Genetic information of eukaryotic cells is transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the form of __________. |
RNA |
When RNA is being made, the RNA base _________ always pairs with the base __________ in DNA. |
U; A |
By bombarding the fungus Neurospora crassa with X-rays, Beadle and Tatum were able to study __________ and characterize enzymes in a __________. |
nutritional mutants; biochemical pathway |
In eukaryotic cells, a __________ by a __________ targets a growing peptide to the endoplasmic reticulum. |
signal peptide; signal-recognition particle |
Which of the following is a post-translational modification of a polypeptide? |
promoter |
The structures called snRNPs are __________. |
part of a spliceosome |
Gene expression is __________. |
the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins |
One strand of a DNA molecule has the following sequence: 3-AGTACAAACTATCCACCGTC-5. |
promoter |
The sickle-cell β-globin mutation is an example of a __________. |
missense mutation |
RNA molecules that function as enzymes are called __________. |
ribozymes |
__________ is the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA. |
Translation |
Which of the following best describes the arrangement of genetic information in a DNA molecule? |
The three-nucleotide words of a gene are arranged in a nonoverlapping series on the DNA template strand. |
Stop codons are unique because they __________. |
do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the A site of the ribosome |
Eukaryotic processing of the primary transcript includes __________. |
the addition of a 5ꞌ cap, a 3ꞌ poly-A tail, and the splicing out of introns |
The function of tRNA during protein synthesis is to __________. |
deliver amino acids to their proper site during protein synthesis |
An exception to the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis is __________. |
that not all genes code for enzymes; some genes code for structural proteins such as keratin |
What is the proper order of the following events in the expression of a eukaryotic gene? |
3,2,1,4 |
The bonds that hold tRNA molecules in the correct three-dimensional shape are __________. |
hydrogen bonds |
The type of point mutation that results in a premature stop codon is called a _________ mutation. |
nonsense |
The "triplet code" refers to the fact that _________. |
three nucleotides code for a single amino acid |
__________ is the synthesis of RNA using information in the DNA. |
Transcription |
Polysomes may be defined as __________. |
groups of ribosomes |
Because the bacterial cell's DNA is not surrounded by a nuclear envelope, __________ occur(s). |
coupled transcription and translation |
Insertions and deletions are called __________ mutations. |
frameshift |
How many nucleotides are needed to code for a protein with 450 amino acids? |
At least 1,350 |
Who formulated the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis? |
Beadle and Tatum |
Which of the following catalyzes the linkage between ribonucleotides to form RNA during gene expression? |
RNA polymerase |
Bacteria can transcribe and translate human genes to produce functional human proteins because __________. |
the genetic code is nearly universal |
The TATA box is a __________ that allows for the binding of __________ and __________. |
eukaryotic promoter; transcription factors; RNA polymerase II |
What is a key difference in gene expression between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? |
In prokaryotic cells, the mRNA transcript is immediately available as mRNA without processing. |