Chapter 11 Principles of Pharmacology

Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain:

A. Increases blood return to the right atrium
B. Increases myocardial contraction force
C. Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries
D. Constricts the veins throughout the body

C. Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct?

A. Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system
B. Compared to enteral medications, parenteral medications have fewer side effects
C. Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally
D. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications

D. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications

Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained?

A. Transcutaneous
B. Intramuscular
C. Intraosseous
D. Subcutaneous

C. Intraosseous

The amount of medication that is given is known as the ______.

A. Contraindication
B. Indication
C. Side effect
D. Dose

D. Dose

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?

A. Sublingually
B. Injected
C. Inhaled
D. Orally

A. Sublingually

The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is:

A. Hypotension
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperglycemia

B. Hypoglycemia

Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient?

A. A patient with stable vital signs
B. Medical direction approval
C. A patient with an altered level of consciousness
D. An alert adult patient

B. Medical direction approval

The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as:

A. The study of drug excretion from the human body
B. The study of drugs that are produced illegally
C. The study of how medications affect the brain
D. The study of drugs and their actions on the body

D. The study of drugs and their actions on the body

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of:

A. Reactive airway disease
B. Bacterial infection
C. Cardiovascular disease
D. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes

C. Cardiovascular disease

What medication form does oral glucose come in?

A. Gel
B. Suspension
C. Fine powder
D. Liquid

A. Gel

Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct?

A. The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug
B. The auto-injector delivers epinephrine via the subcutaneous route
C. EMTs do not need physician authorization to use the auto-injector
D. The adult auto-injector delivers 0.5 to 1 mg of epinephrine

A. The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)?

A. Tachycardia
B. Extreme agitation
C. Hypertension
D. Slow respirations

D. Slow respirations

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should:

A. Administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours
B. Begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit
C. Administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure
D. Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg

D. Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error?

A. The EMT administers the correct drug, but gives it by the wrong route
B. The EMT administers a drug that is contraindicated for the patient
C. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director
D. The EMT accidentally gives a higher drug dose than what is indicated

C. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:

A. administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress
B. check the drug's expiration date to ensure it is still current
C. contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did
D. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication

D. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called:

A. caplets
B. capsules
C. tablets
D. pills

B. capsules

Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotine patch?

A. Sublingual
B. Subcutaneous
C. Transcutaneous
D. Intraosseous

C. Transcutaneous

Activated charcoal is an example of a(n):

A. elixir
B. suspension
C. solution
D. gel

B. suspension

What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector?

A. Intravenous
B. Sublingual
C. Intraosseous
D. Intramuscular

D. Intramuscular

A 37-year-old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of:

A. allergic reactions
B. asthma
C. heart disease
D. hypertension

B. asthma

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):

A. untoward effect
B. therapeutic effect
C. unpredictable effect
D. side effect

D. side effect

A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should:

A. Recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosing of certain drugs
B. Give her high-flow oxygen, avoid giving her any more nitroglycerin because it may cause a drop in her blood pressure, and transport
C. Transport her at once and wait at least 20 minutes before you consider assisting her with a third dose of her prescribed nitroglycerin
D. Assist her in taking one more of her nitroglycerin tablets, reassess her blood pressure, and contact medical control for further instructions

A. Recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification and the dosing of certain drugs

An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if:

A. the patient is believed to be experiencing an acute stroke
B. the patient is currently experiencing hypotension
C. transport time to the hospital is greater than 30 minutes
D. authorization from medical control has been obtained

D. authorization from medical control has been obtained

EMTs respond to a known heroin user who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that:

A. naloxone should be administered in increments of 2mg
B. naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient
C. naloxone should not be given if the patient's breathing is slow
D. the effects of naloxone last longer than most opioid drugs

B. naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:

A. wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure
B. transport her in a sitting position
C. place her in a supine position
D. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask

C. place her in a supine position

In __________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner.

A. paramedic-administered
B. peer-assisted
C. EMT-administered
D. patient-assisted

B. peer-assisted

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to:

A. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect
B. give the patient activated charcoal to rule out a drug overdose
C. withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous catheter is in place
D. give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure

A. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect

Which of the following patient populations typically require a modified drug dose?

A. Pediatric patients
B. Females
C. Patients with asthma
D. Middle adults

A. Pediatric patients

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

A. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream
B. Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic
C. Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via the intravenous route
D. Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream

A. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should:

A. immediately load the patient into the ambulance, begin transport, and reattempt to contact medical control when you receive a cell signal.
B. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital
C. Place her in a supine position, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital, and request a paramedic intercept en route
D. notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient

B. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called:

A. absorption
B. digestion
C. suspension
D. adsorption

D. adsorption

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication:

A. ibuprofen
B. acetaminophen
C. aspirin
D. nitrostat

A. ibuprofen

Which of the following is an example of a generic drug?

A. Advil
B. Bayer
C. Aspirin
D. Excedrin

C. Aspirin

You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control?

A. Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route
B. Give her half the dose of her epinephrine in case her allergic reaction is delayed
C. Administer her epinephrine, reassess her condition, and transport her promptly
D. Begin immediate transport and request an intercept with a paramedic ambulance

A. Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:

A. causes direct coronary vasodilation
B. reduces associated chest pain
C. dissolves the coronary artery clot
D. prevents the aggregation of platelets

D. prevents the aggregation of platelets

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Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain:

A. Increases blood return to the right atrium
B. Increases myocardial contraction force
C. Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries
D. Constricts the veins throughout the body

C. Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct?

A. Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system
B. Compared to enteral medications, parenteral medications have fewer side effects
C. Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally
D. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications

D. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications

Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained?

A. Transcutaneous
B. Intramuscular
C. Intraosseous
D. Subcutaneous

C. Intraosseous

The amount of medication that is given is known as the ______.

A. Contraindication
B. Indication
C. Side effect
D. Dose

D. Dose

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?

A. Sublingually
B. Injected
C. Inhaled
D. Orally

A. Sublingually

The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is:

A. Hypotension
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperglycemia

B. Hypoglycemia

Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient?

A. A patient with stable vital signs
B. Medical direction approval
C. A patient with an altered level of consciousness
D. An alert adult patient

B. Medical direction approval

The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as:

A. The study of drug excretion from the human body
B. The study of drugs that are produced illegally
C. The study of how medications affect the brain
D. The study of drugs and their actions on the body

D. The study of drugs and their actions on the body

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of:

A. Reactive airway disease
B. Bacterial infection
C. Cardiovascular disease
D. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes

C. Cardiovascular disease

What medication form does oral glucose come in?

A. Gel
B. Suspension
C. Fine powder
D. Liquid

A. Gel

Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct?

A. The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug
B. The auto-injector delivers epinephrine via the subcutaneous route
C. EMTs do not need physician authorization to use the auto-injector
D. The adult auto-injector delivers 0.5 to 1 mg of epinephrine

A. The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)?

A. Tachycardia
B. Extreme agitation
C. Hypertension
D. Slow respirations

D. Slow respirations

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should:

A. Administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours
B. Begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit
C. Administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure
D. Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg

D. Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error?

A. The EMT administers the correct drug, but gives it by the wrong route
B. The EMT administers a drug that is contraindicated for the patient
C. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director
D. The EMT accidentally gives a higher drug dose than what is indicated

C. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:

A. administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress
B. check the drug’s expiration date to ensure it is still current
C. contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did
D. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication

D. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called:

A. caplets
B. capsules
C. tablets
D. pills

B. capsules

Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotine patch?

A. Sublingual
B. Subcutaneous
C. Transcutaneous
D. Intraosseous

C. Transcutaneous

Activated charcoal is an example of a(n):

A. elixir
B. suspension
C. solution
D. gel

B. suspension

What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector?

A. Intravenous
B. Sublingual
C. Intraosseous
D. Intramuscular

D. Intramuscular

A 37-year-old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient’s car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of:

A. allergic reactions
B. asthma
C. heart disease
D. hypertension

B. asthma

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):

A. untoward effect
B. therapeutic effect
C. unpredictable effect
D. side effect

D. side effect

A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should:

A. Recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosing of certain drugs
B. Give her high-flow oxygen, avoid giving her any more nitroglycerin because it may cause a drop in her blood pressure, and transport
C. Transport her at once and wait at least 20 minutes before you consider assisting her with a third dose of her prescribed nitroglycerin
D. Assist her in taking one more of her nitroglycerin tablets, reassess her blood pressure, and contact medical control for further instructions

A. Recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification and the dosing of certain drugs

An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if:

A. the patient is believed to be experiencing an acute stroke
B. the patient is currently experiencing hypotension
C. transport time to the hospital is greater than 30 minutes
D. authorization from medical control has been obtained

D. authorization from medical control has been obtained

EMTs respond to a known heroin user who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that:

A. naloxone should be administered in increments of 2mg
B. naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient
C. naloxone should not be given if the patient’s breathing is slow
D. the effects of naloxone last longer than most opioid drugs

B. naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:

A. wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure
B. transport her in a sitting position
C. place her in a supine position
D. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask

C. place her in a supine position

In __________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner.

A. paramedic-administered
B. peer-assisted
C. EMT-administered
D. patient-assisted

B. peer-assisted

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to:

A. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect
B. give the patient activated charcoal to rule out a drug overdose
C. withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous catheter is in place
D. give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure

A. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect

Which of the following patient populations typically require a modified drug dose?

A. Pediatric patients
B. Females
C. Patients with asthma
D. Middle adults

A. Pediatric patients

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

A. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream
B. Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic
C. Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via the intravenous route
D. Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream

A. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should:

A. immediately load the patient into the ambulance, begin transport, and reattempt to contact medical control when you receive a cell signal.
B. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital
C. Place her in a supine position, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital, and request a paramedic intercept en route
D. notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient

B. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called:

A. absorption
B. digestion
C. suspension
D. adsorption

D. adsorption

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication:

A. ibuprofen
B. acetaminophen
C. aspirin
D. nitrostat

A. ibuprofen

Which of the following is an example of a generic drug?

A. Advil
B. Bayer
C. Aspirin
D. Excedrin

C. Aspirin

You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control?

A. Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route
B. Give her half the dose of her epinephrine in case her allergic reaction is delayed
C. Administer her epinephrine, reassess her condition, and transport her promptly
D. Begin immediate transport and request an intercept with a paramedic ambulance

A. Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:

A. causes direct coronary vasodilation
B. reduces associated chest pain
C. dissolves the coronary artery clot
D. prevents the aggregation of platelets

D. prevents the aggregation of platelets

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