|
The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding. |
True |
|
The urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle. |
True |
|
Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition. |
True |
|
The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal. |
True |
|
The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron. |
True |
|
The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct. |
False |
|
Having a kinked ureter is called renal ptosis. |
False |
|
If the GFR is too low, needed substances may pass so quickly through the renal tubules that they are not absorbed and instead are lost in the urine. |
False |
|
In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically. |
True |
|
Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption. |
True |
|
Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process. |
False |
|
In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water. |
True |
|
The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH. |
False |
|
Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate. |
True |
|
Urea is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle. |
False |
|
The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation. |
True |
|
An excessive urine output is called anuria. |
False |
|
Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood P H. |
True |
|
Atrial naturetic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption. |
True |
|
The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the filtrate. |
False |
|
Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along an osmotic gradient. |
True |
|
Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress. |
False |
|
Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water. |
False |
|
Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer. |
True |
|
The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra, urinary bladder, and finally the ureter. |
False |
|
Both the male and female urethras serve the urinary and the reproductive systems. |
False |
|
The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder. |
False |
|
Fetal kidneys have the primary responsibility of clearing wastes from the fetal blood. |
False |
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