Chapter 2 Quiz multiple choice

Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nerve impulses?

A) Fe
B) I
C) P
D) Na

D) Na

The basic structural material of the body consists of ________.

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids

C) proteins

In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have ________.

A) a high water content
B) long fatty acid chains
C) saturated fatty acids
D) unsaturated fatty acids

D) unsaturated fatty acids

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.

A) regular alteration of sugar and phosphate molecules B) sequence of the nucleotides
C) three-dimensional structure of the double helix
D) arrangement of the histones

B) sequence of the nucleotides

Which of the following does NOT characterize proteins?

A) They may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity.
B) They have both functional and structural roles in the body.
C) They appear to be the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information.
D) Their function depends on their three-dimensional shape.

C) They appear to be the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information.

The single most abundant protein in the body is ________.

A) DNA
B) hemoglobin
C) collagen
D) glucose

C) collagen

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of ________.

A) glucose
B) triglycerides
C) glycogen
D) cholesterol

C) glycogen

Which of the following does NOT describe enzymes?

A) Some enzymes are purely protein.
B) Some enzymes are protein plus a cofactor.
C) Each enzyme is chemically specific.
D) Enzymes work by raising the energy of activation.

D) Enzymes work by raising the energy of activation.

Which of the following is a general function for a fibrous protein?

A) transport
B) protein management
C) body defense
D) catalysis
E) structural framework

E) structural framework

A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with ________.

A) the release of energy
B) the consumption of energy
C) a synthesis
D) forming a larger molecule

A) the release of energy

Salts are always ________.

A) ionic compounds
B) single covalent compounds
C) double covalent compounds
D) hydrogen bonded

A) ionic compounds

The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?

A) 2, 8, 8
B) 2, 8
C) 2
D) 2, 8, 1

D) 2, 8, 1

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) When acids and bases are mixed, they react with each other to form water and a salt.
B) The more hydrogen ions in a solution, the more acidic the solution.
C) When the hydrogen ion concentration decreases, the hydroxyl ion concentration also decreases.
D) The pH of blood is slightly basic.

C) When the hydrogen ion concentration decreases, the hydroxyl ion concentration also decreases.

Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?

A) magnesium
B) hydrogen
C) potassium
D) sodium

D) sodium

Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?

A) H2O
B) NaCl
C) NaOH
D) CH4

D) CH4

What is a chain of more than 50 amino acids called?

A) triglyceride
B) polysaccharide
C) protein
D) nucleic acid

C) protein

What structural level is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix?

A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure

B) secondary structure

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.

A) addition of a water molecule between each two units B) addition of a carbon atom between each two units
C) removal of a water molecule between each two units D) removal of a carbon atom between each two units

C) removal of a water molecule between each two units

Which statement about enzymes is FALSE?

A) Enzymes require contact with substrate in order to assume their active form.
B) Most enzymes can catalyze millions of reactions per minute.
C) Enzymes may use coenzymes derived from vitamins or cofactors from metallic elements.
D) Enzymes may be damaged by high temperature.

A) Enzymes require contact with substrate in order to assume their active form.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Chemical reactions proceed more quickly at higher temperatures.
B) Chemical reactions progress at a faster rate when the reacting particles are present in higher numbers.
C) Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully.
D) Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions,

C) Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully.

Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-.

A) a bicarbonate ion
B) common in the liver
C) a weak acid
D) a proton donor

A) a bicarbonate ion

Select which reactions will usually be irreversible regarding chemical equilibrium in human bodies.

A) glucose to CO2 and H2O
B) ADP + Pi to make ATP
C)H2O + CO2 to make H2CO3
D) glucose molecules joined to make glycogen

A) glucose to CO2 and H2O

What happens in redox reactions?

A) both decomposition and electron exchange occur
B) the electron acceptor is oxidized
C) the organic substance that loses hydrogen is usually reduced
D) the reaction is uniformly reversible

A) both decomposition and electron exchange occur

Choose the answer that best describes fibrous proteins.

A) rarely exhibit secondary structure
B) are very stable and insoluble in water
C) are usually called enzymes
D) are cellular catalysts

B) are very stable and insoluble in water

Which of the following does NOT describe uses for the ATP molecule?

A) chemical work`
B) mechanical work`
C) transport across membranes`
D) pigment structure ‘

D) pigment structure ‘

Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.

A) Three forms exist: DNA, RNA, and tDNA.
B) DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases.
C) RNA is a long, single-stranded molecule made up of the bases A, T, G, and C.
D) tDNA is considered a "molecular slave" of DNA during protein synthesis.

B) DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases.

Which of the following is an example of a suspension?

A) cytosol B) salt water C) rubbing alcohol D) blood

D) blood

Select the correct statement about isotopes.

A) Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their mass number.
B) All the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons but differing numbers of electrons.
C) All the isotopes of an element are radioactive.
D) Isotopes occur only in the heavier elements.

A) Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their mass number.

The four elements that make up about 96% of body weight are ________.

A) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, calcium
B) nitrogen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
C) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
D) Sodium, potassium, hydrogen, oxygen

C) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

________ is fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal bone growth and function.

A) Vitamin K
B) Cortisol
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin D

D) Vitamin D

You notice that you cannot read your book through a test tube of patient fluid held against the print, making it so blurred as to be unreadable. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days in a rack. What type of liquid is this?

A) solution
B) suspension
C) colloid
D) mixture

C) colloid

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell (outermost energy level)?

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 10

C) 7

A high fever causes an enzyme to lose its three dimensional structure and function. Which bonds are broken when a protein denatures?

A) ionic bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) polar covalent bonds
D) non-polar covalent bonds

B) hydrogen bonds

If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?

