Which of the following gases was NOT part of Earth’s original atmosphere? |
: D |
:The most common Precambrian fossils are ________, layered mounds of calcium carbonate. |
D |
The ________ era is known as the "age of flowering plants." |
C |
________ are among the most widespread Paleozoic fossils. |
E |
As the solar system began forming, the first materials to condense into small particles were ________ and nickel. |
E |
Which one of the following represents the greatest expanse of geological time? |
C |
During the early Paleozoic era, South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, India, and perhaps China comprised the vast southern continent of ________. |
C |
Which type of bacteria thrive in environments that lack free oxygen? |
C |
Which era of geologic time spans about 88 percent of Earth’s history? |
A |
The ________ means "the Sun in the making." |
E |
Mammals became the dominant land animals during the ________ era |
B |
The ________ period was a time of major extinctions, including 75 percent of amphibian families. |
C |
The beginning of the Cambrian period marks an important event in animal evolution — the appearance of organisms with ________. |
C |
The era of "ancient life" is the ________ era. |
E |
Due to a virtual absence of land plants and certain animals, fossil fuels are notably absent in ________ rocks. |
A |
The major source of free oxygen in the atmosphere is from ________. |
C |
The age of Earth is about ________. |
D |
The Precambrian rock record indicates that much of Earth’s first free oxygen combined with ________ dissolved in water. |
C |
Which one of the following does NOT characterize the early development and specialization of the primitive mammals? |
B |
As they formed, due to their high temperatures and comparatively weak gravitational fields, which planets were unable to retain appreciable amounts of hydrogen, helium, and ammonia? |
B |
Abundant fossil evidence did not appear in the geologic record until about ________. |
C |
During the late Paleozoic, the present-day North America, Europe, western Asia, Siberia, and perhaps China formed the northern continent of ________. |
B |
Most ________ rocks are devoid of fossils, which hinders correlation of rocks. |
A |
The ________ period is sometimes called the "golden age of trilobites." |
A |
________ means "planets in the making." |
D |
The process in which plants use light energy to synthesize food sugars from carbon dioxide is called ________. |
A |
The beginning of the ________ era is marked by the appearance of the first life forms with hard parts. |
B |
Each continent contains large "core areas" of Precambrian rocks referred to as ________. |
D |
By the close of the Paleozoic, all the continents had fused into the single super continent of ________. |
B |
Earth’s primitive atmosphere evolved from gases ________. |
E |
The most economically important resource in Cenozoic strata of the Gulf Coast is ________. |
A |
The waste gas released by plants as they synthesize food sugars from carbon dioxide and water is ________. |
A |
Most of Earth’s iron ore occurs in middle ________ rocks. |
A |
The first true terrestrial animals were the ________. |
B |
This least understood era of Earth’s history has not been subdivided into briefer time units. |
A |
During the ________ period, large evaporite deposits of rock salt and gypsum formed in North America. |
B |
The supercontinent of Pangaea began to break up during the ________ era. |
C |
Which era is sometimes called the "age of dinosaurs?" |
D |
During the ________ era, the westward-moving North American plate began to override the Pacific plate, eventually causing the tectonic activity that ultimately formed the mountains of western North America. |
C |
By the ________ period, large tropical swamps extended across North America, eventually becoming the vast coal deposits of today. |
C |
One group of reptiles, exemplified by the fossil Archaeopteryx, led to the evolution of ________. |
D |
Which period is known as the "age of fishes"? |
E |
During the Cenozoic, plate interactions gave rise to many events of mountain building, volcanism, and earthquakes in ________ North America. |
A |
The cells of these primitive organisms lack organized nuclei and they reproduce asexually. |
C |
Following the reptilian extinctions at the close of the Mesozoic, two groups of mammals, the marsupials and ________, evolved. |
D |
The decay of radioactive atoms, coupled with heat released by colliding particles, produced at least some melting of Earth’s early interior. |
: TRUE |
We are now living in the Mesozoic era. |
FALSE |
Most Mesozoic rocks are devoid of fossils; consequently this is the least understood span of Earth’s history. |
FALSE |
Probably the single most characteristic feature of the Precambrian is its great abundance of fossil evidence. |
FALSE |
Due to differentiation, the lighter, gaseous materials escaped Earth’s interior and became the primitive atmosphere. |
