Chapter 13 Sociology

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Which of the following concepts refers to a religious organization that is largely outside a society’s cultural traditions?

Cult

Karl Marx pointed out the many positive functions of religion for social life.

False

In vitro fertilization refers to conception by an unmarried couple.

False

A religious organization that is well integrated into the larger society is called

church

Regardless of race, families headed by a single women are

at high risk for poverty

Most people in the United States who divorce

remarry within five years

What do the sacred texts of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have in common?

Support for patriarchy

More than half of people in the United States who divorce remarry, most within four years.

True

Compared to what it was a century ago, the U.S. divorce rate is now

about three times higher.

The dominant residential form in the United States is neolocality

True

What is the effect of industrialization on the number of children in a typical family?

Families have fewer children

One of the functions of religion for society is to operate as a system of social control.

true

People in the United States today are more accepting of divorce than they were a century ago.

True

Which of the following nations stands out as the most religious of all high-income countries?

The United States

In most African nations, about what percentage of people in the United States claim to believe in a divine power?

90 percent

On national surveys, about what percentage of people in the United States claim to believe in divine power?

90 percent

Faith is a way of knowing based on

conviction or belief in things unseen.

The claim that the United States is a post-denomination society is based on a movement ________

supporting spiritualism, but away from formal denominations.

Men are more likely to be killed by a spouse, partner, or ex-partner than women.

False

Among American Indians who migrate from reservations to cities, a common pattern is

all of these responses are correct

Grandmothers have an especially important role in African American families

True

The concept of "patrilocality" refers to

a residential pattern by which a married couple lives near the husband’s family

Another name for the extended family is the conjugal family

false

Which of the following would you expect to be the least stable type of religious organizations?

cult

Following structural-functional theory, the family

is important enough to be called the backbone of society

Which of the following concepts was used by Emile Durkheim to refer to an object in the natural world collectively defined as sacred?

Totem

Although science has great importance in modern societies, religion continues because

science says nothing about the ultimate meaning of life.

As the official Church of England, the Anglican Church is best described as a

state church

Assume you were visiting a society in which people traced family ties only through women. This society would correctly be called

matrilineal

Which sociologist claimed that religion turned people’s attention away from social inequality in the world?

Karl Marx

Jessie Bernard claimed that women would be happier in marriage if men did not expect them to do almost all the housework

true

In 1950, 90 percent of U.S. households were families, meaning that they contained two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption. In 2009, ___________ of U.S. households were families.

67 percent

The family is a social institution that is found in

every human society

Which of the following categories of our population has the highest share of female-headed households?

African Americans

The concept "sacred" refers to the familiar, everyday elements of life.

false

One concern about the great importance most people in the United States give to romantic love as the basis of marriage is that

romantic love can fade, which may contribute to our nation’s high divorce rate.

Which of the following people would you pick as being the highest risk of divorce?

a young couple who marry after a short courtship

Bilateral descent is found in societies that have a relatively high level of gender equality.

true

In the United States, a slight majority of adults claim to be

protestant

Which of the following factors is NOT a reason for the long-term upward trend in divorce rates?

Today’s women are more economically dependent on men.

A cult is a religious organization largely outside of a society’s cultural traditions.

true

Read the four statements below. Which of the four is NOT a trait of religious fundamentalism?

Accepting religious pluralism

Max Weber argued that the rise of industrial capitalism was encouraged by Calvinist religious doctrine.

True

Durkheim explained that what people understand as profane are things

that are common to everyday life

Churches place greater importance on the personal experience of conversion than sects do.

false

Describing the lives of working-class women, Lillian Rubin reported that the typical woman said she wanted a husband who

had a steady job and was not violent

As of 2010, seven countries have national laws that permit same-sex marriage-both in name and in practice. Which of the following is NOT one of the seven?

The United States

Emile Durkheim pointed to three functions of religion for society. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Fostering social conflict

In 1989, which country became the first to permit legal same-sex partnerships with many of the benefits of marriage?

Denmark

Most cohabiting parents continue to live together with their children until the children reach adulthood.

false

Looking ahead twenty years in the United States, we can predict with confidence that

family life will be diverse

Typically, industrial societies make use of which of the following systems to trace ancestry?

Bilateral descent

In the United States, family violence is

a serious often criminal problem.

The concept "homogamy" means that

people marry others who are socially like themselves

Most research suggests that growing up in a one-parent family disadvantages children.

true

A system of marriage that unites only two partners is called

monogamy

Which of the following concepts refers to the fusion of Christian principles with political activism, often Marxist in character?