A) 37 protons and 37 neutrons
B) 37 electrons
C) 74 protons
D) 37 protons and 37 electrons

C) 74 protons

What does the formula C6H12O6 mean?

A) There are 6 calcium, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms.
B) There are, 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms.
C) The molecular weight is 24.
D) The substance is a colloid.

B) There are, 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms.

An atom with 3 electrons in its outermost (valence) shell may have a total of ________ electrons altogether.

A) 3
B) 8
C) 13
D) 17

C) 13

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?

A) HCl → H+ + Cl-
B) NaOH → Na+ + OH-
C) NH3 + H+ → NH4+2
D) HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

D) HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

The chemical symbol O=O means ________.

A) zero equals zero
B) both atoms are bonded and have zero electrons in the outer orbit
C) the atoms are double bonded
D) this is an ionic bond with two shared electrons

C) the atoms are double bonded

What is a dipole?

A) a type of bond
B) a polar molecule
C) a type of reaction
D) an organic molecule

B) a polar molecule

What does CH4 mean?

A) There is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
B) There are four carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
C) This is an inorganic molecule.
D) This was involved in a redox reaction.

A) There is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ________ reaction.

A) synthesis
B) decomposition
C) exchange
D) reversible

A) synthesis

Which of the following is NOT considered a factor in influencing a reaction rate?

A) temperature
B) concentration of reactants
C) particle size
D) time

D) Time

Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?

A) high heat capacity
B) high heat of vaporization
C) polar solvent properties
D) reactivity
E) cushioning

B) high heat of vaporization

Sucrose is a ________.

A) monosaccharide
B) disaccharide
C) polysaccharide
D) triglyceride

B) disaccharide

What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in triglycerides (neutral fats)?

A) 1:1 B) 2:1 C) 3:1 D) 4:1

C) 3:1

In a DNA molecule, the phosphate serves ________.

A) as a code
B) to hold the molecular backbone together
C) to bind the sugars to their bases
D) as nucleotides

B) to hold the molecular backbone together

When frying an egg, the protein albumin denatures and maintains only its ________ structure.

A) quaternary
B) tertiary
C) secondary
D) primary

D) primary

Which of the following is chemically inert (unreactive)?

A) carbon (atomic number 6)
B) neon (atomic number 10)
C) oxygen (atomic number 8)
D) Sodium (atomic number 11)

B) neon (atomic number 10)

An atom with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 24 would have ________.

A) 14 electrons
B) 14 neutrons
C) 10 neutrons
D) 24 protons

B) 14 neutrons

When DNA is replicated, it is necessary for the two strands to "unzip" temporarily. Choose which bonding type is most appropriate for holding the strands together in this way.

A) ionic bonding
B) polar covalent bonding
C) hydrogen bonding
D) non-polar covalent bonding

C) hydrogen bonding

Lithium has an atomic number of 3. How many electrons are there in the outermost (valence) shell?

A) one B) two C) three D) zero

A) one

ATP → ADP + Pi is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.

A) reversible
B) synthesis
C) exchange
D) decomposition

D) decomposition

An acid with a pH of 6 has ________ hydrogen ions than pure water.

A) 10-fold more
B) 100-fold more
C) 10-fold fewer
D) 100-fold fewer

A) 10-fold more

A patient is hyperventilating. The "blowing off" of excessive carbon dioxide causes a decrease in blood H+ concentration. How can the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system function to correct this imbalance?

CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-

A) H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and raise pH
B) HCO3- binds with H+ to form H2CO3 and raise pH
C) H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and lower pH
D) HCO3- binds with H+ to form H2CO3 and lower pH

C) H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and lower pH

Forming glycogen as energy storage in the liver is an example of ________.

A) oxidation B) anabolism C) exergonic D) catabolism

B) anabolism

Salivary amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that breaks down carbohydrates. What will happen to this enzyme as it follows the food into the stomach where the pH drops to 2.5?

A) The enzyme will continue to function as it remains unchanged in chemical reactions.
B) The enzyme will assume an alternate form and catalyze additional reactions.
C) The enzyme will denature but retain its function.
D) The enzyme will denature and become inactive.

D) The enzyme will denature and become inactive.

With a family history of cardiovascular disease, which toast spread would be considered the most "heart healthy?"

A) margarine containing trans fats
B) olive oil
C) butter containing butterfat
D) lard (pig fat)

B) olive oil

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

A) amino acid; protein
B) monosaccharide; carbohydrate
C) nucleotide; nucleic acid
D) eicosanoid; triglyceride

D) eicosanoid; triglyceride

Starch is the stored carbohydrate in plants, while ________ is the stored carbohydrate in animals.

A) glycogen
B) cellulose
C) glucose
D) triglyceride

A) glycogen

How many phosphates would AMP have attached to it?

A) two B) three C) one D) none

C) one

Tendons are strong, rope-like structures that connect skeletal muscle to bone. Which of the following proteins would provide strength to a tendon?

A) actin
B) collagen
C) molecular chaperone
D) albumin

B) collagen

Phospholipids make up most of the lipid part of the cell membrane. Since water exists on both the outside and inside of a cell, which of the following phospholipid arrangements makes the most sense?

A) two back-to-back phospholipid layers with the non-polar tails facing out on both sides
B) a single layer of phospholipids with the polar heads facing outside the cell
C) two back-to-back phospholipid layers with the polar heads facing out on both sides
D) a single layer of phospholipids with the polar heads facing inside the cell

C) two back-to-back phospholipid layers with the polar heads facing out on both sides

What type of chemical bond can form between an atom with 11 protons and an atom with 17 protons?

A) non-polar covalent
B) polar covalent
C) hydrogen
D) ionic

D) ionic