Gorman law and raised the tariff level |
|
Gold Standard Act |
Ended pro-silver opposition, allowed paper money to be redeemed freely for gold |
Share This
Flashcard