Liberation theology

A sect is a type of religious organization that

stands apart from the larger society

Mounting research suggests that cohabitation

may actually discourage marriage because people get used to low-commitment relationships

Which of the following religious organizations began as a cult?

all of these responses are correct

Guided by the symbolic-interaction approach, sociologists examine

all of these are correct

Which of the following is an example of civil religion?

patriotism

Jane is a woman married to one man. When she took a sociology course, she discovered that such marriages are described as

monogamy

Patterns that describe many Latino families include

all of these are correct

In most African nations, the law permits a man to have more than one wife.

true

Animism is the belief that

everything in the world is a conscious, living force that is able to affect us.

A family composed of one or two parents and their children is called

a nuclear family

Looking for evidence about how much the traditional family is eroding, you might point to the fact that

all of these are correct

The incest taboo

is found in all societies

One of the functions of religion for society is to operate as a system of social control.

true

In the United States, members of some religion denominations (such as Episcopalians) have higher average social standing than others (such as baptist)

true

The recent trend in racially mixed marriages has been

upward-the numbers are increasing

More than half of people in the United States who divorce remarry, most within four years

true

A family that includes parents, children and other kin is called

an extended family

Kinship is based on a common ancestry, marriage, or adoption.

true

Supporters of liberation theology hope that this social movement will achieve which of the following goals?

reducing social inequality and, especially, poverty

In the United States, people who hold fundamentalist beliefs generally support traditional, otherworldly religion.

true

State churches are found in societies that hold to the "separation of church and state."

false

A charismatic leader is most likely to be found in which of the following?

cult

Which of the following people would you pick as being at the highest risk of divorce?

a young couple who marry after a short courtship

An analysis of how religion supports the interests of a society’s elites would fall under which of the following theoretical approaches?

social-conflict approach

Emile Durkheim pointed out three societal functions of religion. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

increasing social conflict

Most sociologists agree that

religion will remain an important part of U.S. society

The symbolic-interaction approach treats religion as socially constructed meaning that provides greater certainty and security for our lives.

true

Animism is closely associated with which of the following societies?

Native American societies

Karl Marx pointed out the many positive functions of religion for social life

false

In the United States, being more religious is linked to

lower risk of juvenile delinquency

The family is a social institution that is found in

every human society

When all the evidence is considered, about what share of the U.S. population is really at least somewhat religious?

one-third

Over the course of the last century, in high-income nations such as the United States, families have become

more egalitarian with regard to gender

Max Weber carried out historical analysis of the rise of the Industrial Revolution and capitalism that linked this change to

religious values and beliefs, especially those associated with Calvinism

The concept "empty nest" refers to

families whose children have grown and left the home

Karl Marx believed that religion

reinforces patterns of social inequality

"Seekers" who pursue "New Age" spiritually believe that everything and everyone is connected by a divine force or plan

true

Social class affects what women say they expect in a husband

true

A totem is any object defined by members of a society as profane

false

African Americans and Asian Americans show significant differences in typical family form.

true

Emile Durkheim claimed that, in religious life, people celebrate the awesome power of their society.

true

Charisma is a personal quality that lets someone attract others as followers.

true

Singlehood is gaining popularity among young people in the United States

true

In 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriage must be permitted by law throughout the United States.

True

The concept "civil religion" refers to tolerating practices and beliefs that differ form your own.

false

Structural-functional theory points out how family perpetuates social inequality.

false

In general, industrialization tends to change the dominant family form from

extended families to nuclear families

______________ refers to the fusion of Christian principles with political activism, often Marxist in character.

Liberation theology

Following Max Weber’s analysis of religion, we could say industrial capitalism is

disenchanted religion

Feminist theory links the operation of the family to patriarchy.

true

In the United States, the Amish would be an example of a

sect

Exogamy means that parents of similar social position pass on their standing to their children.

false

The text identifies one region of the world where arranged marriage, although illegal, still takes place in rural areas. That global region is

India and Sri Lanka

Over the course of its history, the Roman Catholic Church has been a

all of these things listed here in varying times and places

The concept "endogamy" refers to marriage between

people of the same social category

a social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including children

family

a social bond based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption.

kinship

a legal relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, sexual activity, and childbearing.

marriage

a family composed of parents and children as well as other kin; also known as a consanguine family

extended family

a family composed of one or two parents and their children; also known as a conjugal family

nuclear family

marriage between people of different social categories.

Exogamy

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