Which of the following concepts refers to a religious organization that is largely outside a society’s cultural traditions? |
Cult |
Karl Marx pointed out the many positive functions of religion for social life. |
False |
In vitro fertilization refers to conception by an unmarried couple. |
False |
A religious organization that is well integrated into the larger society is called |
church |
Regardless of race, families headed by a single women are |
at high risk for poverty |
Most people in the United States who divorce |
remarry within five years |
What do the sacred texts of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have in common? |
Support for patriarchy |
More than half of people in the United States who divorce remarry, most within four years. |
True |
Compared to what it was a century ago, the U.S. divorce rate is now |
about three times higher. |
The dominant residential form in the United States is neolocality |
True |
What is the effect of industrialization on the number of children in a typical family? |
Families have fewer children |
One of the functions of religion for society is to operate as a system of social control. |
true |
People in the United States today are more accepting of divorce than they were a century ago. |
True |
Which of the following nations stands out as the most religious of all high-income countries? |
The United States |
In most African nations, about what percentage of people in the United States claim to believe in a divine power? |
90 percent |
On national surveys, about what percentage of people in the United States claim to believe in divine power? |
90 percent |
Faith is a way of knowing based on |
conviction or belief in things unseen. |
The claim that the United States is a post-denomination society is based on a movement ________ |
supporting spiritualism, but away from formal denominations. |
Men are more likely to be killed by a spouse, partner, or ex-partner than women. |
False |
Among American Indians who migrate from reservations to cities, a common pattern is |
all of these responses are correct |
Grandmothers have an especially important role in African American families |
True |
The concept of "patrilocality" refers to |
a residential pattern by which a married couple lives near the husband’s family |
Another name for the extended family is the conjugal family |
false |
Which of the following would you expect to be the least stable type of religious organizations? |
cult |
Following structural-functional theory, the family |
is important enough to be called the backbone of society |
Which of the following concepts was used by Emile Durkheim to refer to an object in the natural world collectively defined as sacred? |
Totem |
Although science has great importance in modern societies, religion continues because |
science says nothing about the ultimate meaning of life. |
As the official Church of England, the Anglican Church is best described as a |
state church |
Assume you were visiting a society in which people traced family ties only through women. This society would correctly be called |
matrilineal |
Which sociologist claimed that religion turned people’s attention away from social inequality in the world? |
Karl Marx |
Jessie Bernard claimed that women would be happier in marriage if men did not expect them to do almost all the housework |
true |
In 1950, 90 percent of U.S. households were families, meaning that they contained two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption. In 2009, ___________ of U.S. households were families. |
67 percent |
The family is a social institution that is found in |
every human society |
Which of the following categories of our population has the highest share of female-headed households? |
African Americans |
The concept "sacred" refers to the familiar, everyday elements of life. |
false |
One concern about the great importance most people in the United States give to romantic love as the basis of marriage is that |
romantic love can fade, which may contribute to our nation’s high divorce rate. |
Which of the following people would you pick as being the highest risk of divorce? |
a young couple who marry after a short courtship |
Bilateral descent is found in societies that have a relatively high level of gender equality. |
true |
In the United States, a slight majority of adults claim to be |
protestant |
Which of the following factors is NOT a reason for the long-term upward trend in divorce rates? |
Today’s women are more economically dependent on men. |
A cult is a religious organization largely outside of a society’s cultural traditions. |
true |
Read the four statements below. Which of the four is NOT a trait of religious fundamentalism? |
Accepting religious pluralism |
Max Weber argued that the rise of industrial capitalism was encouraged by Calvinist religious doctrine. |
True |
Durkheim explained that what people understand as profane are things |
that are common to everyday life |
Churches place greater importance on the personal experience of conversion than sects do. |
false |
Describing the lives of working-class women, Lillian Rubin reported that the typical woman said she wanted a husband who |
had a steady job and was not violent |
As of 2010, seven countries have national laws that permit same-sex marriage-both in name and in practice. Which of the following is NOT one of the seven? |
The United States |
Emile Durkheim pointed to three functions of religion for society. Which of the following is NOT one of them? |
Fostering social conflict |
In 1989, which country became the first to permit legal same-sex partnerships with many of the benefits of marriage? |
Denmark |
Most cohabiting parents continue to live together with their children until the children reach adulthood. |
false |
Looking ahead twenty years in the United States, we can predict with confidence that |
family life will be diverse |
Typically, industrial societies make use of which of the following systems to trace ancestry? |
Bilateral descent |
In the United States, family violence is |
a serious often criminal problem. |
The concept "homogamy" means that |
people marry others who are socially like themselves |
Most research suggests that growing up in a one-parent family disadvantages children. |
true |
A system of marriage that unites only two partners is called |
monogamy |
Which of the following concepts refers to the fusion of Christian principles with political activism, often Marxist in character? |
Liberation theology |
