Chapter 20 Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

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What is the medical specialty that studies the characteristics and uses of radioactive substances in diagnosis of disease?

nuclear medicine

What does a radiologist do?

specializes diagnostic techniques such as ultrasound, MRI and CT scans

Which of the following is true of a radiopaque substance?

absorbs most of the x-rays it is exposed to

Which best describes a barium enema?

metallic powder is introduced to the large intestine and x-rays are taken

IVP

x-ray of the renal pelvis and urinary tract after injecting dye into a vein

Myelogram

x-ray of the spinal cord

Which is an x-ray of a joint?

arthrogram

Which term describes an x-ray test to show an organ in depth?

tomography

What best characterizes a CT scan?

uses ionizing x-rays and a computer to produce transverse and other images of body organs

What best describes characterizes an MRI?

saggital, frontal, and cross-sectional images are produced using magnetic and radio waves

In which x-ray view is the patient upright with the back to the x-ray machine and the film to the chest?

PA view

What is the meaning of adduction?

moving the part of the body toward the midline of the body

What is a substance that gives off high-energy particles or rays?

radioisotope

In which test is a radiopharmaceutical injected intravenously and traced within the vessels of the lung?

perfusion study of the lung

What is a vivo test?

experiments are performed in a living organism

What can liver and spleen scans detect?

cirrhosis and splenomegaly due to abscess or tumor

Interventional radiologist perform all of the following except..

administration of radiation therapy

What is Thallium-201

radionuclide

In which procedure is a transducer used?

ultrasound

PACS is a?

system to replace traditional films with digital equivalents

FDG is a?

radiopharmaceutical used in a PET scan

DICOM is a?

protocol for transmission between imaging devices

SPECT is a?

technique using a radioactive substance and a computer to create three-dimensional images

Half-Time

time required for a radioactive substance to lose half its radioactivity by disintegration

Gamma Rays

high-energy rays emitted by radioactive substances

Interventional Radiology

therapeutic procedures performed by a radiologist

Ionization

transformation of electrically neutral substances into electrically charged particles

Computed Tomography ( CT )

diagnostic x-ray procedure whereby a cross-sectional and other images of a specific body segment are produced

Contrast Studies

Materials are injected to obtain contrast with surrounding tissue when shown on x-ray film

Gamma Camera

machine to detect gamma rays emitted from radiopharmaceuticals during scanning for diagnostic purposes

Radiolucent

permitting the passage of x-rays

In Vivo

process, test, or procedure performed, measured, or observed in a living organism

Positron Emission Tomography ( PET )

radioactive substance is given intravenously and a cross-sectional image is created of cellular metabolism based on local concentration of the radioactive substance

In Vitro

process, test, or procedure performed, measured, or observed outside a living organism

Nuclear Medicine

medical specialty that studies the uses of radioactive substances in diagnosis of disease

Magnetic Resonance ( MR )

magnetic field and radio waves produce images of the body in three planes (coronal, sagittal, and axial)

Labeled Compound

radiopharmaceutical used in nuclear medicine studies

Radioimmunoassay

test that combines radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patients blood

Radioisotope

radioactive form of an element; radionuclide

Radiology

medical specialty concerned with the study of x-rays and their use in the diagnosis of disease

Uptake

rate of absorption of a radionuclide into an organ or tissue

Scan

Image of an area, organ, or tissue obtained from ultrasound, radioactive tracer studies, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging

Ultrasound Transducer

handheld device that sends and receives ultrasound signals

Tagging

attaching a radionuclide to a chemical and following its path in the body

Ventilation-Perfusion Studies

radiopharmaceutical is inhaled and injected intravenously followed by imaging its passage through the respiratory tract

Radiopaque

obstructing the passage of x-rays

Scintigraphy

diagnostic nuclear medicine test using radiopharmaceuticals and gamma cameras to create images

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

radioactive tracer is injected intravenously and a computer reconstructs a three-dimensional image based on a composite of many views

Radiopharmaceutical

radioactive drug (radionuclide plus chemical) that is administered for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

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