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Database |
A collection of related data that is stored in a manner enabling information to be retrieved as needed; in a relational database, a collection of related tables. |
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Database management system (DBMS) |
A type of software program used to create, maintain, and access databases. |
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Table |
In a relational database, a collection of related records or rows. |
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Field |
A single category of data to be stored in a database, such as customer names or employee telephone numbers. Also called a column. |
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Column |
A field in a database. |
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Record |
A collection of related fields in a database. Also called a row. |
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Row |
A collection of related fields located in a single table in a database. |
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Primary key |
A specific field in a database table that uniquely identifies the records in that table. |
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Entity |
Something (such as a person, object, or event) that is important to a business or organization; typically becomes a database table in a database system for that business or organization. |
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Attribute |
A characteristic of an entity. |
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Data definition |
The process of describing the properties of data that is to be included in a database table. |
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Data dictionary |
The repository of all data definitions in a database. |
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Metadata |
Data about data, such as the data contained in a data dictionary. |
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Data integrity |
The accuracy of data. |
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Data validation |
The process of ensuring that data entered into a database is valid (matches the data definition). |
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Data security |
Protecting the data located in a database against destruction and misuse. |
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Data privacy |
Protecting the privacy of the data located in a database. |
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Indexed organization |
A method for organizing data on a storage medium or in a database that uses an index to specify the exact storage location. |
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Index |
A small table containing a primary key and the location of the record belonging to that key; used to locate records in a database. |
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Direct organization |
A method of arranging data on a storage medium that uses hashing to specify the exact storage location. |
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Single-user database system |
A database located on a single computer and designed to be accessed by a single user. |
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Multiuser database system |
A database designed to be accessed by multiple users. |
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Client-server data base system |
A database system where the database is located on a server and accessed by client devices. |
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Centralized database system |
A database system in which all of the data used by the system is located on a single computer. |
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Distributed database system |
A database system in which the data used by the system is located on multiple computers tat ae connected via a network. |
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In-memory database (IMDB) |
A database that stores all data in memory instead of on a hard drive. |
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Relational database management system (RDBMS) |
A type of database system in which data is stored in tables related by common fields; the most widely used database model today. |
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Normalization |
The process of evaluating and correcting the structure of a database table to minimize data redundancy. |
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Form |
A formatted way of viewing and editing a table in a database. |
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Query |
A request to see information from a database that matches specific criteria. |
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Structured query language (SQL) |
A popular query language standard for information retrieval in relational databases. |
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Report |
A formatted way of looking at information retrieved from a database table or the results of a query. |
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Object-oriented database management system (OODBMS) |
A type of database system in which multiple types of data are stored as objects along with their related code. |
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Hybrid XML/relational database |
A type of database system that can store and retrieve both XML data and relational data. |
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Multidimensional database (MDDB) |
A type of database designed to be used with data warehousing. |
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Middleware |
Software used to connect two otherwise separate applications, such as a Web server and a database management system. |
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