true |
During the early Paleozoic era, the continent of Gondwanaland included North and South America. |
FALSE |
The bodies of our solar system began forming about 5 billion years ago from an enormous cloud of minute rocky fragments and gases. |
TRUE |
The first true terrestrial land animals were the mammals. |
FALSE |
Earth’s original atmosphere, several billion years ago, was similar to the present atmosphere. |
FALSE |
The Cenozoic era is the age of mammals. |
TRUE |
The major source of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere is from the decay of plants. |
FALSE |
The supercontinent of Pangaea formed during the late Mesozoic era. |
FALSE |
Much of the original free oxygen in the atmosphere combined with iron dissolved in water to become iron oxide. |
TRUE |
During the Cenozoic era, the eastern and western margins of North America experienced similar geologic events. |
FALSE |
The large outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) contain huge amounts of hydrogen and other light materials as part of their composition. |
TRUE |
Fossil fuels are abundant in Precambrian rocks. |
FALSE |
A major event of the Mesozoic era was the breakup of the supercontinent called Pangaea. |
FALSE |
The fault-block mountains of Nevada and Mexico formed during the Cenozoic era. |
TRUE |
When Earth’s primitive surface cooled below water’s boiling point, torrential rains slowly filled low areas, forming oceans. |
TRUE |
Volcanic activity was common in western North America during much of Cenozoic time. |
TRUE |
The earliest land plants had large, broad leafs to efficiently intercept sunlight. |
FALSE |
Mammals replaced reptiles as the dominant land animals in the Cenozoic era. |
TRUE |
Well preserved remains of many tiny organisms extend the record of life back beyond 5 billion years. |
FALSE |
A wave of late Pleistocene extinctions rapidly eliminated many large mammals. |
TRUE |
The beginning of the Precambrian era is marked appearance of the first life forms with hard parts. |
FALSE |
Many reptile groups became extinct at the close of the Cenozoic era. |
FALSE |
During the Cenozoic era, a great wedge of sediments from the eroding Rockies created the Great Plains. |
TRUE |
Bacteria that thrive in oxygen free environments are called ________ bacteria. |
anaerobic |
The theory for the formation of the solar system is known as the ________. |
nebular hypothesis |
During the early Paleozoic era, the ________ orogeny affected eastern North America from the present-day central Appalachians to Newfoundland. |
Taconic |
What were the three gases that made up Earth’s original atmosphere? |
water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen |
The rock formations of the ________ era are more widespread and less disturbed than those of any other time. |
Cenozoic |
: 1 81) During the process of ________, plants release the gas ________. |
photosynthesis, oxygen |
By the late ________ period, true air-breathing amphibians with fish-like heads and tails had evolved. |
Devonian |
The ________ era spans about 88 percent of Earth’s history. |
Precambrian |
The most economically important resource in Cenozoic strata of the Gulf Coast is ________. |
petroleum (natural gas) |
Planets in the making are referred to as ________. |
protoplanets |
The most common Precambrian rock type is ________ rock. |
metamorphic |
The Cenozoic era is often called the "age of ________." |
mammals |
On each continent, large "core areas" of Precambrian rocks, called ________, dominate the surface. |
shields |
The ________ period was the "golden age of trilobites." |
Cambrian |
The time of the great extinction that took place at the end of the Mesozoic era is called the ________ or KT boundary. |
Cretaceous-Tertiary |
The Sun in the making is known as the ________. |
protosun |
Extensive deposits of ________ ore are found worldwide in Precambrian rocks. |
iron |
Human evolution takes place during the ________ period of the ________ era. |
Quaternary; Cenozoic |
Fossils that are not of the animals themselves, but of their activities, such as trails and wormholes, are referred to as ________ fossils. |
trace |
Following the reptilian extinctions at the close of the Mesozoic era, two groups of mammals, the marsupials and ________, evolved and expanded. |
placentals |
Many of the most ancient fossils are found in a hard, dense, chemical rock called ________. |
chert |
The late ________ era extinction was the greatest of at least five mass extinctions to occur over the past 540 million years. |
: Paleozoic |
________ are the dominant land plants of the Cenozoic era. |
Angiosperms |
Primitive organisms, called ________, reproduce asexually and contain cells that lack organized nuclei. |
prokaryotes |
One hypothesis for the extinction that took place at the end of the Mesozoic is that a large ________ collided with Earth. |
asteroid (or comet) |
Chapter 12 Earth Science
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