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What is crossing over? |
the exchange of homologous portions of nonsister chromatids |
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Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis? |
synapsis occurs |
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In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common? |
length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes |
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Asexual reproduction _____. |
produces offspring genetically identical to the parent |
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Meiosis I produces _____ cells, each of which is _____. |
two; haploid |
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Meiosis II typically produces _____ cells, each of which is _____. |
four; haploid |
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During _____ sister chromatids separate. |
anaphase II |
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At the end of _____ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids. |
telophase I |
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Synapsis occurs during _____. |
prophase I |
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Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during _____. |
anaphase I |
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During _____ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell. |
metaphase II |
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At the end of _____ and cytokinesis there are four haploid cells. |
telophase II |
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During _____ a spindle forms in a haploid cell. |
prophase II |
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What defines a genome? |
the complete set of an organism’s genes and other DNA sequences |
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Asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following processes? |
mitosis |
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Which of the following statements is correct in comparing sexual and asexual reproduction? |
In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring. |
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Which of the following characteristics do homologous chromosomes exhibit? |
they carry information for the same traits |
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Which of the following statements describes the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell after telophase of meiosis I? |
The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. |
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How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are in prophase of meiosis I? |
The cells have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. |
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During which of the following processes do sister chromatids separate from each other? |
during both mitosis and meiosis II |
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Which of the following processes occur during meiosis but not mitosis? |
diploid cells form haploid cells |
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During which of the following phases of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate? |
anaphase I |
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Which of the following statements describes a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal? |
Meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, while mitosis occurs in diploid cells. |
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Which of the following statements describes a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism? |
Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I. |
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Which of the following statements describes one characteristic of each chromosome in a cell during the entire process of meiosis I? |
Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere. |
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Crossing over of chromosomes normally takes place during which of the following processes? |
meiosis I |
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During which of the following processes do homologous pairs of chromosomes align adjacent to one another at the metaphase plate of a cell? |
metaphase I of meiosis |
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During which of the following phases of meiosis do centromeres split and sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles of the cell? |
anaphase II |
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During which of the following processes does independent assortment of chromosomes occur? |
meiosis I only |
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Which of the following processes occurs when homologous chromosomes cross over in meiosis I? |
Corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged. |
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How are sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes different from each other? |
Homologous chromosomes contain the same gene loci but may have different alleles of a particular gene. Sister chromatids are identical copies of each other produced during DNA replication. |
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Which of the following statements is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16? |
Each diploid cell has eight homologous pairs of chromosomes. |
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Which of the following events happens at the conclusion of meiosis I? |
Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other. |
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Which of the following processes occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? |
synapsis of chromosomes |
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Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of which of the following processes? |
the random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I |
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How does natural selection apply to sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction? |
Sexual reproduction results in many new gene combinations, some of which will lead to differential reproduction. |
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