Chapter 18 – The Lymphatic System and Immunity

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Compared to blood capillaries, lymphatic capillaries are _________.

blind-ended

Which of the following is NOT one of the major cell types of lymphoid tissue?

Fibroblasts
Lymphocytes
Dendritic Cells
Reticular Cells

Fibroblasts

The major lymphatic vessel that drains the right lower side of the body is the _____.

thoracic duct

Which of the following is not a basic function of the lymphatic system?
absorption of dietary fats
regulation of interstitial fluid volume
immune functions
regulation of calcium ion concentration in the blood

regulation of calcium ion concentration in the blood

Fluid found in lymphatic vessels is known as:

lymph

The right lymphatic duct receives lymph from the:

right arm

What makes lymphatic vessels similar to the venous circuit of the cardiovascular system?

Both vessels have valves

An accumulation of excess interstitial fluid is known as:

edema

What do lacteals, located in the small intestine, collect?

fat

What best describes lymphatic capillaries?

a) two-way circuit to and from the heart
b) impermeable
c) extremely permeable
d) transport blood

c) extremely permeable

What is the main role of macrophages in the lymphatic tissues?

phagocytosis

A sinus infection would most likely cause swelling in what lymph nodes?

cervical lymph nodes

What region of the lymph node contains many mature B cells?

Medulla

Where are pathogens filtered from lymph?

lymph nodes

What is the function of the red pulp of the spleen?

House macrophages that destroy old erythrocytes

If the thymus shrank and stopped making hormones in a child, we would expect to see a decrease in the number of?

a) eosinophils
b) B cells
c) neutrophils
d) T cells

T cells

Cell-mediated immunity is to T cells is as antibody mediated immunity is to ____.

B cells

Which of the following is a characteristic of innate immunity?

a) it is the dominant response after 3 to 5 days
b) response to specific antigens
c) rapid response
d) immunological memory

C) Rapid Response

Surface barriers, such as cutaneous and mucous membranes, serve the immune system as the _____ line of defense.

First

Which of the following is NOT a surface barrier serving as the first line of defense?

a) mucus
b) oil
c) antibody
d) keratin

c) antibody

Which lymphoid organ is required for the selection of a functional population of T lymphocytes (T cells) for the immune system?

Thymus

Fever is initiated by chemicals called _____.

Pyrogens

Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?

a) edema
b) pain
c) fever
d) redness

c) fever

Which of the following is NOT a phagocytic cell of the immune system?

a) neutrophils
b) macrophage
c) eosinophils
d) basophils

d) basophils

What is NOT a function of macrophages?

a) serve as antigen-presenting cells
b) secrete substances onto pathogens that are too large to ingest
c) activate T cells
d) kill ingested pathogens with chemicals

c) activate T cells

What cells display portions of the pathogens (antigens) they ingest on their plasma membranes?

antigen-presenting cells

What organ is responsible for producing most of the plasma proteins known as the complement system?

Liver

A patient has a high level of pyrogens, indicating that she has a ____.

fever

What initiates T cell activation?

Begins with a cell processing and displaying antigen fragments on its MHC molecules.

Activated helper T (Th) Cells or cytotoxic T (Tc) cell clones differentiate into:

effector cells and memory T cells

What cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunological memory in which the immune response is expedited upon subsequent exposure to an antigen?

Memory T Cells

Cells that help regulate the immune response are

Helper T (Th) Cells

Madison wants to give a kidney to her older sister. What type of organ transplant will this be?

Allograft

Which of the following characteristics of adaptive immunity ensures that vaccination effectively prevents disease?

Immunological memory

The last step of B cell activation is ____.

Plasma cells secrete antibodies

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways antibodies work?

a) agglutination and precipitation
b) release cytotoxic granules
c) neutralization
d) opsonization

b) release cytotoxic granules

Which of the following is NOT a type of vaccine?

a) subunit vaccine
b) "killed" vaccine
c) live, attenuated vaccine
d) live, virulent vaccine

d) live, virulent vaccine

The most prevalent antibody, which is able to cross the placenta is _____.

IgG

A patient has been potentially exposed to hepatitis A and is receiving human serum antibodies to prevent infection. This is an example of ______.

passive immunity

Determine the first phase of the antibody-mediated immune response:

a) B cell clones recognize it specific antigen
b) Antibody levels in the blood rise dramatically
c) memory cells react rapidly upon a second encounter with the antigen
d) B cells should now be present in the body’s fluid

B cell clones recognize its specific antigen

B cells develop and mature in the ________.

bone marrow

Immunoglobulins are also known as ___________.

Antibodies

Activated B cells differentiate into _______ and _______.

Plasma cells and memory B cells

Which of the following secretes antibodies?

a) memory b cells
b) antigen-presenting cells
c) dendritic cells
d) plasma cells

plasma cells

Which of the following represents the five basic classes of antibodies?

a) IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
b) IgA, IgB, IgJ, IgL, IgM
c) IgA, IgB, IgC, IgD, IgE
d) IgA, IgD, IgE, IgF, IgK

a) IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

Which antibody is NOT secreted by B cells in significant amounts?

IgD

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

a) neutralization
b) opsonization
c) agglutination
d) phagocytosis

d) phagocytosis

Vaccinations involve exposure to an antigen to elicit ____________.

a primary immune response

What cell plays an extensive role in the eradication of bacteria as phagocytes?

neutrophils

Cancer cells can suppress T cell activity by releasing ________.

cytokines

What type of cell is activated in lymphatic tissue by macrophages presenting antigens during a viral infection?

helper T cells

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