A sect is a type of religious organization that |
stands apart from the larger society |
Mounting research suggests that cohabitation |
may actually discourage marriage because people get used to low-commitment relationships |
Which of the following religious organizations began as a cult? |
all of these responses are correct |
Guided by the symbolic-interaction approach, sociologists examine |
all of these are correct |
Which of the following is an example of civil religion? |
patriotism |
Jane is a woman married to one man. When she took a sociology course, she discovered that such marriages are described as |
monogamy |
Patterns that describe many Latino families include |
all of these are correct |
In most African nations, the law permits a man to have more than one wife. |
true |
Animism is the belief that |
everything in the world is a conscious, living force that is able to affect us. |
A family composed of one or two parents and their children is called |
a nuclear family |
Looking for evidence about how much the traditional family is eroding, you might point to the fact that |
all of these are correct |
The incest taboo |
is found in all societies |
One of the functions of religion for society is to operate as a system of social control. |
true |
In the United States, members of some religion denominations (such as Episcopalians) have higher average social standing than others (such as baptist) |
true |
The recent trend in racially mixed marriages has been |
upward-the numbers are increasing |
More than half of people in the United States who divorce remarry, most within four years |
true |
A family that includes parents, children and other kin is called |
an extended family |
Kinship is based on a common ancestry, marriage, or adoption. |
true |
Supporters of liberation theology hope that this social movement will achieve which of the following goals? |
reducing social inequality and, especially, poverty |
In the United States, people who hold fundamentalist beliefs generally support traditional, otherworldly religion. |
true |
State churches are found in societies that hold to the "separation of church and state." |
false |
A charismatic leader is most likely to be found in which of the following? |
cult |
Which of the following people would you pick as being at the highest risk of divorce? |
a young couple who marry after a short courtship |
An analysis of how religion supports the interests of a society’s elites would fall under which of the following theoretical approaches? |
social-conflict approach |
Emile Durkheim pointed out three societal functions of religion. Which of the following is NOT one of them? |
increasing social conflict |
Most sociologists agree that |
religion will remain an important part of U.S. society |
The symbolic-interaction approach treats religion as socially constructed meaning that provides greater certainty and security for our lives. |
true |
Animism is closely associated with which of the following societies? |
Native American societies |
Karl Marx pointed out the many positive functions of religion for social life |
false |
In the United States, being more religious is linked to |
lower risk of juvenile delinquency |
The family is a social institution that is found in |
every human society |
When all the evidence is considered, about what share of the U.S. population is really at least somewhat religious? |
one-third |
Over the course of the last century, in high-income nations such as the United States, families have become |
more egalitarian with regard to gender |
Max Weber carried out historical analysis of the rise of the Industrial Revolution and capitalism that linked this change to |
religious values and beliefs, especially those associated with Calvinism |
The concept "empty nest" refers to |
families whose children have grown and left the home |
Karl Marx believed that religion |
reinforces patterns of social inequality |
"Seekers" who pursue "New Age" spiritually believe that everything and everyone is connected by a divine force or plan |
true |
Social class affects what women say they expect in a husband |
true |
A totem is any object defined by members of a society as profane |
false |
African Americans and Asian Americans show significant differences in typical family form. |
true |
Emile Durkheim claimed that, in religious life, people celebrate the awesome power of their society. |
true |
Charisma is a personal quality that lets someone attract others as followers. |
true |
Singlehood is gaining popularity among young people in the United States |
true |
In 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriage must be permitted by law throughout the United States. |
True |
The concept "civil religion" refers to tolerating practices and beliefs that differ form your own. |
false |
Structural-functional theory points out how family perpetuates social inequality. |
false |
In general, industrialization tends to change the dominant family form from |
extended families to nuclear families |
______________ refers to the fusion of Christian principles with political activism, often Marxist in character. |
Liberation theology |
Following Max Weber’s analysis of religion, we could say industrial capitalism is |
disenchanted religion |
Feminist theory links the operation of the family to patriarchy. |
true |
In the United States, the Amish would be an example of a |
sect |
Exogamy means that parents of similar social position pass on their standing to their children. |
false |
The text identifies one region of the world where arranged marriage, although illegal, still takes place in rural areas. That global region is |
India and Sri Lanka |
Over the course of its history, the Roman Catholic Church has been a |
all of these things listed here in varying times and places |
The concept "endogamy" refers to marriage between |
people of the same social category |
a social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including children |
family |
a social bond based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption. |
kinship |
a legal relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, sexual activity, and childbearing. |
marriage |
a family composed of parents and children as well as other kin; also known as a consanguine family |
extended family |
a family composed of one or two parents and their children; also known as a conjugal family |
nuclear family |
marriage between people of different social categories. |
Exogamy |
Chapter 13 Sociology
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